σοφία: Difference between revisions
ἔστιν δέ που ἡ μὲν ἐπὶ σώμασι γυμναστική, ἡ δ' ἐπὶ ψυχῇ μουσική → I think I am right in saying that we have physical exercise for the body and the arts for the soul
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|strgr=from [[σοφός]]; [[wisdom]] ([[higher]] or [[lower]], [[worldly]] or [[spiritual]]): [[wisdom]]. | |strgr=from [[σοφός]]; [[wisdom]] ([[higher]] or [[lower]], [[worldly]] or [[spiritual]]): [[wisdom]]. | ||
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{{Thayer | |||
|txtha=σοφίας, ἡ (σοφός), Hebrew חָכְמָה, Wisdom of Solomon , broad and full intelligence (from Homer down); used of the knowledge of very diverse matters, so that the shade of meaning in which the word is taken must be discovered from the context in every particular case.<br /><b class="num">a.</b> the wisdom which belongs to men: universally, Proverbs , as was ἡ σοφία τοῦ Σολομῶνος, τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, Winer s Grammar, 227 (213) n.; Buttmann, § 134,6); the art of interpreting dreams and always giving the sagest advice, σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη is put in contrast the σοφία ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης, such as is the craftiness of envious and quarrelsome men. σαρκικῇ σοφία (see σαρκικός, 1), craftiness, πανουργία of σοφία is not infrequently used of shrewdness and cunning; cf. Passow (or Liddell and Scott), under the word, 2); the knowledge and skill in affairs requisite for the successful defense of the Christian cause against hostile accusations, δικαιόω, 2). In Paul's Epistles: a knowledge of the divine plan, previously hidden, of providing salvation for men by the expiatory death of Christ, Winer's Grammar, 111 (105f)); hence, all the treasures of wisdom are said to be hidden in Christ, Θεοῦ (genitive of the author), πνευματικῇ, πνεῦμα σοφίας καί ἀποκαλύψεως, λόγος σοφίας, the ability to discourse eloquently of this Wisdom of Solomon , τοῦ κόσμου added, τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, τῶν σοφῶν, ἀνθρώπων, Romans , vol. i, p. 67f; σοφία τοῦ λόγου, the wisdom which shows itself in speaking (R. V. wisdom of words), the art of the rhetorician, λόγοι (ἀνθρωπίνης (so R in σοφίας, discourse conformed to philosophy and the art of rhetoric, supreme intelligence, such as belongs to God: τοῦ Θεοῦ, as manifested in the formation and government of the world, and to the Jews, moreover, in the Scriptures, πολυποίκιλος from the great variety of ways and methods by which he devised and achieved salvation through Christ, ἡ σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶπεν seem to denote the wisdom of God which is operative and embodied as it were in Jesus, so that the primitive Christians, when to comfort themselves under persecution they recalled the saying of Christ, employed that formula of quotation (cf. Luke , in ignorance of this fact, took the phrase for a part of Christ's saying. So Eusebius (h. e. 3,32, 8), perhaps in the words of Hegesippus, calls those who had personally heard Christ οἱ αὐταῖς ἀκοαῖς τῆς ἐνθεου σοφίας ἐπακοῦσαι κατηξιώμενοι; cf. Grimm in the Studien und Kritiken for 1853, p. 332ff. (For other explanations of the phenomenon, see the commentaries on Luke , the passage cited Cf. Schürer, Zeitgesch. § 33, V:1 and references.) [ SYNONYMS: on the relation of σοφία to γνῶσις see γνῶσις, at the end. "While σοφία is 'mental excellence in its highest and fullest sense' (Aristotle, eth. Nic. 6,7), σύνεσις and φρόνησις are both derivative and special — applications of σοφία to details: σύνεσις, critical, apprehending the bearing of things, φρόνησις, practical, suggesting lines of action" (Lightfoot on Colossians , the passage cited; Schmidt, chapter 13 § 10; chapter 147 § 8. See σοφός, at the end] | |||
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Revision as of 16:44, 28 August 2017
English (LSJ)
Ion. -ιη, ἡ, prop.
A cleverness or skill in handicraft and art, as in carpentry, τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σ. Il.15.412; of the Telchines, Pi.O.7.53; ἡ ἔντεχνος σ., of Hephaestus and Athena, Pl.Prt.32 1d; of Daedalus and Palamedes, X.Mem.4.2.33, cf. 1.4.2; in music and singing, τέχνῃ καὶ σ. h.Merc.483, cf. 511; in poetry, Sol.13.52, Pi.O.1.117, Ar.Ra.882, X.An.1.2.8, etc.; in driving, Pl. Thg.123c; in medicine or surgery, Pi.P.3.54; in divination, S.OT 502 (lyr.); δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο Pl.R.406b; σ. δημηγορική, δικανική, ib.365d; ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου σ. Id.Ion 542a; οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν Id.Ap.22b; σημαίνοντες τὴν σ .... ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν Arist.EN1141a12: rare in pl., Pi.O.9.107, Ar.Ra.676 (lyr.), IG12.522 (vase, v B.C.). 2 skill in matters of common life. sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like φρόνησις, Thgn.790,876,1074, Hdt.1.30,60; ἡ τῶν δεινῶν σ., opp.ἀμαθία, Pl.Prt.360d; τὴν τότε καλουμένην σ., οὖσαν δὲ δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Plu.Them.2; also, cunning, shrewdness, craft, Hdt.1.68, etc.; τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σ. Pi.O. 9.38. 3 learning, wisdom, μείζω τινὰ ἢ κατ' ἄνθρωπον σοφίαν σοφοί Pl.Ap.20e; opp. ἀμαθία, ib.22e; freq. in E., e.g. μόρσιμα . . οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται Heracl.615 (lyr.); τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία (v. σοφός 1.3) Ba.395 (lyr.), etc.; freq. in Arist., speculative wisdom, EN 1141a19, Metaph. 982a2, 995b12 (pl.), 1059a18; defined as θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη, Stoic.2.15; but also of natural philosophy and mathematics, σ. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική Arist.Metaph.1005b1, cf. 1061b33. 4 among the Jews, ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου LXX Pr.1.7, cf. Jb.28.28, al.; Σοφία, recognized first as an attribute of God, was later identified with the Spirit of God, cf. LXX Pr.8 with Si.24sq. 5 later as a title, ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ὑμῶν σ., POxy.1165.6, PSI7.790.14 (both vi A.D.).
German (Pape)
[Seite 913] ἡ, ion. σοφίη, ursprünglich das Wissen, Verstehen; zuerst von körperlicher, mechanischer Fertigkeit in Handwerken und Künsten, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σοφίης, von der Kunst des Zimmermanns, Il. 15, 412 (ἅπαξ εἰρ.); Geschicklichkeit im Saiten- u. Flötenspiel u. in der Tonkunst übh., H. h. Merc. 483. 511; eben so von der Dichtkunst, σοφίαι αἰπειναί, Pind. Ol. 9, 107, welche in ältester Zeit auch der Hauptträger des Wissens war; Ath. XIV, 622 c τὸ δὲ ὅλον ἔοικεν ἡ παλαιὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων σοφία τῇ μο υσικῇ μάλιστα εἶναι δεδομένη; so heißt es auch Xen. An. 1, 2, 8 λέγεται Ἀπόλλων ἐκδεῖραι Μαρσύαν, νικήσας ἐρίζοντά οἱ περὶ σοφίας; mit der Sangeskunde hing auch die Kunst zusammen, die Einwirkung verderblicher Zauberkräfte abzuwehren und böse Geister zu bannen, Ath. XIV, 614 d πλῆθος δ' ἦν Ἀθἠνῃσι τῆς σοφίας ταύτης, die Kunst der., ὲλωτοποιοί; dei Pind. nimmt das Wort aber schon die allgemeine Bdtg der Kunst und Wissenschaft im döheren Sinne an, vgl. N. 7, 23 I. 6, 18 P. 6, 49; σοφίᾳ γὰρ ἔκ του κλεινὸν ἔπ ος πέφανται, Soph. Ant. 616; u. so bes. in Vrosa; Plat. vrbdt auch noch ταύτην τὴν σοφίαν, ᾑ τὰ ἅρματα κυβερνῶσιν, Lach. 123 c; ἐπεθύμησα ταύτης τῆς σοφίας, ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν, Phaed. 96 a. – Erfahrung u. Gewandtheit in den Geschäften des öffentlichen und häuslichen Lebens, gesunder Menschenverstand, der steh im richtigen praktischen Urtheil ausspricht, wie bei den sogenannten sieben Weisen; auch Schlauheit, List, Her. 1, 68 u. oft; σοφίῃ Ggstz von βίῃ 3, 127, vgl. Eur. Or. 710. – Dann aber Kenntniß in den höheren Wissenschaften, Gelehrsamkeit, und zulegt auch Weisheit in unserm Sinne, welche durch die Philosophen auf verschiedene Art bestimmt wird.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
σοφία: Ἰων.-ίη, ἡ, κυρίως, εὐφυΐα, δεξιότης, ἐμπειρία ἔν τινι τέχνῃ ὡς ἐν τῇ τεκτονικῇ, τέκτονος, ὃς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σοφίης Ἰλ. Ο. 412· ἐπὶ τῶν Τελχίνων, Πινδ. Ο. 7. 98· ἡ ἔντεχνος σ., τοῦ Ἡφαίστου καὶ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς, Πλάτ. Πρωτ. 321D· τοῦ Δαιδάλου καὶ Παλαμήδους, Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 4. 2. 33, πρβλ. 1. 4. 3· ἐν μουσικῇ καὶ ὠδικῇ, τέχνη καὶ σ. Ὁμ. Ὕμν. εἰς Ἑρμ. 483, πρβλ. 511· ἐν τῇ ποιήσει, Πινδ. Ο. 1. 187, πρβλ. Ἀριστοφ. Βατρ. 882, κτλ., Ξεν. Ἀν. 1. 2, 8· ἐν τῇ ἁρματηλασίᾳ, Πλάτ. Θεάγ. 123C· ἐν ἰατρικῇ καὶ χειρουργικῇ, Πινδ. Π. 3. 96· δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο Πλάτ. Πολ. 406Β· σ. δημηγορική, δικανικὴ αὐτόθι 365D· ― σ. τινός, γνῶσις πράγματός τινος, ἐμπειρία εἰς αὐτὸ καὶ δεξιότης, αὐτόθι 360D· ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου σ. ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἴωνι 542Α· οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἀπολ. 22C· σημαίνοντες τὴν σοφίαν.., ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνη ἐστὶν Ἀριστ. Ἠθικ. Νικ. 6. 7, 1· ― σπάνιον ἐν τῷ πληθ., Πινδ. Ο. 9. 161, πρβλ. Ἀριστοφ. Βατρ. 676, Ἑλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 1100. 2) εὐφυΐα καὶ ἐμπειρία εἰς τὰ συνήθη πράγματα τοῦ βίου, ὀρθότης κρίσεως, φρόνησις, πρακτικὴ καὶ πολιτικὴ σύνεσις, κτλ. ὡς ἐχαρακτηρίζετο ἡ σοφία τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν, συνώνυμ. τῷ φρόνησις, Θέογν. 1074, Ἡρόδ. 1. 30, 60· ἡ περὶ τὸν βίον σ. Πλάτ. Πρωτ. 321D· ἡ τῶν δεινῶν σ., ἀντίθετον τῷ ἀμαθίᾳ, αὐτόθι 360D· τὴν τότε καλουμένην σ., οὖσαν δὲ δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Πλουτ. Θεμιστ. 2· ὡσαύτως, ἐπὶ σημασίας οὐχὶ τοσοῦτον καλῆς, εὐφυΐα, πανουργία, συνώνυμον τῷ δεινότης, Ἡρόδ. 1. 68, κτλ.· τὸ λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σ. Πινδ. Ο. 9. 57. 3) γνῶσις τῶν ἐπιστημῶν, μάθησις, παιδεία, φιλοσοφία, Θέογν. 790, 876· σοφίᾳ σοφίαν παραμείβειν Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 504· συχν. παρὰ τῷ Εὐρ., π.χ. μόρσιμα..οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται Ἡρακλ. 615· τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία (ἴδε σοφὸς Ι. 3), Βάκχ. 393, κτλ.· ― συχν. παρ’ Ἀριστ., ἡ ὑψίστη ἐπιστήμη, ἡ, γνῶσις τῶν αἰτίων, φιλοσοφία, μεταφυσική, Ἠθικ. Νικ. 6. 7, Μετὰ τὰ Φυσ. 1. 1, 17., 1. 2, 1 κἑξ., 2. 1, 6., 10. 1, 1· ἀλλ’ ὡσαύτως, αἱ φυσικαὶ επιστῆμαι καὶ τὰ μαθηματικά, αὐτόθι 3. 3, 4., 10. 4, 3. 4) παρὰ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ἡ Σοφία, θεωρουμένη πρῶτον ὡς ἰδιότης τοῦ ΘΕΟΥ ἐταυτίσθη πρὸς τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, πρβλ. Παροιμ. Η΄ καὶ Σειρὰχ ΚΔ΄ κἑξ., καὶ ἴδε Westcott in Dict. of Bible, 3. 1782· - ἐθεωρήθη ὡς ἁγία, «ἁγία Σοφία» παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι Χριστιανοῖς, ἴδε Gibbon, κεφ. 40. - Πρβλ. σοφός, σοφιστὴς ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς μέχρι τέλους. - Καθ’ Ἡσύχ.: «πᾶσα τέχνη καὶ ἐπιστήμη».
French (Bailly abrégé)
ας (ἡ) :
I. habileté manuelle;
II. savoir, science;
III. sagesse pratique, d’où
1 sagesse en gén.
2 en mauv. part habileté, ruse.
Étymologie: σοφός.
English (Slater)
σοφία (-ία, -ίας, -ίᾳ, -ίαν: -ίαι.)
a in general, art, wisdom δαέντι δὲ καὶ σοφία μείζων ἄδολος τελέθει (O. 7.53) τὸ πλουτεῖν δὲ σὺν τύχᾳ πότμου σοφίας ἄριστον is the best part of wisdom (P. 2.56) γνῶθι νῦν τὰν Οἰδιπόδα σοφίαν (P. 4.263) ἔθηκας ἀμάχανον ἰσχύν τ' ἀνδράσι καὶ σοφίας ὁδόν (Pae. 9.4) σοφίᾳ γὰρ ἀείρεται πλει[ (Pae. 14.40) τί ἔλπεαι σοφίαν ἔμμεν ἃν ὀλίγον τοι ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει; fr. 61. 1. σθένει κραιπνοὶ σοφίᾳ τε μέγιστοι ἄνδρες fr. 133. 4. ἀτελῆ σοφίας καρπὸν δρέπειν (sc. τοὺς φυσιολογοῦντας) fr. 209.
b esp., poetic art, skill ἐμέ πρόφαντον σοφίᾳ καθ' Ἕλλανας ἐόντα παντᾷ (O. 1.116) ἐπεὶ τό γε λοιδορῆσαι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σοφία (O. 9.38) ἀμφί τε Λατοίδα σοφίᾳ βαθυκόλπων τε Μοισᾶν (P. 1.12) πολλοῖσι δ' ἅγημαι σοφίας ἑτέροις (P. 4.248) ἄδικον οὔθ' ὑπέροπλον ἥβαν δρέπων, σοφίαν δ ἐν μυχοῖσι Πιερίδων (P. 6.49) σοφία δὲ κλέπτει παράγοισα μύθοις (N. 7.23) ἀμνάμονες δὲ βροτοί, ὅ τι μὴ σοφίας ἄωτον ἄκρον κλυταῖς ἐπέων ῥοαῖσιν ἐξίκηται ζυγέν (I. 7.18) ὅστις ἄνευθ' Ἑλικωνιάδων βαθεῖαν ἐρευνᾷ σοφίας ὁδόν (v. l. σοφιαῖς.) Πα. 7B. 20. ἄμαχοι εἰς σοφίαν ?fr. 353.
c of other arts or skills ἀλλὰ κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται (with particular ref. to medicine) (P. 3.54) κυριώτερο[ λτ;εἰς σοφίας λόγον> (supp. Snell ex Aristide) fr. 260. 7. pl., σοφίαι μὲν αἰπειναί (O. 9.107)
English (Strong)
from σοφός; wisdom (higher or lower, worldly or spiritual): wisdom.
English (Thayer)
σοφίας, ἡ (σοφός), Hebrew חָכְמָה, Wisdom of Solomon , broad and full intelligence (from Homer down); used of the knowledge of very diverse matters, so that the shade of meaning in which the word is taken must be discovered from the context in every particular case.
a. the wisdom which belongs to men: universally, Proverbs , as was ἡ σοφία τοῦ Σολομῶνος, τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, Winer s Grammar, 227 (213) n.; Buttmann, § 134,6); the art of interpreting dreams and always giving the sagest advice, σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη is put in contrast the σοφία ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης, such as is the craftiness of envious and quarrelsome men. σαρκικῇ σοφία (see σαρκικός, 1), craftiness, πανουργία of σοφία is not infrequently used of shrewdness and cunning; cf. Passow (or Liddell and Scott), under the word, 2); the knowledge and skill in affairs requisite for the successful defense of the Christian cause against hostile accusations, δικαιόω, 2). In Paul's Epistles: a knowledge of the divine plan, previously hidden, of providing salvation for men by the expiatory death of Christ, Winer's Grammar, 111 (105f)); hence, all the treasures of wisdom are said to be hidden in Christ, Θεοῦ (genitive of the author), πνευματικῇ, πνεῦμα σοφίας καί ἀποκαλύψεως, λόγος σοφίας, the ability to discourse eloquently of this Wisdom of Solomon , τοῦ κόσμου added, τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, τῶν σοφῶν, ἀνθρώπων, Romans , vol. i, p. 67f; σοφία τοῦ λόγου, the wisdom which shows itself in speaking (R. V. wisdom of words), the art of the rhetorician, λόγοι (ἀνθρωπίνης (so R in σοφίας, discourse conformed to philosophy and the art of rhetoric, supreme intelligence, such as belongs to God: τοῦ Θεοῦ, as manifested in the formation and government of the world, and to the Jews, moreover, in the Scriptures, πολυποίκιλος from the great variety of ways and methods by which he devised and achieved salvation through Christ, ἡ σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶπεν seem to denote the wisdom of God which is operative and embodied as it were in Jesus, so that the primitive Christians, when to comfort themselves under persecution they recalled the saying of Christ, employed that formula of quotation (cf. Luke , in ignorance of this fact, took the phrase for a part of Christ's saying. So Eusebius (h. e. 3,32, 8), perhaps in the words of Hegesippus, calls those who had personally heard Christ οἱ αὐταῖς ἀκοαῖς τῆς ἐνθεου σοφίας ἐπακοῦσαι κατηξιώμενοι; cf. Grimm in the Studien und Kritiken for 1853, p. 332ff. (For other explanations of the phenomenon, see the commentaries on Luke , the passage cited Cf. Schürer, Zeitgesch. § 33, V:1 and references.) [ SYNONYMS: on the relation of σοφία to γνῶσις see γνῶσις, at the end. "While σοφία is 'mental excellence in its highest and fullest sense' (Aristotle, eth. Nic. 6,7), σύνεσις and φρόνησις are both derivative and special — applications of σοφία to details: σύνεσις, critical, apprehending the bearing of things, φρόνησις, practical, suggesting lines of action" (Lightfoot on Colossians , the passage cited; Schmidt, chapter 13 § 10; chapter 147 § 8. See σοφός, at the end]