ἀσοφία: Difference between revisions
m (LSJ1 replacement) |
m (Text replacement - "Ancient Greek: ἀνοησία, ἀσυνεσία, βλακεία;" to "Ancient Greek: ἀασιφρονία, ἀασιφροσύνη, ἀβελτερία, ἀβελτηρία, ἀεσιφροσύνη...) |
||
Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
Armenian: հիմարություն; Bulgarian: глупост, неразумност; Chichewa: utsiru; Czech: pošetilost; Danish: tåbelighed; Esperanto: malsaĝeco; Finnish: typeryys; French: [[folie]], [[sottise]], [[déraison]]; Galician: tolemia, loucura; German: [[Torheit]], [[Dummheit]], [[Tölpelhaftigkeit]], [[Narrheit]], [[Narrentum]], [[Unverstand]]; Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹; Ancient Greek: [[ἀφροσύνη]], [[μωρία]]; Irish: leibideacht, amadántacht, amlógacht, baothántacht; Italian: [[sciocchezza]], [[stupidità]], [[pazzia]]; Kabuverdianu: jatura; Khmer: ល្បែ; Latin: [[fatuitas]], [[stultitia]]; Latvian: muļķība, neprātība, dumjība; Macedonian: глупост, неразумност; Manx: meecheeall, anchreeaght; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: [[tolice]]; Russian: [[глупость]]; Sardinian: macchìghine, macchìne, bambidudine, scimpròriu; Scottish Gaelic: amaideas; Swahili: upumbavu; Ukrainian: безглуздість, нерозсудливість; Volapük: fop; Yiddish: נאַרישקייט | Armenian: հիմարություն; Bulgarian: глупост, неразумност; Chichewa: utsiru; Czech: pošetilost; Danish: tåbelighed; Esperanto: malsaĝeco; Finnish: typeryys; French: [[folie]], [[sottise]], [[déraison]]; Galician: tolemia, loucura; German: [[Torheit]], [[Dummheit]], [[Tölpelhaftigkeit]], [[Narrheit]], [[Narrentum]], [[Unverstand]]; Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹; Ancient Greek: [[ἀφροσύνη]], [[μωρία]]; Irish: leibideacht, amadántacht, amlógacht, baothántacht; Italian: [[sciocchezza]], [[stupidità]], [[pazzia]]; Kabuverdianu: jatura; Khmer: ល្បែ; Latin: [[fatuitas]], [[stultitia]]; Latvian: muļķība, neprātība, dumjība; Macedonian: глупост, неразумност; Manx: meecheeall, anchreeaght; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: [[tolice]]; Russian: [[глупость]]; Sardinian: macchìghine, macchìne, bambidudine, scimpròriu; Scottish Gaelic: amaideas; Swahili: upumbavu; Ukrainian: безглуздість, нерозсудливість; Volapük: fop; Yiddish: נאַרישקייט | ||
===[[stupidity]]=== | ===[[stupidity]]=== | ||
Arabic: غَبَاء, غَبَاوَة, بَلَاهَة; Hijazi Arabic: غباء, تَخَلُّف, بلاهة, هبالة; Armenian: հիմարություն; Belarusian: дурасць, глупства; Bengali: মূর্খতা; Bulgarian: глупост; Catalan: estupidesa; Chinese Mandarin: 愚蠢; Czech: hloupost; Dutch: [[stomheid]], [[domheid]]; Esperanto: stulteco sg; Finnish: typeryys, älyttömyys; French: [[stupidité]]; German: [[Dummheit]]; Greek: [[ανοησία]], [[βλακεία]], [[ηλιθιότητα]], [[κουταμάρα]], [[μωρία]], [[μωρότητα]], [[χαζομάρα]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀνοησία]], [[ἀσυνεσία]], [[βλακεία]]; Hungarian: butaság; Italian: [[asinata]], [[stupidaggine]], [[fesseria]]; Latvian: stulbums, stulbība, muļķība; Macedonian: глупост; Malay: kebodohan; Malayalam: വിഡ്ഢിത്തം; Navajo: diigis; Occitan: estupiditat; Plautdietsch: Domheit; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: [[estupidez]], [[burrice]]; Romanian: stupiditate, prostie, tâmpenie; Russian: [[глупость]], [[тупость]], [[дурость]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: глупост; Roman: glupost; Slovak: hlúposť; Slovene: neumnost; Spanish: [[estupidez]], [[burricie]], [[tontería]], [[idiotez]], [[cretinez]], [[bobada]], [[necedad]], [[simpleza]], [[memez]], [[bobería]], [[estulticia]], [[majadería]], [[sandez]]; Swahili: ujinga; Swedish: dumhet, enfald; Telugu: జడత్వము, మూర్ఖత్వం, తెలివితక్కువతనం; Ukrainian: дурість, глупство, глупота; Volapük: stup | Arabic: غَبَاء, غَبَاوَة, بَلَاهَة; Hijazi Arabic: غباء, تَخَلُّف, بلاهة, هبالة; Armenian: հիմարություն; Belarusian: дурасць, глупства; Bengali: মূর্খতা; Bulgarian: глупост; Catalan: estupidesa; Chinese Mandarin: 愚蠢; Czech: hloupost; Dutch: [[stomheid]], [[domheid]]; Esperanto: stulteco sg; Finnish: typeryys, älyttömyys; French: [[stupidité]]; German: [[Dummheit]]; Greek: [[ανοησία]], [[βλακεία]], [[ηλιθιότητα]], [[κουταμάρα]], [[μωρία]], [[μωρότητα]], [[χαζομάρα]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀασιφρονία]], [[ἀασιφροσύνη]], [[ἀβελτερία]], [[ἀβελτηρία]], [[ἀεσιφροσύνη]], [[ἀμαθία]], [[ἀμαθίη]], [[ἀναισθησία]], [[ἀναισθησίη]], [[ἀνοησία]], [[ἄνοια]], [[ἀνοίη]], [[ἀξυνεσία]], [[ἀξυνεσίη]], [[ἀπαιδευσία]], [[ἀπαιδευσίη]], [[ἀπαρακολουθησία]], [[ἁπλότης]], [[ἀσοφία]], [[ἀσοφίη]], [[ἀσυνεσία]], [[ἀφραδίη]], [[ἀφρόνευσις]], [[ἀφρόνη]], [[ἀφρόνησις]], [[ἀφροσύνα]], [[ἀφροσύνη]], [[ἀχαριότης]], [[βλακεία]], [[ἐμπληξία]], [[ἐνεότης]], [[ἐξηχία]], [[ἐρεσχελία]], [[ἠλιθιότης]], [[ἡλιθιότης]], [[κακοφροσύνη]], [[κόρυζα]], [[μωρία]], [[τὸ ἀναίσθητον]], [[τὸ ἄφρον]], [[φλυαρία]], [[φλύαρος]], [[φλύος]]; Hungarian: butaság; Italian: [[asinata]], [[stupidaggine]], [[fesseria]]; Latvian: stulbums, stulbība, muļķība; Macedonian: глупост; Malay: kebodohan; Malayalam: വിഡ്ഢിത്തം; Navajo: diigis; Occitan: estupiditat; Plautdietsch: Domheit; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: [[estupidez]], [[burrice]]; Romanian: stupiditate, prostie, tâmpenie; Russian: [[глупость]], [[тупость]], [[дурость]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: глупост; Roman: glupost; Slovak: hlúposť; Slovene: neumnost; Spanish: [[estupidez]], [[burricie]], [[tontería]], [[idiotez]], [[cretinez]], [[bobada]], [[necedad]], [[simpleza]], [[memez]], [[bobería]], [[estulticia]], [[majadería]], [[sandez]]; Swahili: ujinga; Swedish: dumhet, enfald; Telugu: జడత్వము, మూర్ఖత్వం, తెలివితక్కువతనం; Ukrainian: дурість, глупство, глупота; Volapük: stup | ||
===[[folly]]=== | ===[[folly]]=== | ||
Armenian: հիմարություն; Bulgarian: глупост; Dutch: [[dwaasheid]], [[domheid]], [[stommiteit]]; Esperanto: malsaĝeco; Finnish: mielettömyys, hulluus, typeryys; French: [[folie]], [[sottise]]; Galician: folía; German: [[Torheit]], [[Narrheit]], [[Dummheit]], [[Tollheit]], [[Aberwitz]], [[Verrücktheit]]; Gothic: 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹; Ancient Greek: [[ἀασιφρονία]], [[ἀασιφροσύνη]], [[ἀβελτερία]], [[ἀβελτηρία]], [[ἀγνωμοσύνη]], [[ἀεσιφροσύνη]], [[ἀμαθία]], [[ἀμαθίη]], [[ἄνοια]], [[ἀνοίη]], [[ἀπειραγαθία]], [[ἀπόρρευσις]], [[ἀσοφία]], [[ἀσοφίη]], [[ἀσύνετος]], [[ἀφραδία]], [[ἀφραδίη]], [[ἀφρόνη]], [[ἀφρόνησις]], [[ἀφροσύνα]], [[ἀφροσύνη]], [[ἠλιθιότης]], [[κακοφραδία]], [[κακοφραδίη]], [[κακοφροσύνη]], [[ματαιότης]], [[μάτη]], [[ματία]], [[μωρία]], [[μωρίη]], [[τὸ ἄφρον]], [[τὸ μωρόν]], [[τὸ μῶρον]], [[τὸ φρενῶν διαφθαρέν]], [[φρενοβλάβεια]]; Hebrew: אִוֶּלֶת / איוולת; Hungarian: butaság, ostobaság; Irish: díchiall, amaidí; Italian: [[follia]], [[stravaganza]]; Latin: [[stultitia]], [[fatuitas]]; Latvian: neprātība, neprātīgums; Manx: anchreeaght; Plautdietsch: Domheit; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: [[bobeira]]; Romanian: prostie; Russian: [[глупость]], [[недомыслие]], [[дурь]], [[блажь]], [[безрассудство]]; Scottish Gaelic: amaideachd, amaideas; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: лу̏до̄ст; Roman: lȕdōst; Swedish: dåraktighet, dårskap | Armenian: հիմարություն; Bulgarian: глупост; Dutch: [[dwaasheid]], [[domheid]], [[stommiteit]]; Esperanto: malsaĝeco; Finnish: mielettömyys, hulluus, typeryys; French: [[folie]], [[sottise]]; Galician: folía; German: [[Torheit]], [[Narrheit]], [[Dummheit]], [[Tollheit]], [[Aberwitz]], [[Verrücktheit]]; Gothic: 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹; Ancient Greek: [[ἀασιφρονία]], [[ἀασιφροσύνη]], [[ἀβελτερία]], [[ἀβελτηρία]], [[ἀγνωμοσύνη]], [[ἀεσιφροσύνη]], [[ἀμαθία]], [[ἀμαθίη]], [[ἄνοια]], [[ἀνοίη]], [[ἀπειραγαθία]], [[ἀπόρρευσις]], [[ἀσοφία]], [[ἀσοφίη]], [[ἀσύνετος]], [[ἀφραδία]], [[ἀφραδίη]], [[ἀφρόνη]], [[ἀφρόνησις]], [[ἀφροσύνα]], [[ἀφροσύνη]], [[ἠλιθιότης]], [[κακοφραδία]], [[κακοφραδίη]], [[κακοφροσύνη]], [[ματαιότης]], [[μάτη]], [[ματία]], [[μωρία]], [[μωρίη]], [[τὸ ἄφρον]], [[τὸ μωρόν]], [[τὸ μῶρον]], [[τὸ φρενῶν διαφθαρέν]], [[φρενοβλάβεια]]; Hebrew: אִוֶּלֶת / איוולת; Hungarian: butaság, ostobaság; Irish: díchiall, amaidí; Italian: [[follia]], [[stravaganza]]; Latin: [[stultitia]], [[fatuitas]]; Latvian: neprātība, neprātīgums; Manx: anchreeaght; Plautdietsch: Domheit; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: [[bobeira]]; Romanian: prostie; Russian: [[глупость]], [[недомыслие]], [[дурь]], [[блажь]], [[безрассудство]]; Scottish Gaelic: amaideachd, amaideas; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: лу̏до̄ст; Roman: lȕdōst; Swedish: dåraktighet, dårskap |
Revision as of 16:27, 25 January 2024
English (LSJ)
ἡ, folly, stupidity, Plu.Pyrrh.29, Luc.Astr.2; rejected by Poll.4.13.
Spanish (DGE)
-ας, ἡ
• Alolema(s): jón. ἀσοφίη Luc.Astr.2
ignorancia, necedad ἀσοφίαν πολλήν Plu.Pyrrh.29, ἀμουσίη ... ἀ. Luc.l.c., cf. Poll.4.13, Pall.V.Chrys.20 p.146.
German (Pape)
[Seite 372] ἡ, Torheit, von Poll. 4, 13 verworfen.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ας (ἡ) :
folie.
Étymologie: ἄσοφος.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἀσοφία: ἡ безумие, глупость Plut., Luc.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἀσοφία: ἡ, ἔλλειψις σοφίας, ἀνοησία, μωρία, Πλουτ. Πύρρ. 29, Λουκ. Ἀστρολ. 2· ὁ Πολυδ. (Δ΄, 13) δὲν παραδέχεται τὴν λέξιν, «ἄσοφος, εἰ καὶ μή ἐστιν ἡ ἀσοφία».
Greek Monolingual
ἀσοφία, η (Α) άσοφος
η έλλειψη σοφίας, η μωρία, η απερισκεψία.
Greek Monotonic
ἀσοφία: ἡ, απερισκεψία, ηλιθιότητα, σε Πλούτ., Λουκ.
Middle Liddell
ἄσοφος
unwisdom, stupidity, Plut., Luc.
Translations
foolishness
Armenian: հիմարություն; Bulgarian: глупост, неразумност; Chichewa: utsiru; Czech: pošetilost; Danish: tåbelighed; Esperanto: malsaĝeco; Finnish: typeryys; French: folie, sottise, déraison; Galician: tolemia, loucura; German: Torheit, Dummheit, Tölpelhaftigkeit, Narrheit, Narrentum, Unverstand; Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹; Ancient Greek: ἀφροσύνη, μωρία; Irish: leibideacht, amadántacht, amlógacht, baothántacht; Italian: sciocchezza, stupidità, pazzia; Kabuverdianu: jatura; Khmer: ល្បែ; Latin: fatuitas, stultitia; Latvian: muļķība, neprātība, dumjība; Macedonian: глупост, неразумност; Manx: meecheeall, anchreeaght; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: tolice; Russian: глупость; Sardinian: macchìghine, macchìne, bambidudine, scimpròriu; Scottish Gaelic: amaideas; Swahili: upumbavu; Ukrainian: безглуздість, нерозсудливість; Volapük: fop; Yiddish: נאַרישקייט
stupidity
Arabic: غَبَاء, غَبَاوَة, بَلَاهَة; Hijazi Arabic: غباء, تَخَلُّف, بلاهة, هبالة; Armenian: հիմարություն; Belarusian: дурасць, глупства; Bengali: মূর্খতা; Bulgarian: глупост; Catalan: estupidesa; Chinese Mandarin: 愚蠢; Czech: hloupost; Dutch: stomheid, domheid; Esperanto: stulteco sg; Finnish: typeryys, älyttömyys; French: stupidité; German: Dummheit; Greek: ανοησία, βλακεία, ηλιθιότητα, κουταμάρα, μωρία, μωρότητα, χαζομάρα; Ancient Greek: ἀασιφρονία, ἀασιφροσύνη, ἀβελτερία, ἀβελτηρία, ἀεσιφροσύνη, ἀμαθία, ἀμαθίη, ἀναισθησία, ἀναισθησίη, ἀνοησία, ἄνοια, ἀνοίη, ἀξυνεσία, ἀξυνεσίη, ἀπαιδευσία, ἀπαιδευσίη, ἀπαρακολουθησία, ἁπλότης, ἀσοφία, ἀσοφίη, ἀσυνεσία, ἀφραδίη, ἀφρόνευσις, ἀφρόνη, ἀφρόνησις, ἀφροσύνα, ἀφροσύνη, ἀχαριότης, βλακεία, ἐμπληξία, ἐνεότης, ἐξηχία, ἐρεσχελία, ἠλιθιότης, ἡλιθιότης, κακοφροσύνη, κόρυζα, μωρία, τὸ ἀναίσθητον, τὸ ἄφρον, φλυαρία, φλύαρος, φλύος; Hungarian: butaság; Italian: asinata, stupidaggine, fesseria; Latvian: stulbums, stulbība, muļķība; Macedonian: глупост; Malay: kebodohan; Malayalam: വിഡ്ഢിത്തം; Navajo: diigis; Occitan: estupiditat; Plautdietsch: Domheit; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: estupidez, burrice; Romanian: stupiditate, prostie, tâmpenie; Russian: глупость, тупость, дурость; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: глупост; Roman: glupost; Slovak: hlúposť; Slovene: neumnost; Spanish: estupidez, burricie, tontería, idiotez, cretinez, bobada, necedad, simpleza, memez, bobería, estulticia, majadería, sandez; Swahili: ujinga; Swedish: dumhet, enfald; Telugu: జడత్వము, మూర్ఖత్వం, తెలివితక్కువతనం; Ukrainian: дурість, глупство, глупота; Volapük: stup
folly
Armenian: հիմարություն; Bulgarian: глупост; Dutch: dwaasheid, domheid, stommiteit; Esperanto: malsaĝeco; Finnish: mielettömyys, hulluus, typeryys; French: folie, sottise; Galician: folía; German: Torheit, Narrheit, Dummheit, Tollheit, Aberwitz, Verrücktheit; Gothic: 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹; Ancient Greek: ἀασιφρονία, ἀασιφροσύνη, ἀβελτερία, ἀβελτηρία, ἀγνωμοσύνη, ἀεσιφροσύνη, ἀμαθία, ἀμαθίη, ἄνοια, ἀνοίη, ἀπειραγαθία, ἀπόρρευσις, ἀσοφία, ἀσοφίη, ἀσύνετος, ἀφραδία, ἀφραδίη, ἀφρόνη, ἀφρόνησις, ἀφροσύνα, ἀφροσύνη, ἠλιθιότης, κακοφραδία, κακοφραδίη, κακοφροσύνη, ματαιότης, μάτη, ματία, μωρία, μωρίη, τὸ ἄφρον, τὸ μωρόν, τὸ μῶρον, τὸ φρενῶν διαφθαρέν, φρενοβλάβεια; Hebrew: אִוֶּלֶת / איוולת; Hungarian: butaság, ostobaság; Irish: díchiall, amaidí; Italian: follia, stravaganza; Latin: stultitia, fatuitas; Latvian: neprātība, neprātīgums; Manx: anchreeaght; Plautdietsch: Domheit; Polish: głupota; Portuguese: bobeira; Romanian: prostie; Russian: глупость, недомыслие, дурь, блажь, безрассудство; Scottish Gaelic: amaideachd, amaideas; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: лу̏до̄ст; Roman: lȕdōst; Swedish: dåraktighet, dårskap
ignorance
Afrikaans: onkunde; Albanian: injorancë; Arabic: جَهْل, جَهَالَة; Armenian: անգիտություն, տգիտություն; Asturian: inorancia, inoranza; Azerbaijani: cəhalət, zülmət, nadanlıq, avamlıq; Belarusian: неву́цтва, няве́данне; Bulgarian: неве́жество, незна́ние, неве́дение; Catalan: ignorància; Cebuano: katagaw; Cherokee: ᎤᎧᏁᎳ; Chinese Mandarin: 無知, 无知; Czech: neznalost, nevědomost; Danish: uvidenhed; Dutch: onwetendheid, ignorantie, onkunde; Esperanto: nescio; Estonian: teadmatus, asjatundmatus, võhiklikkus, ignorantsus; Faroese: fávitska, fákunna; Finnish: tietämättömyys; French: ignorance; Galician: ignorancia; Georgian: უვიცობა; German: Unwissenheit, Unwissen, Nichtwissen; Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹; Greek: άγνοια; Ancient Greek: ἀβλεψία, ἀγνόημα, ἀγνοησία, ἀγνόησις, ἀγνοία, ἄγνοια, ἀγνοίη, ἀγνωμοσύνη, ἀγνωσία, ἀγνωσίη, ἀδαημονία, ἀδαημονίη, ἀδαημοσύνη, ἀδήνεια, ἀδμωλή, ἀδμωλία, ἀϊδρεΐα, ἀϊδρείη, ἀϊδρεΐη, ἀϊδρηίη, ἀϊδρηΐη, ἀϊδρίη, ἀμάθεια, ἀμαθία, ἀμαθίη, ἀμυδρά, ἀνεπιγνωμοσύνη, ἀνεπιστημοσύνη, ἀνηκοΐα, ἀνοησία, ἀνοητία, ἀπαιδευσία, ἀπαιδευσίη, ἀπαιδία, ἀπειραγαθία, ἀπειρία, ἀσοφία, δύσγνοια, δυσσυνεσία, σκότος, τὸ ἀβασάνιστον, τὸ ἀνεπιστῆμον; Gujarati: અજ્ઞાન, અવિદ્યા; Hebrew: בּוּרוּת; Hindi: अज्ञान, अविद्या, बेखबरी, नासमझी, नादानी, बेसमझी; Hungarian: tudatlanság; Icelandic: fáfræði, fáviska, vanþekking, þekkingarleysi, fákunnátta, vankunnátta; Ido: nesavo; Inari Sami: tietimettumvuotâ; Indonesian: ketidaktahuan; Interlingua: inscientia; Irish: aineolas, ainbhios; Italian: ignoranza; Japanese: 無知; Kannada: ಅಜ್ಞಾನ; Khmer: ភាពល្ងង់ខ្លៅ; Korean: 무지; Kurdish Central Kurdish: نەزانی; Northern Kurdish: nezanî; Kyrgyz: билбестик; Latin: ignorantia; Latvian: nezināšana; Lithuanian: nežinojimas; Lun Bawang: falung; Macedonian: незнаење; Malagasy: tsifahalalana; Malayalam: അജ്ഞത; Manx: neufys, neuhoiggaltys; Maore Comorian: ujinga; Maori: kūaretanga; Ngazidja Comorian: udjinga; Northern Sami: diehtemeahttunvuohta; Norwegian Bokmål: uvitenhet or; Occitan: ignorància; Old English: nytennes; Oriya: ଅଜ୍ଞତା; Persian: جهل, جهالت, نادانی; Polish: ignorancja, niewiedza, nieuctwo, nieznajomość, nieświadomość; Portuguese: ignorância; Punjabi: ਬੇਖ਼ਬਰ, ਬੇਸਮਝ, ਨਦਾਨ, ਅਣਜਾਣ, ਅਗਿਆਨ; Romanian: ignoranță; Russian: невежество, неведение, незнание, неосведомлённость; Sanskrit: अज्ञान, अविद्या; Scottish Gaelic: ainfhios, ainfhiosrachd, aineolas; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: незнање; Roman: neznanje; Skolt Sami: tieʹđǩanivuõtt; Slovak: neznalosť, nevedomosť; Slovene: nevednost; Spanish: ignorancia; Swahili: ujinga; Swedish: okunnighet, ignorans, okunskap; Tagalog: kamangmangan, ignoransiya; Tamil: அறியாமை; Telugu: నేరమి, అజ్ఞానం, అజ్ఞానము; Thai: ความไม่รู้; Turkish: cehalet, bilgisizlik; Ukrainian: неві́гластво, неу́цтво, незнання́; Urdu: اگیان; Vietnamese: sự thiếu hiểu biết, sự dốt nát; Welsh: anwybodaeth; Yiddish: אומוויסנהײַט