defendo: Difference between revisions
Γαστρὸς δὲ πειρῶ πᾶσαν ἡνίαν κρατεῖν → Frenis regendus venter adductis tibi est → Mit straffem Zügel such' zu lenken deinen Bauch
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|lshtext=<b>dē-fendo</b>: di, [[sum]] (<br /><b>I</b> infin. [[pass]]. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.: defendentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [[arch]].: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to [[smite]]; Gr. [[θείνω]]; [[hence]], also [[offendo]], [[infensus]], [[infestus]], [[mani]]-[[festus]]; cf. [[fustis]], to fend or [[ward]] [[off]] [[any]] [[thing]] [[hostile]] or [[injurious]]; to [[repel]], [[avert]], [[keep]] [[off]]: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: [[tueor]], [[tutor]], [[servo]], [[conservo]]. [[propugno]], [[protego]], [[vindico]], [[caveo]]—freq. and [[class]].); [[regularly]] constr. [[with]] acc. [[alone]] (so in Cic. and Caes.); [[very]] [[rarely]] aliquid (aliquem) ab [[aliquo]], and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.<br /> <b>(a)</b> Aliquid (aliquem): ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque, [[Cato]] R. R. 141, 2: [[serva]] cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf. [[bellum]] (opp. inferre), Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.: ad defendendos [[ictus]] ac repellendos, id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.: [[ignis]] jactus et lapides, id. ib. 2, 2, 4: [[frigus]] et solem, [[Cato]] R. R. 48, 2; cf.: nimios solis ardores, Cic. de Sen. 15, 53; and [[frigus]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 14; also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā, to [[quench]], Sil. 7, 170: qui non defendit injuriam [[neque]] propulsat, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so, injuriam, id. Rosc. Am. 1: noxiam, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48: imperatoris sui tribunorumque [[plebis]] injurias, Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.: vim suorum, id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.: vim illatam vi, Cic. Mil. 4: pericula, id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56: hunc furorem, Verg. A. 10, 905: [[dedecus]] manu, Sil. 13, 99 et saep.: [[crimen]], to [[answer]], [[defend]] [[against]] an [[accusation]], Liv. 42, 48, 2.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8: hostem a [[fossa]], Hirt. B. G. 8, 9: ignem a tectis, Ov. R. Am. 625.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Aliquid alicui (cf. [[arceo]], no. II. d.): iniuriam foribus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20: [[solstitium]] pecori, Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.: aestatem capellis, Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11: [[tela]] [[misero]], Sil. 17, 432: [[dedecus]] morti, id. 5, 490: [[senium]] famae, Stat. Th. 9, 318.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Absol., to [[put]] a [[stop]] (to a [[fire]]), to [[check]] the flames: nec [[quisquam]] defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium, Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.: urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur, Suet. Ner. 43.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., [[like]] prohibere, [[with]] acc. of [[that]] from [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is warded [[off]] or [[averted]], to [[defend]], [[guard]], [[protect]], [[cover]].<br /> <b>A</b> In gen. (so [[most]] freq. in all perr. and [[species]] of [[composition]]), constr. [[with]] acc. [[alone]]; [[with]] acc. and ab [[aliquo]] ([[contra]] aliquid), or [[merely]] ab [[aliquo]]; and absol.<br /> <b>(a)</b> With [[simple]] acc.: Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom., Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.: eos, id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2: se armis, id. B. G. 6, 34: se manu, id. ib. 5, 7, 8; 6, 40, 6 et saep.: [[castra]], id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 ([[with]] tueri): [[oppidum]], id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.: eum [[defendo]], quem tu accusas, Cic. Sull. 17: aliquem [[apud]] praetores, id. Clu. 45, 126: aliquem de ambitu, id. Sull. 2, 6: cf. causam, id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et [[passim]]: d. ac tegere [[scelus]], id. Sull. 31, 86; cf. [[with]] protegere, id. ib. 18, 50: justitiam, id. Lael. 7, 25: communem salutem, id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.: locum, to [[preserve]], [[maintain]], id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.: vicem [[modo]] rhetoris [[atque]] poëtae, to [[sustain]], Hor. S. 1, 10, 12: actorum partes, id. A. P. 194: [[aedes]] Vestae vix [[defensa]] est (sc. ab incendio), preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Aliquid (aliquem) ab [[aliquo]]: [[Aedui]] cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2: se a finitimis, id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.: Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria, Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so, aliquem ab injuria, id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5: se regnumque suum ab Romanorum [[avaritia]], Sall. J. 49, 2: provinciam non [[modo]] a calamitate, sed [[etiam]] a metu calamitatis, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.: vitam ab inimicorum [[audacia]] telisque, Cic. Mil. 2 fin.: libertatis causam ab [[regio]] praesidio, Liv. 39, 24 et saep.: teneras myrtos a frigore, Verg. E. 7, 6: frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu, Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With ab [[aliquo]]: [[quod]] et ab incendio [[lapis]] et ab ariete [[materia]] defendit, Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Aliquem (aliquid) [[contra]], or [[adversus]] aliquem: me [[scio]] a te [[contra]] iniquos meos solere defendi, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7: [[sese]] [[adversus]] populum Romanum defendere, id. Phil. 1, 6, 13: me [[adversus]] Abrupolim, Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4: auctoritatem [[contra]] invidiam, Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—（ε) Absol.: filii qui et sentire et defendere possent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.: cum jam defenderet [[nemo]], Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6: defendentibus civibus Romanis, id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.: quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> Of [[speech]], to [[defend]], [[support]], [[maintain]]; to [[bring]] [[forward]], [[allege]] in [[defence]] (so [[repeatedly]] in Cic.; [[elsewhere]] [[rare]]).<br /> <b>(a)</b> With acc.: ([[Carneades]]) nullam [[umquam]] in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, [[quam]] non probarit, Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14: me id [[maxime]] defendisse, ut, etc., [[have]] [[chiefly]] striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With acc. and inf.: gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, [[numquam]] aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32: [[ille]] [[nihil]] ex his [[sponte]] [[susceptum]] sed principi paruisse defendebat, Tac. A. 13, 43: sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat, Gell. 10, 19; so [[with]] [[verb]] [[pass]]. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With a [[relative]] [[clause]]: (quae turpitudines) [[cur]] non cadant in sapientem, non est [[facile]] defendere, Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —<br /> <b>2</b> In the [[later]] jurid. Lat., to [[claim]], [[vindicate]], or [[prosecute]] at [[law]]: [[quia]] libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat, Dig. 5, 3, 7: si patris mortem defendere [[necesse]] habuerit, i. e. [[legally]] to [[avenge]] his [[death]], ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11. | |lshtext=<b>dē-fendo</b>: di, [[sum]] (<br /><b>I</b> infin. [[pass]]. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.: defendentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [[arch]].: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to [[smite]]; Gr. [[θείνω]]; [[hence]], also [[offendo]], [[infensus]], [[infestus]], [[mani]]-[[festus]]; cf. [[fustis]], to fend or [[ward]] [[off]] [[any]] [[thing]] [[hostile]] or [[injurious]]; to [[repel]], [[avert]], [[keep]] [[off]]: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: [[tueor]], [[tutor]], [[servo]], [[conservo]]. [[propugno]], [[protego]], [[vindico]], [[caveo]]—freq. and [[class]].); [[regularly]] constr. [[with]] acc. [[alone]] (so in Cic. and Caes.); [[very]] [[rarely]] aliquid (aliquem) ab [[aliquo]], and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.<br /> <b>(a)</b> Aliquid (aliquem): ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque, [[Cato]] R. R. 141, 2: [[serva]] cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf. [[bellum]] (opp. inferre), Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.: ad defendendos [[ictus]] ac repellendos, id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.: [[ignis]] jactus et lapides, id. ib. 2, 2, 4: [[frigus]] et solem, [[Cato]] R. R. 48, 2; cf.: nimios solis ardores, Cic. de Sen. 15, 53; and [[frigus]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 14; also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā, to [[quench]], Sil. 7, 170: qui non defendit injuriam [[neque]] propulsat, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so, injuriam, id. Rosc. Am. 1: noxiam, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48: imperatoris sui tribunorumque [[plebis]] injurias, Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.: vim suorum, id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.: vim illatam vi, Cic. Mil. 4: pericula, id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56: hunc furorem, Verg. A. 10, 905: [[dedecus]] manu, Sil. 13, 99 et saep.: [[crimen]], to [[answer]], [[defend]] [[against]] an [[accusation]], Liv. 42, 48, 2.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8: hostem a [[fossa]], Hirt. B. G. 8, 9: ignem a tectis, Ov. R. Am. 625.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Aliquid alicui (cf. [[arceo]], no. II. d.): iniuriam foribus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20: [[solstitium]] pecori, Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.: aestatem capellis, Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11: [[tela]] [[misero]], Sil. 17, 432: [[dedecus]] morti, id. 5, 490: [[senium]] famae, Stat. Th. 9, 318.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Absol., to [[put]] a [[stop]] (to a [[fire]]), to [[check]] the flames: nec [[quisquam]] defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium, Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.: urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur, Suet. Ner. 43.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., [[like]] prohibere, [[with]] acc. of [[that]] from [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is warded [[off]] or [[averted]], to [[defend]], [[guard]], [[protect]], [[cover]].<br /> <b>A</b> In gen. (so [[most]] freq. in all perr. and [[species]] of [[composition]]), constr. [[with]] acc. [[alone]]; [[with]] acc. and ab [[aliquo]] ([[contra]] aliquid), or [[merely]] ab [[aliquo]]; and absol.<br /> <b>(a)</b> With [[simple]] acc.: Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom., Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.: eos, id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2: se armis, id. B. G. 6, 34: se manu, id. ib. 5, 7, 8; 6, 40, 6 et saep.: [[castra]], id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 ([[with]] tueri): [[oppidum]], id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.: eum [[defendo]], quem tu accusas, Cic. Sull. 17: aliquem [[apud]] praetores, id. Clu. 45, 126: aliquem de ambitu, id. Sull. 2, 6: cf. causam, id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et [[passim]]: d. ac tegere [[scelus]], id. Sull. 31, 86; cf. [[with]] protegere, id. ib. 18, 50: justitiam, id. Lael. 7, 25: communem salutem, id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.: locum, to [[preserve]], [[maintain]], id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.: vicem [[modo]] rhetoris [[atque]] poëtae, to [[sustain]], Hor. S. 1, 10, 12: actorum partes, id. A. P. 194: [[aedes]] Vestae vix [[defensa]] est (sc. ab incendio), preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Aliquid (aliquem) ab [[aliquo]]: [[Aedui]] cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2: se a finitimis, id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.: Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria, Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so, aliquem ab injuria, id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5: se regnumque suum ab Romanorum [[avaritia]], Sall. J. 49, 2: provinciam non [[modo]] a calamitate, sed [[etiam]] a metu calamitatis, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.: vitam ab inimicorum [[audacia]] telisque, Cic. Mil. 2 fin.: libertatis causam ab [[regio]] praesidio, Liv. 39, 24 et saep.: teneras myrtos a frigore, Verg. E. 7, 6: frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu, Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With ab [[aliquo]]: [[quod]] et ab incendio [[lapis]] et ab ariete [[materia]] defendit, Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Aliquem (aliquid) [[contra]], or [[adversus]] aliquem: me [[scio]] a te [[contra]] iniquos meos solere defendi, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7: [[sese]] [[adversus]] populum Romanum defendere, id. Phil. 1, 6, 13: me [[adversus]] Abrupolim, Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4: auctoritatem [[contra]] invidiam, Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—（ε) Absol.: filii qui et sentire et defendere possent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.: cum jam defenderet [[nemo]], Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6: defendentibus civibus Romanis, id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.: quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> Of [[speech]], to [[defend]], [[support]], [[maintain]]; to [[bring]] [[forward]], [[allege]] in [[defence]] (so [[repeatedly]] in Cic.; [[elsewhere]] [[rare]]).<br /> <b>(a)</b> With acc.: ([[Carneades]]) nullam [[umquam]] in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, [[quam]] non probarit, Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14: me id [[maxime]] defendisse, ut, etc., [[have]] [[chiefly]] striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With acc. and inf.: gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, [[numquam]] aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32: [[ille]] [[nihil]] ex his [[sponte]] [[susceptum]] sed principi paruisse defendebat, Tac. A. 13, 43: sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat, Gell. 10, 19; so [[with]] [[verb]] [[pass]]. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With a [[relative]] [[clause]]: (quae turpitudines) [[cur]] non cadant in sapientem, non est [[facile]] defendere, Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —<br /> <b>2</b> In the [[later]] jurid. Lat., to [[claim]], [[vindicate]], or [[prosecute]] at [[law]]: [[quia]] libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat, Dig. 5, 3, 7: si patris mortem defendere [[necesse]] habuerit, i. e. [[legally]] to [[avenge]] his [[death]], ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11. | ||
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{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>dēfendō</b>,⁶ fendī, fēnsum, ĕre, [d’un verbe *[[fendo]], cf. [[offendo]] ], tr.,<br /><b>1</b> écarter, éloigner, repousser, tenir loin : hostes Enn. d. Non. 277, 27, repousser les ennemis ; nimios solis ardores Cic. CM 53, repousser (se défendre contre) les feux trop ardents du soleil ; [[bellum]] [[non]] inferre, [[sed]] defendere Cæs. G. 1, 44, 6, [[non]] pas apporter la guerre, mais la repousser (2, 29, 5 ; 6, 23, 4 ); [[crimen]] Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 212, repousser un chef d’accusation, faire tomber une accusation ; injuriam Cic. Off. 3, 74, repousser une injustice ; pericula civium Cic. Mur. 5, préserver ses concitoyens contre les dangers ; [[res]] quibus [[ignis]] [[jactus]] et lapides defendi possunt Cæs. C. 2, 2, 4, moyens de préservation contre les jets de flamme et les pierres ; cum vi [[vis]] illata defenditur Cic. Mil. 9, quand on repousse par la force un attentat de la force || [poét.] [[aliquid]] alicui, repousser qqch. en faveur de qqn = préserver qqn de qqch. : [[solstitium]] pecori Virg. B. 7, 47, préserver un troupeau des feux du solstice, cf. Hor. O. 1, 17, 3 || aliquem ab [[aliqua]] re, écarter qqn de qqch. : Quadr. Ann. 85 d. Gell. 9, 1, 1 ; cf. Ov. Rem. 625 || abs<sup>t</sup>] faire opposition, mettre obstacle : Tac. Ann. 15, 38 ; Suet. [[Nero]] 43<br /><b>2</b> défendre, protéger, aliquem, qqn : Cæs. G. 1, 35, 4 ; 2, 10, 4 ; etc. ; [[castra]] Cæs. G. 3, 3, 4, défendre un camp ; [[oppidum]] Cæs. G. 3, 16, 3, une ville ; de ambitu aliquem Cic. [[Sulla]] 6, défendre qqn contre une accusation de brigue ; causam Cic. Clu. 74, etc., défendre une cause || ab [[aliquo]] (ab [[aliqua]] re) aliquem Cæs. G. 1, 11, 2 ; 2, 31, 5 ; 5, 20, 3, etc. défendre qqn contre qqn (qqch.) ; ab incendio, ab ariete Cæs. G. 7, 23, 5, défendre contre l’incendie, contre le bélier (préserver de...), cf. C. 1, 25, 10 ; 3, 63, 7 ; aliquem [[contra]] aliquem Cic. Phil. 5, 4 ; Fam. 11, 27, 7, etc., défendre qqn contre qqn || abs<sup>t</sup>] opposer une défense, une résistance : Cæs. G. 2, 33, 6 ; 2, 12, 3, etc. || présenter une défense : Cic. Læl. 96, etc.<br /><b>3</b> soutenir [un rang, un rôle, etc.] : Cic. Quinct. 43 ; Prov. 20 ; Hor. S. 1, 10, 12 ; P. 193<br /><b>4</b> [en part.] soutenir par la parole : nullam [[umquam]] rem defendit [[quam]] [[non]] probarit Cic. de Or. 2, 161, il n’a jamais [[rien]] soutenu sans preuve à l’appui ; ex contraria parte [[jus]] civile defendere Cic. Br. 145, plaider le droit civil d’un point de vue opposé || [avec prop. inf.] soutenir que, affirmer pour sa défense que : id aliorum [[exemplo]] se fecisse defendat ? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 211, il alléguerait pour sa défense qu’il l’a fait sur l’exemple d’autrui ? verissime defenditur [[numquam]] æquitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi Cic. Fin. 3, 71, on soutient fort justement que jamais la justice ne peut se séparer de l’intérêt || [constr. pers.] vi [[quadam]] [[reus]] id [[quod]] fecerit fecisse defenditur Cic. Inv. 2, 98, on allègue, comme moyen de défense, que l’accusé a été contraint par la force à faire ce qu’il a fait || [avec interr. ind.] : [[cur]] [[non]] cadant in sapientem (turpitudines), [[non]] [[est]] [[facile]] defendere Cic. Fin. 2, 117, il n’[[est]] pas [[facile]] de montrer pourquoi les actions honteuses ne sont pas le fait du sage<br /><b>5</b> [droit] poursuivre en justice : mortem alicujus Dig. poursuivre en justice la mort de qqn || élever une réclamation sur qqch., revendiquer qqch. : possessionem Dig., revendiquer la propriété d’une chose. inf. pass. defendier Virg. En. 8, 493 ; Juv. 15, 157. | |||
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Revision as of 06:48, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
dē-fendo: di, sum (
I infin. pass. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.: defendentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. arch.: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to smite; Gr. θείνω; hence, also offendo, infensus, infestus, mani-festus; cf. fustis, to fend or ward off any thing hostile or injurious; to repel, avert, keep off: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: tueor, tutor, servo, conservo. propugno, protego, vindico, caveo—freq. and class.); regularly constr. with acc. alone (so in Cic. and Caes.); very rarely aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo, and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.
(a) Aliquid (aliquem): ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque, Cato R. R. 141, 2: serva cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf. bellum (opp. inferre), Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.: ad defendendos ictus ac repellendos, id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.: ignis jactus et lapides, id. ib. 2, 2, 4: frigus et solem, Cato R. R. 48, 2; cf.: nimios solis ardores, Cic. de Sen. 15, 53; and frigus, Hor. S. 1, 3, 14; also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā, to quench, Sil. 7, 170: qui non defendit injuriam neque propulsat, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so, injuriam, id. Rosc. Am. 1: noxiam, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48: imperatoris sui tribunorumque plebis injurias, Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.: vim suorum, id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.: vim illatam vi, Cic. Mil. 4: pericula, id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56: hunc furorem, Verg. A. 10, 905: dedecus manu, Sil. 13, 99 et saep.: crimen, to answer, defend against an accusation, Liv. 42, 48, 2.—
(b) With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8: hostem a fossa, Hirt. B. G. 8, 9: ignem a tectis, Ov. R. Am. 625.—
(g) Aliquid alicui (cf. arceo, no. II. d.): iniuriam foribus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20: solstitium pecori, Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.: aestatem capellis, Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11: tela misero, Sil. 17, 432: dedecus morti, id. 5, 490: senium famae, Stat. Th. 9, 318.—
(d) Absol., to put a stop (to a fire), to check the flames: nec quisquam defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium, Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.: urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur, Suet. Ner. 43.—
II Transf., like prohibere, with acc. of that from which any thing is warded off or averted, to defend, guard, protect, cover.
A In gen. (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition), constr. with acc. alone; with acc. and ab aliquo (contra aliquid), or merely ab aliquo; and absol.
(a) With simple acc.: Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom., Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.: eos, id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2: se armis, id. B. G. 6, 34: se manu, id. ib. 5, 7, 8; 6, 40, 6 et saep.: castra, id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 (with tueri): oppidum, id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.: eum defendo, quem tu accusas, Cic. Sull. 17: aliquem apud praetores, id. Clu. 45, 126: aliquem de ambitu, id. Sull. 2, 6: cf. causam, id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et passim: d. ac tegere scelus, id. Sull. 31, 86; cf. with protegere, id. ib. 18, 50: justitiam, id. Lael. 7, 25: communem salutem, id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.: locum, to preserve, maintain, id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.: vicem modo rhetoris atque poëtae, to sustain, Hor. S. 1, 10, 12: actorum partes, id. A. P. 194: aedes Vestae vix defensa est (sc. ab incendio), preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—
(b) Aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo: Aedui cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2: se a finitimis, id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.: Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria, Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so, aliquem ab injuria, id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5: se regnumque suum ab Romanorum avaritia, Sall. J. 49, 2: provinciam non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.: vitam ab inimicorum audacia telisque, Cic. Mil. 2 fin.: libertatis causam ab regio praesidio, Liv. 39, 24 et saep.: teneras myrtos a frigore, Verg. E. 7, 6: frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu, Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—
(g) With ab aliquo: quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit, Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—
(d) Aliquem (aliquid) contra, or adversus aliquem: me scio a te contra iniquos meos solere defendi, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7: sese adversus populum Romanum defendere, id. Phil. 1, 6, 13: me adversus Abrupolim, Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4: auctoritatem contra invidiam, Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—（ε) Absol.: filii qui et sentire et defendere possent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.: cum jam defenderet nemo, Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6: defendentibus civibus Romanis, id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.: quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —
B In partic.
1 Of speech, to defend, support, maintain; to bring forward, allege in defence (so repeatedly in Cic.; elsewhere rare).
(a) With acc.: (Carneades) nullam umquam in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, quam non probarit, Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14: me id maxime defendisse, ut, etc., have chiefly striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—
(b) With acc. and inf.: gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, numquam aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32: ille nihil ex his sponte susceptum sed principi paruisse defendebat, Tac. A. 13, 43: sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat, Gell. 10, 19; so with verb pass. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init.—
(g) With a relative clause: (quae turpitudines) cur non cadant in sapientem, non est facile defendere, Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —
2 In the later jurid. Lat., to claim, vindicate, or prosecute at law: quia libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat, Dig. 5, 3, 7: si patris mortem defendere necesse habuerit, i. e. legally to avenge his death, ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
dēfendō,⁶ fendī, fēnsum, ĕre, [d’un verbe *fendo, cf. offendo ], tr.,
1 écarter, éloigner, repousser, tenir loin : hostes Enn. d. Non. 277, 27, repousser les ennemis ; nimios solis ardores Cic. CM 53, repousser (se défendre contre) les feux trop ardents du soleil ; bellum non inferre, sed defendere Cæs. G. 1, 44, 6, non pas apporter la guerre, mais la repousser (2, 29, 5 ; 6, 23, 4 ); crimen Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 212, repousser un chef d’accusation, faire tomber une accusation ; injuriam Cic. Off. 3, 74, repousser une injustice ; pericula civium Cic. Mur. 5, préserver ses concitoyens contre les dangers ; res quibus ignis jactus et lapides defendi possunt Cæs. C. 2, 2, 4, moyens de préservation contre les jets de flamme et les pierres ; cum vi vis illata defenditur Cic. Mil. 9, quand on repousse par la force un attentat de la force
