ἄριστον
English (LSJ)
τό, morning meal, breakfast, twice in Hom., ἐντύνοντ' ἄ. ἅμ' ἠοῖ Od.16.2, cf. Il.24.124; ἄριστα, δεῖπνα, δόρπα θ' αἱρεῖσθαι τρίτα A.Fr.182, cf. Ag.331: later, breakfast was called ἀκράτισμα, and ἄριστον was the midday meal, our luncheon, cf. Th.4.90, 7.81; ἄριστον αἱρεῖσθαι, ἄριστον ποιεῖσθαι, Hdt.3.26, 6.78; ἀπ' ἀρίστου μέχρι δείλης Arist.HA619a15. [ᾱ; contr. from ᾰ(y)ερι-στον, cf. Goth. air, OHG. ēr ‘early’, Avest. ayarə ‘day’; also ᾱ(y)ερ- in ἦρι, ἠέριος; -στο- from -d-to-, root ed-‘eat’.]
Spanish (DGE)
-ου, τό
• Prosodia: [ᾱ-]
1 desayuno ἐντύνοντ' ἄ. ἅμ' ἠοῖ Od.16.2 (falsa etim. ad loc. en Plu.2.726d), cf. Il.24.124, ἄριστα, δεῖπνα δόρπα θ' αἰρεῖσθαι τρίτα A.Fr.182.
2 almuerzo, comida de mediodía ἐπ' ἄριστον ... κέκληκεν αὐτήν la invitó a comer Ar.Ec.348, ἀπ' ἄριστον μέχρι δείλης Arist.HA 619a15, op. δεῖπνον Hdt.7.120, X.Eq.9.11, HG 6.1.15, Arist.Metaph.1042b21, Diotog.p.76.23, IStratonikeia 256.4 (II d.C.), fig. de la eucaristía, Chrys.M.61.78, op. νήστεις: τοὺς δ' ... πόνος νήστεις πρὸς ἀρίστοισιν ... τάσσει A.A.331, cf. Arist.Pr.904b4, op. μονοσιτίη Hp.Vict.2.60
•ἀρίστου τυχεῖν = comer, almorzar X.Cyr.4.2.38, ἄριστον ποιεῖσθαι Hdt.6.78, Th.7.40, ἄριστον αἱρεῖν Hdt.3.26, D.H.1.55, cf. Hdt.1.63, Hp.Vict.3.68, 73, E.Cyc.214, X.HG 4.5.3, An.4.5.30, Cyr.1.2.11, Didyma 201.15 (I a.C.), Luc.Asin.17, Plu.2.64b, D.C.37.46.4.
• Etimología: Comp. de *ἄ(i̯)ερι < *H°-Hi̯2er- ‘temprano’, cf. av. ayarə, ayąn ‘día’ y del grado cero *H1d- de la raíz *ed- < *H1ed- ‘comer’. Según otros el 1er término sería un loc. *ἀρι < *αi̯ερι.
German (Pape)
[Seite 352] τό, Frühstück; verwandt ἠώς, ἦρι, αὔριον; bei den Att. das α in ἄριστον lang, bei Hom. kurz; ᾰ statt η ist Jonisch. Bei Hom., welcher das Wort zweimal hat, Iliad. 24, 124 Od. 16, 2, ist ἄριστον das erste Frühstück, was ἅμ' ἠοῖ bereitet wird; bei d. Att. ist ἄριστον das zweite Frühstück, um Mittag aus. Das erste Frühstück heißt bei den Att. ἀκράτισμα, das zweite bei Hom. δεῖ πνον. Vgl. Scholl. Aristonic. Iliad. 24, 124 Od. 16, 2 u. Lehrs Aristarch. p. 132 sqq. – Aesch. Ag. 322; Her. 1, 63; Ar. Nubb. 415.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (τό) :
petit-déjeuner, repas du matin ; plus tard déjeuner, repas du milieu du jour.
Étymologie: DELG *ἀρι cf. ἔαρ, -ιστ- cf. ἐσθίω : repas du matin.
Par. ἀκράτισμα, δεῖπνον, δόρπον.
English (Autenrieth)
breakfast; in Homer taken not long after sunrise; only ἐντύνοντο ἄριστον, Ω 12, Od. 16.2.
English (Strong)
apparently neuter of a superlative from the same as ἄῤῥην; the best meal (or breakfast; perhaps from eri ("early")), i.e. luncheon: dinner.
English (Thayer)
ἀρίστου, τό (from Homer down);
a. the first food, taken early in the morning before work, breakfast; dinner was called δεῖπνον. But the later Greeks called breakfast; τό ἀκράτισμα, and dinner ἄριστον i. e. δεῖπνον μεσηβρινον, Athen. 1,9, 10, p. 11b.; and so in the N.T. Hence,
b. dinner: ποιεῖν ἄριστον ἤ δεῖπνον, to which others are invited); ἑτοιμάζειν). (B. D. under the word Smith's Bible Dictionary, Meals; Becker's Charicles, namely, vi. excurs. i. (English translation, p. 312 f).)
Greek Monolingual
ἄριστον, το (AM)
το μεσημβρινό φαγητό (σε μτγν. εποχή, όταν το πρόγευμα το αποκαλούσαν «ἀκράτισμα»)
αρχ.
το πρωινό φαγητό, το πρόγευμα.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < τ. αιερι-δ-τον < (τοπικό) άρι (συνηρημένος τ. του αίερι, ήρι «ενωρίς») + μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα (-δ) του θ. εδ-(του ρ. εσθίω «τρώγω») + (επίθημα) -το-. Η λ. στον Όμηρο και στον Αισχύλο δηλώνει «το πρόγευμα», ενώ στην Ιωνική-Αττική σημαίνει «το μεσημεριανό φαγητό», το δε «πρωινό γεύμα» δηλώνεται με τον όρο ακράτισμα.
ΠΑΡ. αρχ. αριστίζω, αριστώ.
ΣΥΝΘ. αρχ. αριστόδειπνον, αριστοποιώ].
Greek Monotonic
ἄριστον: [ᾰ] Επικ., ᾱ Αττ.], τό, πρόγευμα, πρωϊνό, κατά την ανατολή του ηλίου, σε Όμηρ., Ηρόδ.· ἄριστα, δεῖπνα, δάρπα θ' αἱρεῖσθαι τρίτον, σε Αισχύλ.· μεταγεν., το ἄριστον ήταν το μεσημεριανό φαγητό, το Ρωμ. prandium, σε Θουκ. (πιθ. συγγενές προς το ἦρι, νωρίς).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἄριστον:
I (ᾰ) n к ἄριστος.
II τό (ᾱ - эп. ᾰ)
1 ранняя трапеза, утренний завтрак Hom., Aesch.;
2 полуденная трапеза, дневной завтрак Her., Thuc., Arph., Arst.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: breakfast (Il.), later taken in the afternoon, s. Athen. 11b ff.
Derivatives: Denom. ἀριστάω have breakfast (Ion.-Att.) with ἀριστητής i.e. who eats twice a day (Hp.).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [12] *h₂eier- day, morning; [287] *h₁ed- eat
Etymology: Lit. "early eating", contraction of a locative ἆρι (< *αἴερ-ι, s. ἦρι) and the zero grade of ἐδ- eat (s. ἐσθίω) + το-suffix: *h₂eieri-h₁d-to-; s. Bechtel Lex.
Middle Liddell
[ᾰ in Epic, α in Attic
the morning meal, breakfast, taken at sunrise, Hom., Hdt.; ἄριστα, δεῖπνα, δόρπα θ' αἱρεῖσθαι τρίτον Aesch.:—later, ἄριστον was the mid-day meal, Roman prandium, Thuc. [Perh. akin to ἦρι, early.]
Frisk Etymology German
ἄριστον: {á̄riston}
Grammar: n.
Meaning: Frühstück, in der klass. Zeit am Mittag eingenommen, "déjeuner" (seit Il.).
Derivative: Davon zwei Denominativa: 1. ἀ̄ριστάω frühstücken (ion. att.) mit ἀριστητής Frühstücker, d. h. der zweimal täglich ißt (Hp.), ἀριστητικός der das Frühstück liebt (Eup.), ἀριστητήριον Refektorium (BCH 15, 184). 2. ἀριστίζω mit einem Frühstück bewirten (Ar. usw.), -ίζομαι frühstücken (Hp.); zur Bedeutung Schwyzer 736.
Etymology: Eig. "Frühessen", Zusammenbildung aus einem Lokativ ἆρι (aus *αἴερι, s. ἦρι) und der Schwundstufe der Wurzel ἐδ- essen (s. ἐσθίω) vermittels eines το-Suffixes: *αἰεριδ-τον; näheres Bechtel Lex. s. v.
Page 1,140
Chinese
原文音譯：¥riston 阿里士團
詞類次數：名詞（3）
原文字根：午餐
字義溯源：最佳的一餐，筵席，早飯，午飯；源自（ἄρρην / ἄρσην）*=男人）；或源自（ἤρεμος）X=早*）。一般的說，是指早飯，有別於晚餐（δεῖπνον / δεῖπνος））。這字有如（ἀριστάω）=早飯），也可說：用飯
出現次數：總共（3）；太（1）；路（2）
譯字彙編：
1） 午餐（1） 路14:12；
2） 飯（1） 路11:38；
3） 筵席（1） 太22:4
Mantoulidis Etymological
τό (=πρόγευμα, πρωινό φαγητό). ἐνῶ δεῖπνον = γεῦμα, δόρπος = βραδινό φαγητό, πρόγευμα, ἄριστον = γεῦμα, δεῖπνον = βραδινό φαγητό]. Ἠ λέξη ἄριστον εἶναι σύνθετη ἀπό τό: ἀρι (ἦρι) = πρωί + στον (τοῦ ἔδω-ἐδτόν-ἐστόν = τρώγω) ἀρι-εδ-τον ἄριστον. Δές γιά ἄλλα παράγωγα στό ἐσθίω.
Παράγωγα: ἀριστάω -ῶ, ἀριστήριον (=τραπεζαρία), ἀριστητής (=αὐτός πού τρώει πολύ), ἀριστητικός, ἀριστίζω (=δίνω σέ κάποιον πρόγευμα), ἀριστοποιοῦμαι (=προγευματίζω), ἀριστοποιία, ἀνάριστος (=ἀπρογευμάτιστος), ἀναρίστητος, ἀναριστία, ἀναριστῶ.
Lexicon Thucydideum
prandium, lunch, midday meal, 4.90.3, 7.40.1, 7.40.2, 7.81.1, 8.95.4.
Translations
breakfast
Afrikaans: brekfis,ontbyt,vroegstuk; Albanian: sillë, mëngjes; Arabic: إِفْطَار, فَطُور; Gulf Arabic: ريوق; Iraqi Arabic: ريّوك; North Levantine Arabic: ترويئة; Egyptian Arabic: فطار; Moroccan Arabic: فطور; Armenian: նախաճաշ; Asturian: almuerzu; Azerbaijani: səhər yeməyi; Bashkir: иртәнге аш; Basque: gosari; Belarusian: сняданак, снеданне, сняданне; Bengali: নাস্তা, নাশতা, নাশ্তা, ছোট হাজরি; Bikol Central: pamahaw; Breton: lein, dijuniñ; Bulgarian: закуска; Burmese: နံနက်စာ; Catalan: esmorzar; Chechen: марта; Chinese Cantonese: 早飯, 早饭, 早餐; Mandarin: 早飯, 早饭, 早餐; Min Nan: 早頓, 早顿, 早起, 早起頓, 早起顿; Czech: snídaně; Dalmatian: prinz; Danish: morgenmad; Dutch: ontbijt; Elfdalian: frukuost; Esperanto: matenmanĝo; Estonian: hommikueine, hommikusöök; Faroese: morgunmatur; Finnish: aamupala, aamiainen; French: petit déjeuner, déjeuner; Galician: almorzo; Gallo: déjun; Georgian: საუზმე; German: Frühstück, Zmorgen, Morgenessen; Greek: πρωινό, πρόγευμα; Ancient Greek: ἄριστον, ἀκράτισμα; Greenlandic: ullaakkorsiutit; Gujarati: નાસ્તો; Haitian Creole: dejene; Hawaiian: ʻaina kakahiaka; Hebrew: ארוחת בוקר / אֲרוּחָת בֹּקֶר; Hindi: नाश्ता, कलेवा; Hungarian: reggeli, früstök; Icelandic: morgunmatur, morgunverður, árbítur; Ido: fru-dejuneto, dejuneto; Indonesian: sarapan; Interlingua: jentaculo; Irish: bricfeasta, céadphroinn, béile maidine, cuid na maidine; Italian: colazione, prima colazione; Ivatan: riagen; Japanese: 朝食, 朝御飯, 朝飯; Jingpho: jahpawt shat, jahpot shat; Kannada: ನಾಷ್ಟಾ; Kapampangan: abakan; Kazakh: таңертеңгі ас; Khmer: អាហារពេលព្រឹក, បាយពេលព្រឹក, បាយព្រឹក, បាតរាស; Korean: 조반(朝飯), 아침 식사, 조식(朝食), 조식(早食); Kurdish Central Kurdish: بەرچای; Northern Kurdish: taşt, taştê; Kyrgyz: эртең мененки тамак, эртем; Lao: ເຂົ້າເຊົ້າ, ອາຫານເຊົ້າ; Latgalian: reitiškys; Latin: prandium, ientaculum; Latvian: brokastis; Lhao Vo: ne, xe Lithuanian: pusryčiai; Luxembourgish: Kaffi; Lü: ᦃᧁᧉᦋᧁᧉ; Macedonian: појадок, доручек; Malagasy: sakafo maraina; Malay: sarapan; Malayalam: പ്രഭാത ഭക്ഷണം, പ്രാതൽ; Maltese: kolazzjon, brejkfast, fatra; Maori: parakuihi; Mauritian Creole: nasta; Mirandese: almuorço; Miyako: アサムヌ; Mongolian Cyrillic: өглөөний цай, өглөөний хоол, фру̀штик; Mòcheno: schelver; Navajo: abínígo daʼadánígíí; Norman: déjunaïr, dêjeuner; Northern Sami: iđitbiebmu, iđitborramuš; Norwegian Bokmål: frokost; Nynorsk: frukost; Occitan: dejunar; Ojibwe: gigizhebaa-wiisiniwin; Old English: morgenmete, underngereord, undernmete; Osage: kaasį́exci wanǫ́bre; Pali: pātarāsa; Pashto: سهارنۍ, ټپن; Persian: صبحانه, ناشتا, چاشت; Polish: śniadanie; Portuguese: café da manhã, pequeno-almoço, desjejum, mata-bicho; Rajasthani: नास्तौ, कलेवौ; Romanian: mic dejun; Romansch: ensolver; Russian: завтрак; Rusyn: фрыштик; Sanskrit: प्रातराश, कल्यवर्त; Scots: disjune, brakfast; Scottish Gaelic: bracaist; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: до̀ручак; Roman: dòručak, frùštik; Shan: ၶဝ်ႈၼႂ်; Slovak: raňajky, frištuk, frištik, fruštik; Slovene: zajtrk; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: snědanje; Upper Sorbian: snědanje; Sotho: dijo tsa hoseng, mofihlolo; Spanish: desayuno; Swahili: chakula cha asubuhi; Swedish: frukost; Tagalog: almusál, agahan; Tajik: ношто, ношито, чошт; Tamil: காலையுண்டி; Telugu: ప్రాతఃకాల; Thai: ข้าวเช้า, อาหารเช้า; Tibetan: ཚལ་མ; Turkish: kahvaltı; Turkmen: ertirlik; Tuvan: эртенги чем; Ukrainian: сніданок; Urdu: ناشتا, کلیوا, ناشته, ـﮩـاری; Uyghur: ناشتا; Uzbek: nonushta; Vietnamese: bữa sáng; Vilamovian: mügjaasa; Walloon: didjuner; Welsh: brecwast, borefwyd; West Frisian: moarnsiten, brea-iten; Westrobothnian: móraväl; White Hmong: pluag tshais; Yakut: сарсыардааҥы аһылык; Yiddish: פֿרישטיק; Yonaguni: 努むってぃぬいー; Zazaki: ara
lunch
Afrikaans: middagete; Albanian: drekë, sillë; Arabic: غَدَاء; Hijazi Arabic: غدا; Armenian: լանչ, ճաշ; Aromanian: prãndzu; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܵܘܸܬܪܵܐ; Asturian: comida; Azerbaijani: günorta yeməyi, nahar, abed; Baluchi: چاشت; Basque: bazkari; Belarusian: абед, ланч; Bengali: লাঞ্চ; Bikol Central: pangudto; Breton: merenn; Bulgarian: обед, обяд, лънч; Burmese: နေ့လယ်စာ; Catalan: dinar; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵎⵎⵏⵙⵓ, ⵉⵎⴽⵍⵉ; Chickasaw: tabookoli; Chinese Cantonese: 晏晝, 晏昼; Mandarin: 午飯, 午饭, 午餐; Czech: oběd; Danish: middagsmad, frokost; Dutch: lunch, middageten, middagmaal; Esperanto: meztagmanĝaĵo, tagmanĝo, lunĉo; Estonian: lõuna; Finnish: lounas; French: déjeuner, dîner, lunch; Friulian: gustà; Galician: xantar; Georgian: ლანჩი, მეორე საუზმე; German: Mittagessen, Lunch; Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍄𐍃; Greek: γεύμα, μεσημεριανό; Ancient Greek: δεῖπνον, ἄριστον; Hawaiian: ʻaina awakea; Hebrew: אֲרוּחַת צָהֳרַיִם / ארוחת צהריים; Hindi: लंच, दोपहर का खाना, नहार; Hungarian: ebéd; Icelandic: hádegismatur, hádegisverður; Ido: dejuno, dejuneto; Indonesian: makan siang; Ingush: марта; Interlingua: prandio; Inupiaq: aiḷiłiq, qitiqquutaq; Irish: lón; Italian: pranzo, seconda colazione; Japanese: 昼食, 昼ご飯, 昼飯, 昼餉, ランチ; Kabuverdianu: almosu, almose; Kazakh: қонақасы, түскі ас, түскі тамақ, түстік, түскілік; Khmer: អាហារថ្ងៃត្រង់, បាយថ្ងៃត្រង់; Korean: 점심(點心), 중식(中食); Kurdish Central Kurdish: نانی نیوەڕۆ; Northern Kurdish: firavîn; Kyrgyz: түштөм, обед; Ladin: marënda; Lao: ອາຫານທ່ຽງ; Latgalian: dīniškys; Latin: prandium; Latvian: pusdienas; Lithuanian: pietūs; Macedonian: ручек; Malay: makan tengahari; Maltese: ikla; Maori: tina; Mazanderani: چاشت; Middle English: dyner; Mirandese: almuorço; Mongolian Cyrillic: ленч, хөнгөн зууш; Mongolian: ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ; ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠰᠢ; Mòcheno: vormes; Navajo: yistʼéí; Norman: dénaïr; Northern Sami: lunša, gaskabiebmu; Norwegian Bokmål: lunsj; Nynorsk: lunsj; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: обѣдъ; Oromo: laaqana; Pashto: غرمنۍ; Pennsylvania German: Essschtick; Persian: ناهار; Plautdietsch: Meddach; Polish: obiad, lunch; Portuguese: almoço; Romanian: prânz; Romansch: gentar; Russian: обед, второй завтрак, ланч, ленч; Sanskrit: मध्याह्नभोजन; Scottish Gaelic: diathad; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ручак, обед; Roman: rúčak, obed; Sicilian: pranzu; Sindhi: مانجھاندو; Slovak: obed; Slovene: kosilo, obed, južina; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: wobjed; Upper Sorbian: wobjed; Spanish: almuerzo, comida, yanta; Swedish: lunch, middag; Tagalog: tanghalian; Tajik: ноҳор, хӯроки пешин, таоми пешин; Thai: อาหารกลางวัน, อาหารเที่ยง, ข้าวเที่ยง, มื้อเที่ยง, มื้อกลางวัน, ข้าวกลางวัน, เพล; Turkish: öğle yemeği; Turkmen: günortanlyk, günortanlyk nahar; Ukrainian: обі́д, ланч; Urdu: لنچ, دوپہر کا کھانا; Uzbek: tushlik, lench, ikkinchi nonushta, obed; Venetian: disnar; Vietnamese: bữa trưa, bữa ăn trưa; Volapük: koled; Walloon: dinner, marinde; Welsh: cinio bach; Yiddish: װאַרעמעס