perdo

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

per-do: dĭdi, ditum, 3 (old form of the
I pres. subj. perduim, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6: perduis, id. Am. 2, 2, 215; id. Capt. 3, 5, 70: perduit, id. Ep. 1, 1, 64; id. Poen. 3, 4, 29; but esp. freq., perduint, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Aul. 4, 10, 55; id. Curc. 5, 3, 41; id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Most. 3, 1, 138; id. Men. 2, 2, 34; 3, 1, 6; 5, 5, 31; id. Merc. 4, 3, 11; 4, 4, 53; id. Poen. 3, 2, 33; 4, 2, 41; id. Stich. 4, 2, 15; id. Truc. 2, 3, 10; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 7; id. Hec. 3, 4, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 73; Cic. Deiot. 7, 21; id. Att. 15, 4, 3.—As the pass. of perdo, only pereo, perditus, perire appear to be in good use.—The only classical example of a pass. form in the pres. is: perditur haec inter misero lux non sine votis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (K. and H. ad loc.), where Lachm., perh. needlessly, reads lux porgitur, the day seems too long for me.—In the pass. perdi, in late Lat.;
v. infra), v. a., to make away with; to destroy, ruin; to squander, dissipate, throw away, waste, lose, etc. (class.; syn.: dissipo, perimo, deleo).
I Lit.: aliquem perditum ire, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 5: Juppiter fruges perdidit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131: funditus civitatem, id. Att. 6, 1, 5: se ipsum penitus, id. Fin. 1, 15, 49: perdere et affligere cives, id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33: perdere et pessundare aliquem, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 3: aliquem capitis, i. e. to charge with a capital offence, id. As. 1, 2, 6; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 86: sumat, consumat, perdat, squander, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; so, perde et peri, Plaut. Truc. 5, 59: perdere et profundere, to waste, Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3: perdere tempus, id. de Or. 3, 36, 146: operam, id. Mur. 10, 23; cf.: oleum et operam, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3: Decius amisit vitam: at non perdidit, Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57: cur perdis adulescentem nobis? cur amat? Cur potat? Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 36.—In execrations (very common): di (deaeque omnes) te perduint, may the gods destroy you! See the passages with perduint cited init.—Pass. (late Lat.): verbis perderis ipse tuis, Prosp. Epigr.: impii de terrā perdentur, Vulg. Prov. 2, 22: quasi sterquilinium in fine perdetur, id. Job, 20, 7.—
II Transf., in gen., to lose utterly or irrecoverably: eos (liberos), Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 3: omnes fructus industriae et fortunae, id. ib. 4, 6, 2: litem, to lose one's cause, id. de Or. 1, 36, 167: libertatem, id. Rab. Post. 9, 24: dextram manum, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104: memoriam, Cic. Sen. 7, 21: causam, id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11: spem, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 3: vitam, Mart. Spect. 13, 2: perii hercle! nomen perdidi, i. e. I have quite forgotten the name, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 39.—Pass. (late Lat.): si principis vita perditur, Amm. 14, 5, 4; Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (v. supra).—Of loss at play: ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere lusor, Ov. A. A. 1, 451; Juv. 1, 93.—Hence, perdĭtus, a, um, P. a., lost, i. e.,
   A Hopeless, desperate, ruined, past recovery (class.; syn. profligatus): perditus sum, i. q. perii, I am lost! Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 6; id. Rud. 5, 1, 3: per fortunas vide, ne puerum perditum perdamus, Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 5: perditus aere alieno, id. Phil. 2, 32, 78: lacrimis ac maerore perditus, id. Mur. 40, 86: tu omnium mortalium perditissime, id. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 64: rebus omnibus perditis, id. Caecin. 31, 90: senatoria judicia, id. Verr. 1, 3, 8: valetudo, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 29.—
   2    In partic., desperately in love; lost, ruined by love (poet.): amore haec perdita est, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 13: in puellā, Prop. 1, 13, 7: amor, Cat. 89, 2.—
   B Lost in a moral sense, abandoned, corrupt, profligate, flagitious, incorrigible: adulescens perditus ac dissolutus, Cic. Tusc. 4, 25, 55: homo contaminatus, perditus, flagitiosus, id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134: abjecti homines et perditi, id. Mil. 18, 47; id. Cat. 1, 6, 9: homo perditā nequitiā, id. Clu. 13, 36: perdita atque dissoluta consilia, id. Agr. 2, 20, 55: luxuriae ac lasciviae perditae, Suet. Calig. 25: nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 42, 13.—Hence, sup.: omnium mortalium perditissimus, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65; Just. 21, 5, 5.—Adv.: perdĭtē.
   1    In an abandoned manner, incorrigibly: se gerere, Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—
   2    Desperately, excessively: amare, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 32: conari, Quint. 2, 12, 5.