ignavus
ὑμῖν ἔξεστι εὐδαίμοσι γενέσθαι → to you it is permitted to be joyful, it is permitted to be happy, it is permitted to be fortunate, vobis licet esse beatis
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
ignāvus: a, um, adj. in-gnavus, navus,
I inactive, lazy, slothful, idle, sluggish, listless, without spirit, cowardly, dastardly (syn.: iners, socors; opp.: strenuus, alacer, fortis).
I Lit., of living beings (freq. and class.): homines, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 49: si non fecero Ei male aliquo pacto, me esse dicito ignavissimum, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 27: quid ergo ille ignavissumus mi latitabat? id. Trin. 4, 2, 82; 1, 2, 128; id. Poen. 4, 2, 24: homo inertior, ignavior, magis vir inter mulieres proferri non potest, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192: ignavus miles ac timidus, id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.: compertum habeo, milites neque ex ignavo strenuum neque fortem ex timido exercitum oratione imperatoris fieri, Sall. C. 58, 1: feroces et inquieti inter socios, ignavi et imbelles inter hostes, Liv. 26, 2, 11: ignavissimus ac fugacissimus hostis, id. 5, 28, 8: ignavissimi homines (opp.: fortissimi viri), Sall. C. 12 fin.: canis Ignavus adversum lupos, Hor. Epod. 6, 2: (apes) Ignavaeque fame et contracto frigore pigrae, Verg. G. 4, 259: ignavum, fucos, pecus a praesepibus arcent, id. A. 1, 435: genus ignavum quod lecto gaudet, Juv. 7, 105.— Subst.: cedentibus ignavis et imbecillis, Cic. Rep. 1, 32: in bello poena ignavis ab imperatoribus constituitur, id. Caecin. 16, 46: in victoria vel ignavis gloriari licet, adversae res etiam bonos detractant, Sall. J. 53 fin.; cf.: gloriam, honorem, imperium bonus ignavus aeque sibi exoptant, id. C. 11, 2: favimus ignavo, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 73.—
(b) With gen.: legiones operum et laboris ignavae, Tac. A. 11, 18; cf.: possis ignavus haberi et subiti casus improvidus, si, etc., Juv. 3, 272.
II Transf.
A Of inanim. and abstr. things (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose): quae vitia non sunt senectutis, sed inertis, ignavae, somniculosae senectutis, Cic. de Sen. 11, 36: nemora, i. e. unfruitful, Verg. G. 2, 208: globus, i. e. immovable, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 33; cf. gravitas, Ov. M. 2, 821: stagna jacentis aquae, Luc. 5, 442: ignavo stupuerunt verba palato, i. e. speechless, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 47: mora, id. A. A. 1, 186: anni, spent in idleness, id. Am. 1, 15, 1; cf. otia, id. Tr. 1, 7, 25: septima lux, i. e. the Jewish Sabbath, Juv. 14, 106: ignavum conferunt stipendium, only money, not soldiers, arms, etc., Vell. 2, 39, 1: sucus meconium vocatur, multum opio ignavior, weaker, less efficacious, Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202: quorundam flos tantum jucundus, reliquae partes ignavae, ut violae ac rosae, without smell, id. 21, 7, 18, § 37: cornicula ante oculos ignava, i. e. of no use, id. 11, 28, 34, § 100: ignavum est rediturae parcere vitae, Luc. 1, 492.—
B Of things that produce inactivity or indolence, that renders slothful or inactive: nec nos impediet illa ignava ratio, quae dicitur: appellatur enim quidam a philosophis ἀργὸς λόγος, cui si pareamus, nihil omnino agamus in vita. Sic enim interrogant: Si fatum tibi est, etc.... Recte genus hoc interrogationis ignavum et iners nominatum est, quod eadem ratione omnis e vita tolletur actio, relaxing, Cic. Fat. 12, 28 sq.: frigus, Ov. M. 2, 763: aestus, id. ib. 7, 529: dolor, Plin. 11, 18, 20, § 64.—Hence, adv. in two forms, ignāvē and ignā-vĭter.
(a) Ignave, sluggishly, slothfully, without spirit: ne quid abjecte, ne quid timide, ne quid ignave, ne quid serviliter muliebriterve faciamus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 55: dicere multa, flatly, tamely, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 67.—
(b) Ignaviter, lazily, sluggishly, tardily: ignaviter quaerere, Lucil. ap. Non. 513, 14; Quadrig. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2.—
b Comp.: carpere ignavius herbas, Verg. G. 3, 465.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
ignāvus,⁹ a, um (in et gnavus),
1 sans activité, indolent, mou, paresseux : iners, ignava senectus Cic. CM 36, une vieillesse inerte et indolente ; homo ignavior Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 192, un homme plus apathique || ignavissimus ad muniendum hostis Liv. 9, 4, 8, ennemi très mou pour ce qui regarde les retranchements, cf. Tac. Ann. 2, 78 || [avec gén.] : legiones operum et laboris ignavæ Tac. Ann. 11, 18, légions paresseuses pour tout ce qui est travaux et fatigues
2 sans cœur, lâche, poltron : ignavus miles ac timidus Cic. Tusc. 2, 54, le soldat lâche et craintif ; ignavissumi homines... fortissumi viri Sall. C. 12, 5, les gens les plus lâches... les hommes les plus courageux ; ignavus animo, procax ore Tac. H. 2, 23, lâche de cœur, hardi de parole || [pris substt] ignavi Cic. Cæc. 46, les lâches
3 [fig.] sans force, sans vertu, improductif : ignava nemora Virg. G. 2, 208, bosquets inutiles ; sucus ignavus Plin. 20, 202, suc sans vertu, sans action || inerte : gravitas ignava Ov. M. 2, 821, une pesanteur inerte, impossible à mouvoir, cf. Plin. 2, 33
4 qui engourdit, qui rend mou : ignavum frigus Ov. M. 2, 763, le froid qui engourdit ; ignavus æstus Ov. M. 7, 529, la chaleur amollissante || ignava ratio (ἀργός λόγος) Cic. Fato 28, raisonnement paresseux, qui supprime toute action ; genus interrogationis ignavum atque iners nominatum est Cic. Fato 29, on a appelé paresseux et inerte ce genre d’interrogation.
Latin > German (Georges)
ī-gnāvus, a, um (in u. gnavus), Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl., I) lässig, träge, ohne Energie, untüchtig, faul, bequem, ein Faulpelz (Taugenichts), 1) eig.: a) im allg. (Ggstz. strenuus, industrius), senectus, Cic.: apes, Verg.: anni, Ov.: homo ignavior, Cic.: te sene senum omnium neminem esse ignaviorem, Plaut.: homo ignavissimus, Cic.: poëta ignavissimus, höchst elender, Gell.: ille ignavissimus, Erztaugenichts, Erzschuft, Plaut.: si non fecero ei male aliquo pacto, me esse dicito ignavissimum, Plaut. – m. ad u. Akk., haud ignavus ad ministeria belli iuvenis, Tac. ann. 2, 78: ignavissimus ad opera ac muniendum hostis, Liv. 9, 4, 8. – mit Genet., legiones operum et laboris ignavae, Tac. ann. 11, 18. – m. Infin., et ignavus rediturae parcere vitae, Lucan. 1, 462. – b) insbes., feig, feigherzig (Ggstz. fortis, strenuus, bonus, aber auch audens, ferox), ignavus miles et timidus, Cic. (vgl. illis timidis et ignavis esse licet, qui etc., Liv.): strenuus aut ignavus miles, Liv.: canis, Hor.: hostis ignavissimus, Liv. – m. Abl. loc., ut quisque ignavus animo, procax ore, Tac. hist. 2, 23. – mit in u. Akk., ferox in suos, ignavus in hostes, Amm. 22, 4, 7. – subst., īgnāvus, ī, m., der Feige, Feigling, die Memme, Sall.: Plur., Cic. u.a. – 2) übtr., v. Lebl.: a) übh. = untätig, kraftlos, fade, gravitas, unbeweglich, Verg.: so auch globus, Plin.: partes, ohne Kraft, ohne Geruch, Plin.: cornicula, ohne Nutzen, ohne Gebrauch, Plin.: sucus, unwirksam, Plin.: nemus, unfruchtbar, Verg.: lux, Tag, an dem man untätig ist, Iuven.: ne illa quidem significationis eiusdem repetitio ignava et frigida videri debet, darf uns fade (nichtssagend) und matt erscheinen, Gell.: ego odi homines ignavā operā, unnützer, brotloser, Pacuv. fr.: Galliae ignavum conferunt stipendium, in Trägheit u. Feigheit, Vell. – b) insbes., dem Geschmack nach fade, ungenießbar, diluti salis et fellis ignavi, Auson. epist. 11. praef. p. 170, 3 Schenkl: m. Abl., quaeque gustu ignava sunt et quae sapore tristia, Auson. epist. 15, 7. p. 173 Schenkl. – II) aktiv = träge machend, frigus, aestus, Ov.: dolor, Plin.: dah. ratio (ἀργος λογος), Vernunftschluß von dem Verhängnisse, der die Menschen träge machen muß, Cic.: so auch genus interrogationis, Cic.