barbarus: Difference between revisions
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|lnetxt=barbarus barbara -um, barbarior -or -us, barbarissimus -a -um ADJ :: foreign, of/used by/typical of foreigners; cruel, savage; uncivilized, uncouth<br />barbarus barbarus barbari N M :: barbarian, uncivilized person; foreigner (not Greek/Roman) | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>barbărus</b>: a, um (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. m. [[barbarum]], Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = [[βάρβαρος]] [cf. [[barrio]]; [[balo]], [[balbus]]; [[blatio]].<br /><b>I</b> Prop., [[foreign]], [[strange]], [[barbarous]], opp. to Greek or Roman.<br /> <b>A</b> In gen.: [[hospes]], Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25: mixta facit Graiis [[barbara]] [[turba]] metum, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6: reges, id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in [[barbarum]], adverb., in the [[manner]] or according to the [[custom]] of foreigners or barbarians: [[civitas]] [[potens]], [[neque]] in [[barbarum]] corrupta, Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a [[foreigner]], [[stranger]], [[barbarian]]: [[sin]] hoc et [[ratio]] doctis et [[necessitas]] barbaris praescripsit, Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157: quo [[neque]] [[noster]] adit [[quisquam]], nec [[barbarus]] audet, Lucr. 6, 37: [[quippe]] [[simul]] nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30: barbarorum soli [[prope]] [[Germani]] singulis uxoribus contenti, Tac. G. 18: [[barbari]] praestabant non modicam humanitatem, Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—<br /> <b>B</b> Esp., of a [[particular]] [[people]], in opp. to Greek or Roman or [[both]]; cf.: Romanus Graiusque ac [[barbarus]] induperator, Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: [[barbaria]], [[barbaricus]], and Fest. s. v. [[barbari]], p. 36 Müll.).<br /> <b>1</b> (In the [[mouth]] of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin ([[never]] so used by the Romans): nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40: i, stultior es barbaro Poticio, id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut [[tantum]] barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (φ) adhibere, aut [[recto]] casu [[Graece]] loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,<br /> <b>b</b> In the [[mouth]] of a Macedonian: cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis [[bellum]] est eritque, Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,<br /> <b>c</b> In [[reference]] to the inhabitants of [[Pontus]]: [[barbarus]] hic ego [[sum]], [[quia]] non intellegor ulli, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—<br /> <b>2</b> Phrygian: [[tibia]], Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.: sonante mixtum tibiis [[carmen]] lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis [[barbarum]], Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—<br /> <b>3</b> Persian, a Persian: solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the [[king]] of the Persians is called [[barbarus]], Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3; and [[high]] officers of the [[king]], [[barbari]], id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.: Romanum [[agmen]] ad similitudinem [[barbari]] [[incessus]] convertere, Tac. A. 3, 33.—<br /> <b>4</b> In gen., for [[any]] [[hostile]] [[people]] ([[among]] the Romans, [[after]] the Aug. [[age]], esp. the German tribes, as, [[among]] the Greeks, [[after]] the Persian [[war]], the Persians): [[opinio]], quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5: ut sunt fluxioris fidei [[barbari]], id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; [[even]] of the Dassaretians, a Greek [[people]], Liv. 31, 33, 5; [[while]] the Romans did not [[elsewhere]] [[use]] [[barbarus]] for Greek.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., [[foreign]], [[strange]], in [[mind]] or [[character]].<br /> <b>A</b> In [[mind]], [[uncultivated]], [[ignorant]]; [[rude]], [[unpolished]]: qui aliis [[inhumanus]] ac [[barbarus]], [[isti]] uni [[commodus]] ac [[disertus]] videretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23: ecqua [[civitas]] est... aut tam [[potens]] aut tam libera aut [[etiam]] tam inmanis ac [[barbara]], etc., id. ib. 2, 4, 11, § 24: nationes, Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27: [[Maroboduus]]... natione [[magis]] [[quam]] ratione [[barbarus]], Vell. 2, 108, 2.—Comp., of verses: non sunt [[illa]] suo barbariora [[loco]], Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—<br /> <b>B</b> Of [[character]], [[wild]], [[savage]], [[cruel]], [[barbarous]]: [[neque]] tam [[barbari]] linguā et natione [[illi]], [[quam]] tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112: [[immanis]] ac [[barbara]] [[consuetudo]] hominum immolandorum, id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21: [[gens]], id. Sull. 27, 76: homines, id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81: [[homo]], id. ib. 2, 5, 57, § 148: [[pirata]], id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146: praedones, id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48: tollite [[barbarum]] Morem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 2: [[Medea]], id. Epod. 5, 61: [[domina]], id. C. 3, 27, 66: libidines, id. ib. 4, 12, 7: [[ignis]], Ov. M. 14, 574: [[populus]], Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.— * Comp.: sacra barbariora, Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in [[use]].—Hence, adv.: barbărē.<br /> <b>A</b> Prop., as a [[foreigner]] would, in a [[foreign]] [[tongue]]: [[Demophilus]] scripsit; [[Marcus]] vortit [[barbare]], i. e. [[into]] Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. [[barbarus]], I. B. 1. —<br /> <b>B</b> Transf.<br /> <b>a</b> Rudely, [[ignorantly]], in an [[uncultivated]] [[way]]: si grammaticum se [[professus]] [[quispiam]] [[barbare]] loqueretur, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12: ut is, a quo insolenter [[quid]] aut [[minaciter]] aut [[crudeliter]] [[dictum]] [[sit]], [[barbare]] [[locutus]] existimetur, Quint. 1, 5, 9: tota [[saepe]] theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse [[barbare]] scimus, id. 1, 6, 45.—<br /> <b>b</b> Rudely, roughly, [[barbarously]], [[cruelly]]: [[dulcia]] [[barbare]] Laedentem oscula, Hor. C. 1, 13, 15: [[ferociter]] et [[barbare]] facere, Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2. | |lshtext=<b>barbărus</b>: a, um (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. m. [[barbarum]], Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = [[βάρβαρος]] [cf. [[barrio]]; [[balo]], [[balbus]]; [[blatio]].<br /><b>I</b> Prop., [[foreign]], [[strange]], [[barbarous]], opp. to Greek or Roman.<br /> <b>A</b> In gen.: [[hospes]], Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25: mixta facit Graiis [[barbara]] [[turba]] metum, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6: reges, id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in [[barbarum]], adverb., in the [[manner]] or according to the [[custom]] of foreigners or barbarians: [[civitas]] [[potens]], [[neque]] in [[barbarum]] corrupta, Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a [[foreigner]], [[stranger]], [[barbarian]]: [[sin]] hoc et [[ratio]] doctis et [[necessitas]] barbaris praescripsit, Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157: quo [[neque]] [[noster]] adit [[quisquam]], nec [[barbarus]] audet, Lucr. 6, 37: [[quippe]] [[simul]] nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30: barbarorum soli [[prope]] [[Germani]] singulis uxoribus contenti, Tac. G. 18: [[barbari]] praestabant non modicam humanitatem, Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—<br /> <b>B</b> Esp., of a [[particular]] [[people]], in opp. to Greek or Roman or [[both]]; cf.: Romanus Graiusque ac [[barbarus]] induperator, Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: [[barbaria]], [[barbaricus]], and Fest. s. v. [[barbari]], p. 36 Müll.).<br /> <b>1</b> (In the [[mouth]] of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin ([[never]] so used by the Romans): nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40: i, stultior es barbaro Poticio, id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut [[tantum]] barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (φ) adhibere, aut [[recto]] casu [[Graece]] loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,<br /> <b>b</b> In the [[mouth]] of a Macedonian: cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis [[bellum]] est eritque, Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,<br /> <b>c</b> In [[reference]] to the inhabitants of [[Pontus]]: [[barbarus]] hic ego [[sum]], [[quia]] non intellegor ulli, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—<br /> <b>2</b> Phrygian: [[tibia]], Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.: sonante mixtum tibiis [[carmen]] lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis [[barbarum]], Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—<br /> <b>3</b> Persian, a Persian: solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the [[king]] of the Persians is called [[barbarus]], Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3; and [[high]] officers of the [[king]], [[barbari]], id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.: Romanum [[agmen]] ad similitudinem [[barbari]] [[incessus]] convertere, Tac. A. 3, 33.—<br /> <b>4</b> In gen., for [[any]] [[hostile]] [[people]] ([[among]] the Romans, [[after]] the Aug. [[age]], esp. the German tribes, as, [[among]] the Greeks, [[after]] the Persian [[war]], the Persians): [[opinio]], quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5: ut sunt fluxioris fidei [[barbari]], id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; [[even]] of the Dassaretians, a Greek [[people]], Liv. 31, 33, 5; [[while]] the Romans did not [[elsewhere]] [[use]] [[barbarus]] for Greek.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., [[foreign]], [[strange]], in [[mind]] or [[character]].<br /> <b>A</b> In [[mind]], [[uncultivated]], [[ignorant]]; [[rude]], [[unpolished]]: qui aliis [[inhumanus]] ac [[barbarus]], [[isti]] uni [[commodus]] ac [[disertus]] videretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23: ecqua [[civitas]] est... aut tam [[potens]] aut tam libera aut [[etiam]] tam inmanis ac [[barbara]], etc., id. ib. 2, 4, 11, § 24: nationes, Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27: [[Maroboduus]]... natione [[magis]] [[quam]] ratione [[barbarus]], Vell. 2, 108, 2.—Comp., of verses: non sunt [[illa]] suo barbariora [[loco]], Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—<br /> <b>B</b> Of [[character]], [[wild]], [[savage]], [[cruel]], [[barbarous]]: [[neque]] tam [[barbari]] linguā et natione [[illi]], [[quam]] tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112: [[immanis]] ac [[barbara]] [[consuetudo]] hominum immolandorum, id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21: [[gens]], id. Sull. 27, 76: homines, id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81: [[homo]], id. ib. 2, 5, 57, § 148: [[pirata]], id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146: praedones, id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48: tollite [[barbarum]] Morem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 2: [[Medea]], id. Epod. 5, 61: [[domina]], id. C. 3, 27, 66: libidines, id. ib. 4, 12, 7: [[ignis]], Ov. M. 14, 574: [[populus]], Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.— * Comp.: sacra barbariora, Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in [[use]].—Hence, adv.: barbărē.<br /> <b>A</b> Prop., as a [[foreigner]] would, in a [[foreign]] [[tongue]]: [[Demophilus]] scripsit; [[Marcus]] vortit [[barbare]], i. e. [[into]] Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. [[barbarus]], I. B. 1. —<br /> <b>B</b> Transf.<br /> <b>a</b> Rudely, [[ignorantly]], in an [[uncultivated]] [[way]]: si grammaticum se [[professus]] [[quispiam]] [[barbare]] loqueretur, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12: ut is, a quo insolenter [[quid]] aut [[minaciter]] aut [[crudeliter]] [[dictum]] [[sit]], [[barbare]] [[locutus]] existimetur, Quint. 1, 5, 9: tota [[saepe]] theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse [[barbare]] scimus, id. 1, 6, 45.—<br /> <b>b</b> Rudely, roughly, [[barbarously]], [[cruelly]]: [[dulcia]] [[barbare]] Laedentem oscula, Hor. C. 1, 13, 15: [[ferociter]] et [[barbare]] facere, Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2. | ||
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|georg=barbarus, a, um ([[βάρβαρος]]), I) [[ausländisch]], [[fremd]], u. subst. der Ausländer, der [[Fremde]], der [[Barbar]], dem griech. u. röm. [[Sitte]] [[fremd]] war, a) im allg., [[hospes]], Plaut.: servi agrestes et [[barbari]], Cic.: reges, Hor.: [[barbara]] ([[puella]]) sermone est? [[was]] [[für]] Kauderwelsch redet [[sie]]? Ov. – subst.: α) barbarī, ōrum, m., Barbaren, [[barbari]] [[quidam]] et immanes (Ggstz. [[Graeci]] homines), Cic. – β) [[barbarum]], ī, n., αα) das schwarze [[Pflaster]], Cels. 5, 19, 1; 5, 26, 23: [[bei]] Scrib. 207 [[barbara]] [[gen]]. Vgl. Scheller Übers. [[des]] [[Celsus]] Bd. 2. S. 47. Amm. 145. – ββ) die [[Sitte]]-, [[Art]] ([[Weise]]) der Barbaren, [[nur]] in [[barbarum]], Tac. ann. 6, 42; hist. 5, 2. – b) insbes., [[von]] einem bestimmten Volke: α) im Munde eines Griechen od. im Ggstz. zum Griechischen, barbarisch = italisch, [[römisch]], [[lateinisch]], poëta (d.i. Nävius), Plaut.: [[tantum]] barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (Φ) adhibere, Cic.: u. so im Munde eines Mazedoniers, cum barbaris [[aeternum]] omnibus Graecis [[bellum]] est eritque, Liv.: u. im Ggstz. zu [[Pontus]], [[barbarus]] [[hic]] [[ego]] [[sum]], [[quia]] [[non]] intellegor [[ulli]], Ov. – β) [[für]] phrygisch, [[carmen]], Hor.: [[buxus]], Val. Flacc. – γ) [[für]] persisch, Perser (da [[seit]] den Perserkriegen die Perser die verhaßtesten Feinde der Griechen waren), Nep. u. Curt.: u. κατ' εξ. [[barbarus]] vom [[König]] der Perser, Nep. Them. 4, 5 u.a.: u. [[von]] einem hohen pers. Beamten, Nep. Ages. 3, 1. – δ) [[endlich]] übh. [[für]] jedes feindliche, nichtgriechische od. nichtröm. [[Volk]], s. Dähne Nep. Milt. 7, 1: [[einmal]] [[sogar]] [[von]] [[einer]] griech. [[Völkerschaft]] (den Dassaretiern), Liv. 31, 33, 5 ([[während]] die [[Römer]] [[sonst]] [[nicht]] [[barbarus]] [[von]] Griechen [[gebrauchen]]). – II) meton., barbarisch, A) [[geistig]] [[roh]], [[ungebildet]], [[unkultiviert]], [[qui]] aliis [[inhumanus]] ac [[barbarus]], [[isti]] [[uni]] [[commodus]] ac [[disertus]] videretur, Cic.: homines [[barbari]] [[atque]] imperiti, Caes. – Compar., [[non]] sunt [[illa]] (scripta) [[suo]] barbariora [[loco]], Ov. trist. 5, 1, 72. – B) = [[moralisch]] [[roh]], [[ungeschlacht]], [[ungeschliffen]], [[wild]], [[hart]], gentes immanitate barbarae, Cic.: homines feri ac [[barbari]], Caes.: [[immanis]] ac [[barbara]] [[consuetudo]] hominum immolandorum, Cic.: [[mos]] barb., Hor. – Compar., [[sacra]] [[suo]] [[facio]] barbariora [[loco]], Ov. ex Pont. 3, 2, 78. – Vgl. (no. A u. B verb.) [[neque]] [[tam]] [[barbari]] linguā et natione [[illi]], [[quam]] tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 4, 112. – / Griech. Nbf. [[barbaros]] (Femin.) [[Charis]]. p. 265, 8 u. 10. Consent. (V) 386, 21 (wo [[barbaros]] [[lexis]]). | |georg=barbarus, a, um ([[βάρβαρος]]), I) [[ausländisch]], [[fremd]], u. subst. der Ausländer, der [[Fremde]], der [[Barbar]], dem griech. u. röm. [[Sitte]] [[fremd]] war, a) im allg., [[hospes]], Plaut.: servi agrestes et [[barbari]], Cic.: reges, Hor.: [[barbara]] ([[puella]]) sermone est? [[was]] [[für]] Kauderwelsch redet [[sie]]? Ov. – subst.: α) barbarī, ōrum, m., Barbaren, [[barbari]] [[quidam]] et immanes (Ggstz. [[Graeci]] homines), Cic. – β) [[barbarum]], ī, n., αα) das schwarze [[Pflaster]], Cels. 5, 19, 1; 5, 26, 23: [[bei]] Scrib. 207 [[barbara]] [[gen]]. Vgl. Scheller Übers. [[des]] [[Celsus]] Bd. 2. S. 47. Amm. 145. – ββ) die [[Sitte]]-, [[Art]] ([[Weise]]) der Barbaren, [[nur]] in [[barbarum]], Tac. ann. 6, 42; hist. 5, 2. – b) insbes., [[von]] einem bestimmten Volke: α) im Munde eines Griechen od. im Ggstz. zum Griechischen, barbarisch = italisch, [[römisch]], [[lateinisch]], poëta (d.i. Nävius), Plaut.: [[tantum]] barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (Φ) adhibere, Cic.: u. so im Munde eines Mazedoniers, cum barbaris [[aeternum]] omnibus Graecis [[bellum]] est eritque, Liv.: u. im Ggstz. zu [[Pontus]], [[barbarus]] [[hic]] [[ego]] [[sum]], [[quia]] [[non]] intellegor [[ulli]], Ov. – β) [[für]] phrygisch, [[carmen]], Hor.: [[buxus]], Val. Flacc. – γ) [[für]] persisch, Perser (da [[seit]] den Perserkriegen die Perser die verhaßtesten Feinde der Griechen waren), Nep. u. Curt.: u. κατ' εξ. [[barbarus]] vom [[König]] der Perser, Nep. Them. 4, 5 u.a.: u. [[von]] einem hohen pers. Beamten, Nep. Ages. 3, 1. – δ) [[endlich]] übh. [[für]] jedes feindliche, nichtgriechische od. nichtröm. [[Volk]], s. Dähne Nep. Milt. 7, 1: [[einmal]] [[sogar]] [[von]] [[einer]] griech. [[Völkerschaft]] (den Dassaretiern), Liv. 31, 33, 5 ([[während]] die [[Römer]] [[sonst]] [[nicht]] [[barbarus]] [[von]] Griechen [[gebrauchen]]). – II) meton., barbarisch, A) [[geistig]] [[roh]], [[ungebildet]], [[unkultiviert]], [[qui]] aliis [[inhumanus]] ac [[barbarus]], [[isti]] [[uni]] [[commodus]] ac [[disertus]] videretur, Cic.: homines [[barbari]] [[atque]] imperiti, Caes. – Compar., [[non]] sunt [[illa]] (scripta) [[suo]] barbariora [[loco]], Ov. trist. 5, 1, 72. – B) = [[moralisch]] [[roh]], [[ungeschlacht]], [[ungeschliffen]], [[wild]], [[hart]], gentes immanitate barbarae, Cic.: homines feri ac [[barbari]], Caes.: [[immanis]] ac [[barbara]] [[consuetudo]] hominum immolandorum, Cic.: [[mos]] barb., Hor. – Compar., [[sacra]] [[suo]] [[facio]] barbariora [[loco]], Ov. ex Pont. 3, 2, 78. – Vgl. (no. A u. B verb.) [[neque]] [[tam]] [[barbari]] linguā et natione [[illi]], [[quam]] tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 4, 112. – / Griech. Nbf. [[barbaros]] (Femin.) [[Charis]]. p. 265, 8 u. 10. Consent. (V) 386, 21 (wo [[barbaros]] [[lexis]]). | ||
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| | |lnztxt=barbarus, a, um. ''adj''. ''c''. :: [[野邦者]]。[[外國者]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:40, 12 June 2024
Latin > English
barbarus barbara -um, barbarior -or -us, barbarissimus -a -um ADJ :: foreign, of/used by/typical of foreigners; cruel, savage; uncivilized, uncouth
barbarus barbarus barbari N M :: barbarian, uncivilized person; foreigner (not Greek/Roman)
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
barbărus: a, um (
I gen. plur. m. barbarum, Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = βάρβαρος [cf. barrio; balo, balbus; blatio.
I Prop., foreign, strange, barbarous, opp. to Greek or Roman.
A In gen.: hospes, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25: mixta facit Graiis barbara turba metum, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6: reges, id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in barbarum, adverb., in the manner or according to the custom of foreigners or barbarians: civitas potens, neque in barbarum corrupta, Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger, barbarian: sin hoc et ratio doctis et necessitas barbaris praescripsit, Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157: quo neque noster adit quisquam, nec barbarus audet, Lucr. 6, 37: quippe simul nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30: barbarorum soli prope Germani singulis uxoribus contenti, Tac. G. 18: barbari praestabant non modicam humanitatem, Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—
B Esp., of a particular people, in opp. to Greek or Roman or both; cf.: Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus induperator, Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: barbaria, barbaricus, and Fest. s. v. barbari, p. 36 Müll.).
1 (In the mouth of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin (never so used by the Romans): nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40: i, stultior es barbaro Poticio, id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut tantum barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (φ) adhibere, aut recto casu Graece loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,
b In the mouth of a Macedonian: cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis bellum est eritque, Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,
c In reference to the inhabitants of Pontus: barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—
2 Phrygian: tibia, Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.: sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis barbarum, Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—
3 Persian, a Persian: solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the king of the Persians is called barbarus, Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3; and high officers of the king, barbari, id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.: Romanum agmen ad similitudinem barbari incessus convertere, Tac. A. 3, 33.—
4 In gen., for any hostile people (among the Romans, after the Aug. age, esp. the German tribes, as, among the Greeks, after the Persian war, the Persians): opinio, quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5: ut sunt fluxioris fidei barbari, id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; even of the Dassaretians, a Greek people, Liv. 31, 33, 5; while the Romans did not elsewhere use barbarus for Greek.—
II Transf., foreign, strange, in mind or character.
A In mind, uncultivated, ignorant; rude, unpolished: qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus videretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23: ecqua civitas est... aut tam potens aut tam libera aut etiam tam inmanis ac barbara, etc., id. ib. 2, 4, 11, § 24: nationes, Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27: Maroboduus... natione magis quam ratione barbarus, Vell. 2, 108, 2.—Comp., of verses: non sunt illa suo barbariora loco, Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—
B Of character, wild, savage, cruel, barbarous: neque tam barbari linguā et natione illi, quam tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112: immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum, id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21: gens, id. Sull. 27, 76: homines, id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81: homo, id. ib. 2, 5, 57, § 148: pirata, id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146: praedones, id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48: tollite barbarum Morem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 2: Medea, id. Epod. 5, 61: domina, id. C. 3, 27, 66: libidines, id. ib. 4, 12, 7: ignis, Ov. M. 14, 574: populus, Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.— * Comp.: sacra barbariora, Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in use.—Hence, adv.: barbărē.
A Prop., as a foreigner would, in a foreign tongue: Demophilus scripsit; Marcus vortit barbare, i. e. into Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. barbarus, I. B. 1. —
B Transf.
a Rudely, ignorantly, in an uncultivated way: si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loqueretur, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12: ut is, a quo insolenter quid aut minaciter aut crudeliter dictum sit, barbare locutus existimetur, Quint. 1, 5, 9: tota saepe theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse barbare scimus, id. 1, 6, 45.—
b Rudely, roughly, barbarously, cruelly: dulcia barbare Laedentem oscula, Hor. C. 1, 13, 15: ferociter et barbare facere, Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
barbărus,⁷ a, um (βάρβαρος), (comp. barbarior : Ov. P. 3, 2, 78 ; Tr. 5, 1, 2 )
1 barbare, étranger [= Latin, pour les Grecs] : Pl. Curc. 150 ; Mil. 211 ; Most. 828 ; St. 193
2 barbare, étranger [= tous les pays sauf les Grecs et les Romains] : Cic. Pomp. 23 ; Marc. 8 ; Pis. 91 ; Verr. 2, 5, 160 ; Font. 23, etc.; Cæs. G. 1, 40, 9, etc. || n. pris substt : in barbarum Tac. Ann. 6, 42 ; H. 5, 2, à la manière barbare
3 barbare, inculte, sauvage : Cic. Amer. 146 ; Verr. 2, 4, 148 ; Fl. 24 ; Phil. 3, 15 ; Tusc. 2, 52, etc.
4 [en parl. du langage] barbare, incorrect : Cic. Or. 157 ; Att. 1, 19, 10 ; Quint. 1, 6, 30. etc.; Gell. 5, 21, 11 || v. art. barbari.
gén. pl. -um, v. barbari.
Latin > German (Georges)
barbarus, a, um (βάρβαρος), I) ausländisch, fremd, u. subst. der Ausländer, der Fremde, der Barbar, dem griech. u. röm. Sitte fremd war, a) im allg., hospes, Plaut.: servi agrestes et barbari, Cic.: reges, Hor.: barbara (puella) sermone est? was für Kauderwelsch redet sie? Ov. – subst.: α) barbarī, ōrum, m., Barbaren, barbari quidam et immanes (Ggstz. Graeci homines), Cic. – β) barbarum, ī, n., αα) das schwarze Pflaster, Cels. 5, 19, 1; 5, 26, 23: bei Scrib. 207 barbara gen. Vgl. Scheller Übers. des Celsus Bd. 2. S. 47. Amm. 145. – ββ) die Sitte-, Art (Weise) der Barbaren, nur in barbarum, Tac. ann. 6, 42; hist. 5, 2. – b) insbes., von einem bestimmten Volke: α) im Munde eines Griechen od. im Ggstz. zum Griechischen, barbarisch = italisch, römisch, lateinisch, poëta (d.i. Nävius), Plaut.: tantum barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (Φ) adhibere, Cic.: u. so im Munde eines Mazedoniers, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis bellum est eritque, Liv.: u. im Ggstz. zu Pontus, barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli, Ov. – β) für phrygisch, carmen, Hor.: buxus, Val. Flacc. – γ) für persisch, Perser (da seit den Perserkriegen die Perser die verhaßtesten Feinde der Griechen waren), Nep. u. Curt.: u. κατ' εξ. barbarus vom König der Perser, Nep. Them. 4, 5 u.a.: u. von einem hohen pers. Beamten, Nep. Ages. 3, 1. – δ) endlich übh. für jedes feindliche, nichtgriechische od. nichtröm. Volk, s. Dähne Nep. Milt. 7, 1: einmal sogar von einer griech. Völkerschaft (den Dassaretiern), Liv. 31, 33, 5 (während die Römer sonst nicht barbarus von Griechen gebrauchen). – II) meton., barbarisch, A) geistig roh, ungebildet, unkultiviert, qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus videretur, Cic.: homines barbari atque imperiti, Caes. – Compar., non sunt illa (scripta) suo barbariora loco, Ov. trist. 5, 1, 72. – B) = moralisch roh, ungeschlacht, ungeschliffen, wild, hart, gentes immanitate barbarae, Cic.: homines feri ac barbari, Caes.: immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum, Cic.: mos barb., Hor. – Compar., sacra suo facio barbariora loco, Ov. ex Pont. 3, 2, 78. – Vgl. (no. A u. B verb.) neque tam barbari linguā et natione illi, quam tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 4, 112. – / Griech. Nbf. barbaros (Femin.) Charis. p. 265, 8 u. 10. Consent. (V) 386, 21 (wo barbaros lexis).
