κότος
English (LSJ)
ὁ, grudge, rancour, rancor, ill-will, resentment, hatred, more inveterate than χόλος, Il.1.82 (cf. 81); τοῖσιν κ. αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε 8.449; τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἐνήσεις 16.449; κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ Od.11.102; ὁπόταν τις ἀμείλιχον καρδίᾳ κότον ἐνελάσῃ Pi.P.8.9: freq. in A., δαιμόνων κότῳ, Λοξίου κότῳ, Ag.635, 1211; βαρὺς… Ζηνὸς ἱκεσίου κ. Supp.347; τοῦ θανόντος ἡ Δίκη πράσσει κότον = Justice seeks the grievance for the dead, Justice doth exact the dead man's due Fr.266.5; never in S., once in E.(?), Rh.828 (lyr.).—Poet. and late Prose, D.H.9.51.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1493] ὁ, dauernder Zorn, Groll, nach den alten Erkl. stärker u. dauernder als χόλος u. μῆνις; vgl. Il. 1, 81, εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά γε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον, ὄφρα τελέσσῃ, wie 13, 516 δὴ γάρ οἱ ἔχεν κότον ἐμμενὲς αἰεί, Groll gegen ihn; ὅ τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ Od. 11, 102, welcher Zorn gegen dich gefaßt hat; auch τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε, Il. 8, 449; ὁπόταν τις ἀμείλιχον καρδίᾳ κότον ἐνελάσῃ Pind. P. 8, 9; oft bei Aesch., δαιμόνων κότῳ Ag. 621, wie Διός u. ä. öfter; ὀλέθριον πνέουσ' ἐν ἐχθροῖς κότον, Zorn schnauben, Ch. 940, vgl. Eum. 804; Soph. hat das Wort gar nicht, Eur. nur Rhes. 827, μὴ κότον μοι ἐφῇς. – In Prosa erst bei Sp., wie D. Hal. 9, 51.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ὁ) :
ressentiment, animosité, haine : κότον ἔχειν τινός IL avoir du ressentiment contre qqn ; κότον ἐντίθεσθαι θυμῷ OD ou τίθεσθαι κότον τινί IL déposer ou conserver dans son cœur du ressentiment contre qqn.
Étymologie: DELG cf. gaul. Catu-briges, d'un thème signifiant « combat, lutte ».
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
κότος -ου, ὁ haat, woede, wrok:. τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ hij heeft haat tegen je opgevat in zijn hart Od. 11.102; δαιμόνων κότῳ door de wrok van de goden Aeschl. Ag. 635.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
κότος: ὁ гнев, злоба (κότον ἔχειν τινί Hom.; ὀλέθριος Aesch.): κότον ἐντίθεσθαί τινι θυμῷ Hom. затаить в душе злобу на кого-л.; μή μοι κότον θῇς (v.l. ἐφῇς) Eur. не сердись на меня.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
κότος: -ου, ὁ, μῆνις, ὀργὴ ἐγκαθίσασα ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ πολυετὴς χόλος καὶ τὴν μῆνιν ὑπεραναβάς, εἴπερ γάρ τε χόλον καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον, ὄφρα τελέσῃ Ἰλ. Α. 81, 82· τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε Θ. 449· τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἐνήσεις Π. 449· κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ Ὀδ. Λ. 102· ὁπόταν τις ἀμείλιχον καρδίᾳ κότον ἐνελάσῃ Πινδ. Π. 8. 11· οὐδαμοῦ παρὰ Σοφ., καὶ παρ’ Εὐρ. μόνον ἐν Ρήσ. 827· ἀλλὰ συχνὸν παρ’ Αἰσχύλῳ, δαιμόνων κότῳ, Λοξίου κ. Ἀγαμ. 635, 1211· βαρύς... Ζηνὸς ἱκεσίου κ. Ἱκέτ. 346· τοῦ θανόντος ἡ Δίκη πράσσει κότον, λαμβάνει ἐκδίκησιν δι’ αὐτόν, Ἀποσπ. 257· ― λέξις ποιητ. ἀπαντῶσα παρὰ Διον. Ἁλ. 9. 51. (Ἐντεῦθεν τὰ κοτέω, ἔγκοτος, ζάκοτος).
English (Autenrieth)
English (Slater)
κότος anger ὁπόταν τις ἀμείλιχον καρδίᾳ κότον ἐνελάσῃ (P. 8.9)
Greek Monolingual
κότος, ὁ (Α)
διαρκής οργή, έχθρα, μίσος, μνησικακία («ὅ τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ», Ομ. Οδ.).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Αβέβαιης ετυμολ. Η λ. ανάγεται πιθ. σε θέμα κοτεσ- ουδ. ουσ. (κότος, το), πρβλ. κοτέσ-σασθαι (αόρ. του κοτέω), οπότε συνδέεται με κελτικές και γερμανικές λ. που έχουν σημ. «μάχη, αντιδικία» (πρβλ. γαλατ. catu-riges, αρχ. άνω γερμ. hadu-, μέσ. αρχ. γερμ. hader «λογομαχία») και πιθ. με ρωσ., αρχ. σλαβ. kotora «μάχη» και αρχ. ινδ. śatru- «εχθρός».
ΠΑΡ. αρχ. κοταίνω, κοτεινός, κοτέω, κοτήεις, κοτίζω, κοτόεις.
ΣΥΝΘ. (Β' συνθετικό) αλλόκοτος
αρχ.
άκοτος, βαρύκοτος, έγκοτος, επίκοτος, ζάκοτος, μεγαλόκοτος, νεόκοτος, παλίγκοτος, υπέρκοτος
νεοελλ.
απόκοτος].
Greek Monotonic
κότος: -ου, ὁ, έχθρα, μνησικακία, οργή, μίσος, σε Όμηρ., Αισχύλ.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: grudge, hatred (Il.; Irmscher Götterzorn 11f.).
Compounds: Often as 2. member, e. g. ἔγ-κοτος grudging (A.; bahuvrihicomp.) with the denomin. ἐγκοτ-έω be full of grudging (A.); and ἐγκότημα, -ησις (LXX) and, as backformation, ἔγκοτος (Hdt.) id. (diff. on ἔγκοτος Strömberg Prefix Studies 116); also ἐγκότιος adj. (Salamis on Cyprus).
Derivatives: κοτήεις grudging (Ε 191); -ήεις analog. for κοτόεις (A. D., EM), Schwyzer 527; cf. also Thieme Studien 71 n. 3. - Beside it, prob. as denomin. (s. below) κοτέω, -έομαι, aor. κοτέσσασθαι, -έσαι, fut. κοτέσσομαι, perf. ptc. dat. κεκοτηότι grudge (Il.); also κοταίνω id. (A. Th. 485; after θυμαίνω a. o., s. Fraenkel Denom. 18 and on θυμός).
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: No etymology. One compares since Fick 3, 69 (e. g. Brugmann Grundr.2 1, 630) a Celto-Germanic word for struggle, fight, e. g. Welsh catu- in Catu-rīges, OHG hadu- in Hadu-brand and, with diff. suffix, MHG hader id., with further Slav., e. g. Russ.-CS. kotora fight; futher with palatal anlaut Skt. śátru- enemy. Rejecting this etymology WP. 1, 454 (cf. 1, 339), also after Fick (1, 45), adduce Lat. cōs whettone (s. κῶνος). But in both cases there is no morphological argumentation. If κότος were an old s-stem (Fraenkel KZ 43, 193ff.), it would fit better to the u- and r-stems in catu-, hader; but κοτέσσασθαι can be explained as analogical (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349). - Machek Stud. in hon. Acad. d. Dečev 49f. compares Czech. katiti se annoy onself.
Middle Liddell
Frisk Etymology German
κότος: {kótos}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: Groll, Haß (ep. poet. seit Il., auch sp. Prosa; Irmscher Götterzorn 11f.).
Composita: Oft als Hinterglied, z. B. ἔγκοτος grollerfüllt (A. u. a.; Bahuvrihikomp.) mit dem Denominativum ἐγκοτέω grollerfüllt sein, grollen (A. u. a.); davon ἐγκότημα, -ησις (LXX) und, als Rückbildung, ἔγκοτος (Hdt.) Groll, Haß (anders über ἔγκοτος usw. Strömberg Prefix Studies 116); mit Suffixtausch ἐγκότιος Adj. (Salamis auf Kypros).
Derivative: Ableitung κοτήεις voll Groll (Ε 191); -ήεις analogisch für κοτόεις (A. D., EM), Schwyzer 527; vgl. auch Thieme Studien 71 A. 3. — Daneben, wahrscheinlich als Denominativum (vgl. unten) κοτέω, -έομαι, Aor. κοτέσσασθαι, -έσαι, Fut. κοτέσσομαι, Perf. Ptz. Dat. κεκοτηότι grollen (ep. lyr. seit Il.); auch κοταίνω ib. (A. Th. 485, lyr.; nach θυμαίνω u. a., s. Fraenkel Denom. 18 und zu θυμός).
Etymology: Keine überzeugende Etymologie. Man vergleicht seit Fick 3, 69 (z. B. Brugmann Grundr.2 1, 630) ein keltisch-germanisches Wort für Kampf, Streit, z. B. gall. catu- in Catu-rīges, ahd. hadu- in Hadu-brand und, im Suffix abweichend, mhd. hader Zank, Streit, wozu noch slav., z. B. russ.-ksl. kotora μάχη; außerdem mit palatalem Anlaut aind. śátru- Feind. Unter Ablehnung dieser Etymologie wird von WP. 1, 454 (vgl. 1, 339), gleichfalls nach Fick (1, 45), einer Zusammenstellung mit lat. cōs Wetzstein usw. (s. κῶνος) das Wort geredet. Von der nur approximativen semantischen Übereinstimmung abgesehen fehlt in beiden Fällen die entscheidende morphologische Begründung. Wenn κότος ein alter s-Stamm wäre (Fraenkel KZ 43, 193ff.), würde es allerdings zu den u- und r-Stämmen in catu-, hader usw. besser stimmen; das dafür von Fraenkel angeführte κοτέσσασθαι läßt sich aber als Analogiebildung erklären (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349). — Machek Stud. in hon. Acad. d. Dečev 49f. vergleicht čech. katiti se sich ärgern.
Page 1,931-932
English (Woodhouse)
Translations
hatred
Abkhaz: агәаӷ; Afrikaans: haat; Albanian: urrejtje; Arabic: بُغْض, كَرَاهِيَة, كُرْه, بَغْضَاء; Egyptian Arabic: كره, كراهية, بغض; Moroccan Arabic: كره; Aragonese: odio, quimera; Armenian: ատելություն; Assamese: ঘিণ, আখেজ; Asturian: odiu; Azerbaijani: nifrət; Basque: herra, gorroto; Belarusian: нянавісць; Bengali: নফরৎ, আখেজ, ঘেন্না, ঘিন, ঘৃণা; Breton: kas, kasoni; Bulgarian: омраза, ненавист; Burmese: ပဋိဃာတ်; Catalan: odi; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ; Chinese Mandarin: 恨, 仇恨, 憎惡, 憎恶, 憎恨, 怨恨, 厭惡, 厌恶; Czech: nenávist, zášť; Danish: had; Dutch: haat; Elfdalian: at; Esperanto: malamo; Estonian: viha; Faroese: hatur; Fijian: veicati; Finnish: viha; French: haine; Galician: odio, xenreira; Georgian: სიძულვილი, მძულვარება, ზიზღი; German: Hass; Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰, 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸; Greek: μίσος, έχθρα, απέχθεια; Ancient Greek: ἀπέχθεια, ἔχθος, ἔχθρα, μῖσος, μίσημα, στύγος; Greenlandic: uumissuineq, qinngarsuineq; Hawaiian: inaina; Hebrew: שנאה; Hiligaynon: kadúmut; Hindi: घृणा, घिन, दुश्मनी, नफ़रत; Hungarian: gyűlölet; Icelandic: hatur; Indonesian: kebencian; Interlingua: odio; Irish: fuath, gráin; Italian: odio, risentimento; Japanese: 憎しみ, 憎悪, 嫌悪, 厭悪, 嫌厭; Kazakh: ғадауат, жек көрушілік; Khmer: ស្អប់ខ្ពើម, សេចក្ដីស្អប់; Korean: 증오심; Kurdish Central Kurdish: قین; Kyrgyz: жек көрүүчүлүк, жаман көрүүчүлүк; Lao: ເວນ; Latin: odium, invidia; Latvian: naids, ienaids; Lithuanian: neapykanta; Lombard: odi; Low German: Hat; Macedonian: омраза; Malay: benci, kebencian; Malayalam: വെറുപ്പ്, വിദ്വേഷം; Maori: mauāhara, ahikauri; Marathi: द्वेष; Middle English: hate, hatrede, hete; Mongolian Cyrillic: хорсол, занал, үзэн ядалт; Mongolian: ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠰᠤᠯ, ᠵᠠᠨᠤᠯ, ᠦᠵᠡᠨ; ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠ; Northern Sami: vašši; Norwegian: hat; Occitan: òdi; Old English: hete; Old Norse: hatr; Oromo: jibba; Persian: نفرت, زیغ; Plautdietsch: Hot; Polish: nienawiść; Portuguese: ódio; Quechua: chiqniy; Romanian: ură; Romansch: odi; Russian: ненависть; Sanskrit: द्वेष, घृणा; Scottish Gaelic: gràin, fuath; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: мржња; Roman: mržnja; Slovak: nenávisť, zášť; Slovene: sovraštvo; Sorbian Upper Sorbian: hida; Spanish: odio; Swahili: chuki; Swedish: hat; Tajik: душманӣ, нафрат; Thai: ความเกลียด, ความชัง; Tocharian B: rser, wer; Tok Pisin: pasin birua; Turkish: nefret, iğrenti, tiksinti; Turkmen: ýigrenç; Ukrainian: ненависть; Urdu: گھرنا, گھن, دشمنی, نفرت; Uyghur: نەپرەت; Uzbek: nafratlanish; Vietnamese: sự ghét, sự căm thù; Walloon: haeyeme, hinne; Welsh: casineb; Yiddish: האַס, שׂינאה; Zazaki: zeri mendış, nefret
grudge
Albanian: mëllë; Arabic: بُغْض, ضَغِينَة; Bashkir: үпкә; Bulgarian: недоволство, неприязън; Burmese: အာဃာတ; Catalan: rancor, rancúnia; Chinese Mandarin: 怨恨; Czech: zášť, nevraživost, averze; Danish: nag, uvilje; Dutch: rancune, wrok; Estonian: vimm sg; Finnish: kauna, närä; French: rancune; Galician: xenreira, rancor; German: Groll, Neid; Greek: μνησικακία, άχτι, μανιάτικο; Ancient Greek: κότος, μῖσος; Hiligaynon: kadúmut, kahíkaw; Hindi: डाह; Hungarian: neheztelés, harag, ellenérzés, ellenszenv; Irish: olc, fala; Italian: rancore, risentimento, astio; Japanese: 恨み,怨; Ladino: garez, rankor; Macedonian: горчина, огорченост, злоба, непријателство, лутина; Malay: dendam; Maori: ahikauri, ngaukino; Norwegian Bokmål: nag; Old English: æfþanc; Polish: uraza; Portuguese: rancor, ressentimento; Quechua: chiqniy; Romanian: pică, pizmă, ranchiună; Russian: неприязнь, обида, злоба; Sanskrit: असूया; Serbo-Croatian: kivnost, resentiman, kivnja; Spanish: rencor, manía; Swedish: agg; Tagalog: hinanakit; Telugu: పగ; Turkish: kin, hınç, garez; Welsh: cenfigen, gwenwyn; Yiddish: פֿאַריבל
anger
Afrikaans: drif, toorn, kwaadheid; Aghwan: 𐔼𐕔𐕒𐕡𐕎; Albanian: inat, zemërim, mëri, mnia; Amharic: ቁጣ; Arabic: غَضَب; Egyptian Arabic: نرفزه; Argobba: ቁሻ; Armenian: զայրույթ, բարկություն, ջղայինություն; Assamese: খং; Avar: цим; Azerbaijani: hirs, hiddət, qeyz, qəzəb; Bashkir: асыу; Basque: haserre; Belarusian: гнеў, злосць; Bengali: রাগ; Bikol Central: dagit; Bulgarian: гняв, яд; Catalan: ira, còlera, ràbia, enfat, enuig; Cebuano: kasuko, kapungot; Chinese Mandarin: 發怒／发怒, 忿怒, 火氣／火气, 怒氣／怒气; Cornish: anger, coler, sorr; Czech: vztek, hněv, zlost; Danish: vrede; Dutch: boosheid, woede; Esperanto: kolero; Estonian: viha; Ewe: dzibibi, dzikukpɔkpɔ; Finnish: viha, suuttumus; French: colère, ire, courroux, rage, fureur; Galician: cabuxo, oura, carraxe, asaño, refusía, rebinxe; Georgian: ბრაზი, წყრომა; German: Ärger, Zorn, Wut, Groll, Ingrimm, Grimm, Furor, Jähzorn; Greek: οργή, θυμός, τσαντίλα; Ancient Greek: ἀνυπερθεσία, ἀποθηρίωσις, δυσχερασμός, δυσχέρεια, ἐγκότησις, ἐνθύμιον, θυμός, κότος, μελαγχολία, μελαγχολίη, μένος, μηνίαμα, μήνιμα, μῆνις, μήνισμα, ὀργά, ὀργή, παροργισμός, σκυσμός, χολή, χόλος, ὠδυσίη; Haitian Creole: kòlè; Hebrew: כַּעַס; Hindi: क्रोध, ग़ुस्सा; Hittite: 𒋼𒀀𒁲𒈪𒅀𒊍; Hungarian: harag, düh; Icelandic: reiði; Ido: iraco; Indonesian: amarah; Irish: fearg; Old Irish: ferg; Italian: ira, rabbia, collera; Japanese: 怒り, 忿怒, 怒気; Kannada: ಕೋಪ; Kazakh: ашу, қаһар, зығырдан, зығыр; Khmer: កំហឹង; Korean: 성, 분노(憤怒); Kurdish Central Kurdish: تووڕەیی; Kyrgyz: ачуу, каар; Ladin: sënn; Latgalian: sirdeigums, sirdeiba, dusme, špetneiba; Latin: ira; Latvian: piktums, dusmas; Lithuanian: pyktis; Luxembourgish: Ierger; Macedonian: лутина, гнев; Malay: kemarahan; Malayalam: ദേഷ്യം, കോപം, ക്രോധം; Maori: whakatuma, hīnawanawa, hīkaka; Middle English: anger; Mongolian Cyrillic: уур хилэн; Neapolitan: raggia; Nepali: रिस; Norwegian: sinne; Occitan: ira, colèra, ràbia; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: гнѣвъ; Old English: ierre; Old French: ire; Oromo: aarii; Ottoman Turkish: اوفكه; Persian: خشم, غضب; Plautdietsch: Spiet; Polish: złość, gniew, wkurw; Portuguese: raiva, ira; Quechua: phiña; Romanian: furie, mânie, enervare; Russian: гнев, злость, злоба; Sanskrit: कोप, क्रोध, इरस्; Scots: angir; Scottish Gaelic: fearg, corraich; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: љутња, гне̑в, гње̑в, гнив; Latin: ljútnja, gnȇv, gnjȇv, gniv; Slovak: hnev, zlosť; Slovene: jeza, gnev; Spanish: ira, enfado, enojo, rabia, cólera; Swedish: ilska; Tagalog: galit; Tajik: хашм, ғазаб; Tamil: கோபம்; Telugu: కోపం; Thai: วิโรธ; Tocharian B: tremi; Turkish: öfke, kızgınlık, hiddet; Ukrainian: гнів, злість; Urdu: غصہ; Uyghur: غەزەپ; Uzbek: gʻazab; Vietnamese: mối giận, sự tức giận; Welsh: bâr; West Frisian: grime; Yiddish: רוגז, רוגזה, ירגזון