communis: Difference between revisions
Ἀμήχανον δὲ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐκμαθεῖν ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην πρὶν ἂν ἀρχαῖς τε καὶ νόμοισιν ἐντριβὴς φανῇ → It is impossible to know the spirit, thought, and mind of any man before he be versed in sovereignty and the laws
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|lshtext=<b>com-mūnis</b>: (comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. con and [[root]] mu-, to [[bind]]; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: [[immunis]], [[munus]], [[moenia]],<br /><b>I</b> [[that]] is [[common]] to [[several]] or to all, [[common]], [[general]], [[universal]], [[public]] (opp. [[proprius]], [[that]] belongs to one: [[quod]] [[commune]] cum [[alio]] est, desinet esse proprium, Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and [[every]] [[species]] of [[composition]]); constr. [[with]] cum, dat., [[inter]] se, or absol.<br /><b>I</b> Prop.: [[vetus]] [[verbum]] hoc [[quidem]] est: Communia esse amicorum [[inter]] se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18: [[vinea]] vulpibus et hominibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5: [[sepulcrum]] Asiae Europaeque Troja, Cat. 68, 89: is [[fit]] ei cum Roscio [[communis]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis [[commune]] est, Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the [[formula]] aliquid cum [[aliquo]] [[commune]] habere: [[vetustas]] habet aliquid [[commune]] cum multis, [[amor]] non habet, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2: cum rerum naturā... [[quid]] habere potest [[commune]]... gallinaceum fel, id. Div. 2, 12, 29: [[controversia]]. quae communes [[minime]] cum aliis quaestiones habet, Quint. 5, 10, 110: illum... [[nihil]] vobiscum [[commune]] habentem, Sen. Const. 15, 2: sciat, se [[nihil]] [[mecum]] habere [[commune]], id. Ben. 7, 12, 2: omnia cum [[amico]] communia habebit, qui [[multa]] cum homine, id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum [[natura]]) quidquam [[commune]] cum [[caelo]], Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B: [[vitium]] [[commune]] omnium est, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555: [[communis]] imperii (i. e. Romani) fines, Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf. [[libertas]], id. Sest. 1, 1: [[salus]], id. ib. 6, 15: [[utilitas]], Nep. Alcib. 4, 6: [[mors]], [[natural]], Eutr. 7, 8: verba, i. e. [[prose]], Claud. Epig. 81, 3: jus gentium, Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae [[ignarus]], [[ignorant]] of [[life]], i. e. of the [[customs]] of [[society]], Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.: sensu caret, of a [[sense]] of [[propriety]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.: [[sit]] in beneficio [[sensus]] [[communis]], Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf. also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis [[expers]], Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: [[communis]] [[locus]], euphem., the [[lower]] [[world]], Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a [[brothel]], Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In | |lshtext=<b>com-mūnis</b>: (comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. con and [[root]] mu-, to [[bind]]; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: [[immunis]], [[munus]], [[moenia]],<br /><b>I</b> [[that]] is [[common]] to [[several]] or to all, [[common]], [[general]], [[universal]], [[public]] (opp. [[proprius]], [[that]] belongs to one: [[quod]] [[commune]] cum [[alio]] est, desinet esse proprium, Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and [[every]] [[species]] of [[composition]]); constr. [[with]] cum, dat., [[inter]] se, or absol.<br /><b>I</b> Prop.: [[vetus]] [[verbum]] hoc [[quidem]] est: Communia esse amicorum [[inter]] se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18: [[vinea]] vulpibus et hominibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5: [[sepulcrum]] Asiae Europaeque Troja, Cat. 68, 89: is [[fit]] ei cum Roscio [[communis]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis [[commune]] est, Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the [[formula]] aliquid cum [[aliquo]] [[commune]] habere: [[vetustas]] habet aliquid [[commune]] cum multis, [[amor]] non habet, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2: cum rerum naturā... [[quid]] habere potest [[commune]]... gallinaceum fel, id. Div. 2, 12, 29: [[controversia]]. quae communes [[minime]] cum aliis quaestiones habet, Quint. 5, 10, 110: illum... [[nihil]] vobiscum [[commune]] habentem, Sen. Const. 15, 2: sciat, se [[nihil]] [[mecum]] habere [[commune]], id. Ben. 7, 12, 2: omnia cum [[amico]] communia habebit, qui [[multa]] cum homine, id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum [[natura]]) quidquam [[commune]] cum [[caelo]], Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B: [[vitium]] [[commune]] omnium est, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555: [[communis]] imperii (i. e. Romani) fines, Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf. [[libertas]], id. Sest. 1, 1: [[salus]], id. ib. 6, 15: [[utilitas]], Nep. Alcib. 4, 6: [[mors]], [[natural]], Eutr. 7, 8: verba, i. e. [[prose]], Claud. Epig. 81, 3: jus gentium, Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae [[ignarus]], [[ignorant]] of [[life]], i. e. of the [[customs]] of [[society]], Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.: sensu caret, of a [[sense]] of [[propriety]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.: [[sit]] in beneficio [[sensus]] [[communis]], Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf. also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis [[expers]], Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: [[communis]] [[locus]], euphem., the [[lower]] [[world]], Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a [[brothel]], Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.: loca, [[public]] places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1; [[but]] loci, in philos. lang., a [[commonplace]], [[common]] [[topic]], id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. [[locus]].—<br /> <b>B</b> Subst.: commūne, is, n., [[that]] [[which]] is [[common]].<br /> <b>1</b> In gen., plur.: ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20: paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas, [[publicity]], Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In <[[number]] opt="n">[[sing]].</[[number]]>: de communi aliquid consequi, Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3: jus communi dividundo, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp. = τὸ κοινόν, a [[community]], [[state]]: [[commune]] [[Latium]], Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.: Commune [[Milyadum]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95: Siciliae, id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145; 2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae, Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.: [[communis]] [[Graecia]], id. ib. 13, 199; and: res [[communis]] = [[respublica]], Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[commune]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> For [[common]] [[use]], for all, for a [[common]] [[object]], [[end]], [[advantage]], etc.: metuere, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20: consulere, Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5: conferre, Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8: vocare honores, i. e. to [[bestow]] [[equally]] [[upon]] patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18: profutura, Quint. 6, 1, 7: laborare (apes), id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi: ponere libertatem, Tac. A. 13, 27.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In [[general]], [[generally]] (in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): de jure omni disputandum, Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br /> <b>A</b> That represents the [[common]] [[sentiment]], [[democratic]]: qui in [[bello]]... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum [[magis]] communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—<br /> <b>B</b> Of [[manners]], [[accessible]], [[familiar]], [[courteous]], condescending, [[affable]] (kindr. in [[sense]] [[with]] [[comis]]; [[hence]] in MSS. [[very]] freq. interchanged [[with]] it; v. [[comis]]): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) [[par]] est, Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: [[communis]] infimis, [[par]] principibus, Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. [[communitas]].—Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).—Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—<br /> <b>C</b> T. t.<br /> <b>1</b> In rhet.: [[commune]] [[exordium]], [[quod]] [[nihilo]] [[minus]] in hanc [[quam]] in contrariam partem causae potest convenire, [[equally]] [[appropriate]] to [[either]] [[side]] of a [[cause]], Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—<br /> <b>2</b> In gram.: [[verbum]], a [[common]] [[verb]], i. e. one [[that]] has [[both]] an [[active]] and [[passive]] [[signification]], Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: [[syllaba]] = [[anceps]], i. e. [[either]] [[long]] or [[short]], [[Don]]. p. 1389 P.; [[Charis]]. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.: [[genus]], of [[both]] [[masculine]] and [[feminine]] [[gender]], [[Charis]]. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.<br /> <b>1</b> Class. form commū-nĭter, [[together]], in [[common]], [[jointly]], [[generally]] ([[very]] freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. [[proprie]], Quint. 9, 1, 23; opp. [[separatim]], Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—* Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—<br /> <b>2</b> commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5. | ||
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Revision as of 09:24, 13 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
com-mūnis: (comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. con and root mu-, to bind; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: immunis, munus, moenia,
I that is common to several or to all, common, general, universal, public (opp. proprius, that belongs to one: quod commune cum alio est, desinet esse proprium, Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and every species of composition); constr. with cum, dat., inter se, or absol.
I Prop.: vetus verbum hoc quidem est: Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18: vinea vulpibus et hominibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5: sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque Troja, Cat. 68, 89: is fit ei cum Roscio communis, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis commune est, Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the formula aliquid cum aliquo commune habere: vetustas habet aliquid commune cum multis, amor non habet, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2: cum rerum naturā... quid habere potest commune... gallinaceum fel, id. Div. 2, 12, 29: controversia. quae communes minime cum aliis quaestiones habet, Quint. 5, 10, 110: illum... nihil vobiscum commune habentem, Sen. Const. 15, 2: sciat, se nihil mecum habere commune, id. Ben. 7, 12, 2: omnia cum amico communia habebit, qui multa cum homine, id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum natura) quidquam commune cum caelo, Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B: vitium commune omnium est, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555: communis imperii (i. e. Romani) fines, Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf. libertas, id. Sest. 1, 1: salus, id. ib. 6, 15: utilitas, Nep. Alcib. 4, 6: mors, natural, Eutr. 7, 8: verba, i. e. prose, Claud. Epig. 81, 3: jus gentium, Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae ignarus, ignorant of life, i. e. of the customs of society, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.: sensu caret, of a sense of propriety, Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.: sit in beneficio sensus communis, Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf. also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers, Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: communis locus, euphem., the lower world, Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a brothel, Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.: loca, public places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1; but loci, in philos. lang., a commonplace, common topic, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. locus.—
B Subst.: commūne, is, n., that which is common.
1 In gen., plur.: ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20: paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas, publicity, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In <number opt="n">sing.</number>: de communi aliquid consequi, Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3: jus communi dividundo, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—
2 Esp. = τὸ κοινόν, a community, state: commune Latium, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.: Commune Milyadum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95: Siciliae, id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145; 2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae, Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.: communis Graecia, id. ib. 13, 199; and: res communis = respublica, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—
b In commune.
(a) For common use, for all, for a common object, end, advantage, etc.: metuere, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20: consulere, Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5: conferre, Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8: vocare honores, i. e. to bestow equally upon patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18: profutura, Quint. 6, 1, 7: laborare (apes), id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi: ponere libertatem, Tac. A. 13, 27.—
(b) In general, generally (in post-Aug. prose): de jure omni disputandum, Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—
(g) Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—
II Trop.
A That represents the common sentiment, democratic: qui in bello... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum magis communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—
B Of manners, accessible, familiar, courteous, condescending, affable (kindr. in sense with comis; hence in MSS. very freq. interchanged with it; v. comis): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) par est, Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: communis infimis, par principibus, Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. communitas.—Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).—Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—
C T. t.
1 In rhet.: commune exordium, quod nihilo minus in hanc quam in contrariam partem causae potest convenire, equally appropriate to either side of a cause, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—
2 In gram.: verbum, a common verb, i. e. one that has both an active and passive signification, Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: syllaba = anceps, i. e. either long or short, Don. p. 1389 P.; Charis. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.: genus, of both masculine and feminine gender, Charis. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.
1 Class. form commū-nĭter, together, in common, jointly, generally (very freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. proprie, Quint. 9, 1, 23; opp. separatim, Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—* Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—
2 commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5.
