μηδέ: Difference between revisions

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Σιγή ποτ' ἐστὶν αἱρετωτέρα λόγου → Sometimes silence is preferable to words → Est ubi loquelā melius est silentium → Das Schweigen ist dem Reden manchmal vorzuziehn

Menander, Monostichoi, 477
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{{StrongGR
{{StrongGR
|strgr=from μή and δέ; [[but]] [[not]], [[not]] [[even]]; in a continued [[negation]], [[nor]]: [[neither]], [[nor]] ([[yet]]), (no) [[not]] ([[once]], so [[much]] as).
|strgr=from μή and δέ; [[but]] [[not]], [[not]] [[even]]; in a continued [[negation]], [[nor]]: [[neither]], [[nor]] ([[yet]]), (no) [[not]] ([[once]], so [[much]] as).
}}
{{Thayer
|txtha=(μή, [[which]] [[see]], and δέ) (from [[Homer]] [[down]]), a [[negative]] disjunctive [[conjunction]]; (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 55,6; Buttmann, § 149,13);<br /><b class="num">1.</b> used in continuing a [[negation]] or [[prohibition]], [[but]] [[not]], and [[not]], [[neither]]; preceded by μή — [[either]] so [[that]] the [[two]] negatives [[have]] [[one]] [[verb]] in [[common]]: preceded by μή [[with]] a participle, μή [[with]] a [[present]] subjunctive, L marginal [[reading]] [[present]] indicative); μή [[with]] [[imperative]], μή [[with]] an aorist subjunctive 2nd [[person]] plural, [[εἰς]] τό μή, L T Tr WH; — or so [[that]] [[μηδέ]] has its [[own]] [[verb]]: preceded by ὅς [[ἐάν]] (ἄν) μή, [[ἵνα]] μή, [[ὅπως]] μή, μή [[with]] a participle, μή [[with]] [[imperative]], μηδενί ἐπιτίθει, followed by [[μηδέ]] [[with]] [[imperative]] μή [[with]] 2nd [[person]] of the aorist subjunctive, [[μηδέ]] [[with]] an aorist subjunctive T reads μή for the [[first]] [[μηδέ]], T WH Tr marginal [[reading]] [[omit]] the [[second]] [[clause]]); [[after]] μηδένα [[with]] an aorist subjunctive, Tdf. repeats μηδένα); [[μηδέ]] ... [[μηδέ]] [[with]] 1st [[person]] plural [[present]] subjunctive, [[παραγγέλλω]] followed by μή [[with]] inf ... [[μηδέ]] [[with]] an infinitive, [[καλόν]] τό μή ... [[μηδέ]] [[with]] an infinitive [[μήπω]] [[with]] the genitive [[absolute]], [[εἰς]] τό μή, [[μηδέ]] is [[repeated]] [[several]] times in a [[negative]] [[exhortation]] [[after]] [[εἰς]] τό μή in [[not]] [[even]] (Latin ne ... quidem): [[with]] an infinitive [[after]] ἔγραψα, [[ὥστε]], R G T [[badly]] [[μήτε]] (cf. Winer s Grammar, 489f (456); Buttmann, pp. 367,369)); [[with]] a [[present]] [[imperative]], 2 Thessalonians 3:10.
}}
}}

Revision as of 17:59, 28 August 2017

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: μηδέ Medium diacritics: μηδέ Low diacritics: μηδέ Capitals: ΜΗΔΕ
Transliteration A: mēdé Transliteration B: mēde Transliteration C: mide Beta Code: mhde/

English (LSJ)

(μή, δέ) neg. Particle (cf. οὐδέ):    A as Conj., and not (Ep. also, but not), nor, connecting two whole clauses, used with the same constructions as μή, μή τι σὺ ταῦτα . . διείρεο μηδὲ μετάλλα Il.1.550, etc.: without a neg. preceding, 4.302, etc.; τεκνοῦσθαι, μηδ' ἄπαιδα θνῄσκειν A.Ag.754 (lyr.), cf. Eu.714, Supp.409; ὕδατος, μελίσσης, μηδὲ προσφέρειν μέθυ S.OC481, cf. Th.7.77.    2 in μηδέ . . μηδέ . . the first μ. may belong to μηδέ A, e.g. Il.4.303 sq., or to μηδέ B, e.g. Pl.R.391c; μήτε . . μηδέ Pi.I.2.45, Pl.Prt.327d; but μήτε cannot follow μηδέ:—for μηδέ after οὐδέ, v. οὐ A.11.3.    B as Adv., joined with a single word or phrase, not even, not either, Il.21.375, Od.4.710, etc.; repeated emphatically, μηδ' ὅντινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι μηδ' ὃς φύγοι let not the babe unborn —no let not even it escape, Il.6.58; τὸ μήποτ' αὖθις μηδ' ἀναστῆναι A. Ag.569:—for μηδέ τι v. μήτις.

German (Pape)

[Seite 170] (vgl. οὐδέ), eigtl. aber nicht, wenn an einen positiven Satz ein negativer angereiht wird, νῦν μὲν δαινύμενοι τερπώμεθα μηδὲ βοητὺς ἔστω, Od. 1, 369, öfter; auch μηδέ τε, Il. 22, 185. Ueber die Schreibung μὴ δὲ vgl. Schäfer in Bast ep. crit. app. p. 29. – Gewöhnl. = u ndnicht, auchnicht, nichteinmal (vgl. οὐδέ u. μή); von καὶ μή, und zwar nicht, unterschieden, Od. 4, 710 Il. 21, 375 u. öfter; mit nachdrücklicher Wiederholung, μηδ' ὅντινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ' ὃς φύγοι, nicht einmal wen die Mutter im Leibe trägt, auch der nicht entrinne, 6, 56; auch wo es doppelt steht, unterscheidet es sich von μήτεμήτε, indem das zweite Satzglied als etwas Neues hinzutritt und nicht schon durch das erste verlangt ist, die wechselseitige Beziehung der beiden Satztheile also nicht hervorgehoben ist, μηδέ τις ἱπποσύνῃ τε καὶ ἠνορέηφι πεποιθὼς οἶος πρόσθ' ἄλλων μεμάτω Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι μηδ' ἀναχωρείτω, es soll auch keiner allein kämpfen, – und auch nicht zurückgehen, 4, 303 ff., vgl. 21, 338. 24, 152; καὶ μηδὲ σαυτῆς ἐκμαθεῖν ζήτει πόνους, auch nicht, Aesch. Prom. 778, öfter, wie bei den andern Tragg., bei Ar. u. in Prosa, beim Verbot, wie μή c. imper. praes. oder conj. aor., σὺ δ' ἡσύχαζε μηδ' ἄγαν λαβροστόμει, Aesch. Prom. 327, μηδέ μοι φθονήσῃς, 585, αὔθ' ἕκαστ' ἔκφραζε, μηδέ μοι δι πλᾶς ὁδοὺς προσβάλῃς, 952; πέμψον τινὰ στελοῦντα μηδὲ τοῦτ' ἀφῇς, Soph. O. R. 860; c. conj. praes., μηδ' ἔτι Νείλου προχοὰς σέβωμεν, Aesch. Suppl. 1003, u. imper. aor., καὶ νῦν ἔασον μηδέ σοι μελησάτω, Prom. 332, vgl. Suppl. 663. – Μηδ' ὁτιοῦν, auch nicht irgend Etwas, Plat. Polit. 300 o; μηδὲ τὸ παράπαν, gar nicht, ganz und gar nicht, Prot. 334 a; μηδὲ ἀρχήν, überhaupt nicht, Gorg. 478 c; μηδὲ εἷς, μηδὲ ἕτερος, nachdrücklicher als μηδείς, μηδέτερος, auch nicht Einer, wo μηδέ nie durch Elision sein ε verliert und durch Präpositionen und andere Partikeln vom εἷς getrennt werden kann; so καὶ μηδ' ὑφ' ἑνὸς ἄλλου, Conv. 222 d, μηδ' ὑπὸ μιᾶς ἄρχεσθαι τῶν ἡδονῶν, Alc. I, 122 a, ὁπότε μηδ' ὑφ' ἑνὸς ἀπόλλυται κακοῦ, Rep. X, 610 e. – Wenn es zu Sätzen tritt, die mit μήτεμήτε verbunden sind, so hebt es wie unser auch nicht, nicht einmal, das Folgende nachdrücklicher hervor, als dies bei einer Gleichstellung mit μήτε der Fall sein könnte, οἷς μήτε παιδεία ἐστί, μήτε νόμοι, μηδὲ ἀνάγκη μηδεμία, ja nicht einmal ein Bedürfniß, Plat. Prot. 327 d, vgl. Men. 96 c. – So sind auch die Fälle zu beurtheilen, wo nur einmal μήτε steht und es diesem zu entsprechen, also geradezu für μήτε zu stehen scheint, μή νυν, ὅτι φθονεραὶ θνατῶν φρένας ἀμφικρέμανται ἐλπίδες μήτ' ἀρετάν ποτε σιγάτω πατρῴαν, μηδὲ τούσδ' ὔμνους, wo wir es noch auch übersetzen, Pind. I. 2, 43 ff.; etwas anders Soph. Phil. 760, ἐφίεμαι ἑκόντα μήτ' ἄκοντα μηδέ τῳ τέχνῃ μεθεῖναι, wo vor ἑκόντα ein zweites μήτε zu ergänzen ist.

French (Bailly abrégé)

1 particule nég. correspondant à οὐδέ dans les propos. et dans les cas où la nég. μή s’emploie à la place de οὐ : ni;
2 adv. pas même (lat. ne… quidem).
Étymologie: μή, δέ.

English (Autenrieth)

but not. and not, nor, not even, not at all; μηδέ always introduces an additional negation, after some negative idea has already been expressed or implied. It is never a correlative word; if more than one μηδέ occurs at the beginning of successive clauses, the first μηδέ refers to some previous negative idea just as much as the second one or the third one does; μηδέ τις.. οἶος μεμάτω μάχεσθαι, μηδ' ἀναχωρείτω, Il. 4.303; here the first μηδέ means and not, nor, the direct quotation being regarded as a continuation of what precedes in the indirect form. Usually μηδέ at the beginning of a sentence means not even or not at all. For the difference between μηδέ and οὐδέ, see μή. See also οὐδέ, fin.

English (Slater)

μηδέ
   1 and not, nor
   a in principal cl., c. impv. “ἰόντων δ' ἀγγελίαι μηδὲ Νηρέος θυγάτηρ νεικέων πέταλα δὶς ἐγγυαλιζέτω ἄμμιν” (I. 8.42) preceded by a neg., μηκέτ' ἀελίου σκόπει ἄλλο θαλπνότερον ἐν ἁμέρᾳ φαεννὸν ἄστρον μηδ Ὀλυμπίας ἀγῶνα φέρτερον αὐδάσομεν (O. 1.7) μή νυν μήτ' ἀρετάν ποτε σιγάτω πατρῴαν, μηδὲ τούσδ ὕμνους (I. 2.45) fragg. μηδ' ἀμαύρου τέρψιν ἐν βίῳ fr. 126. 1.
   b in subord. cl.
   I rel., preceded by neg. κωφὸς ἀνήρ τις, ὃς Ἡρακλεῖ στόμα μὴ περιβάλλει, μηδὲ Διρκαίων ὑδάτων ἀὲ μέμναται (P. 9.88)
   II c. inf., preceding neg. to be supplied. ἐγγυάσομαι ὔμμιν φυγόξεινον στρατὸν μηδ' ἀπείρατον καλῶν ἀκρόσοφόν τε καὶ αἰχματὰν ἀφίξεσθαι (ὔμμιν coni. de Jongh e Σ: μή μιν codd.: μὴ μὲν Hartung: μηδ codd.: μήτ coni. Bergk) (O. 11.18)

English (Strong)

from μή and δέ; but not, not even; in a continued negation, nor: neither, nor (yet), (no) not (once, so much as).

English (Thayer)

(μή, which see, and δέ) (from Homer down), a negative disjunctive conjunction; (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 55,6; Buttmann, § 149,13);
1. used in continuing a negation or prohibition, but not, and not, neither; preceded by μή — either so that the two negatives have one verb in common: preceded by μή with a participle, μή with a present subjunctive, L marginal reading present indicative); μή with imperative, μή with an aorist subjunctive 2nd person plural, εἰς τό μή, L T Tr WH; — or so that μηδέ has its own verb: preceded by ὅς ἐάν (ἄν) μή, ἵνα μή, ὅπως μή, μή with a participle, μή with imperative, μηδενί ἐπιτίθει, followed by μηδέ with imperative μή with 2nd person of the aorist subjunctive, μηδέ with an aorist subjunctive T reads μή for the first μηδέ, T WH Tr marginal reading omit the second clause); after μηδένα with an aorist subjunctive, Tdf. repeats μηδένα); μηδέ ... μηδέ with 1st person plural present subjunctive, παραγγέλλω followed by μή with inf ... μηδέ with an infinitive, καλόν τό μή ... μηδέ with an infinitive μήπω with the genitive absolute, εἰς τό μή, μηδέ is repeated several times in a negative exhortation after εἰς τό μή in not even (Latin ne ... quidem): with an infinitive after ἔγραψα, ὥστε, R G T badly μήτε (cf. Winer s Grammar, 489f (456); Buttmann, pp. 367,369)); with a present imperative, 2 Thessalonians 3:10.