μά: Difference between revisions
Ἤθους δὲ βάσανός ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις χρόνος → Est moris explorator humani dies → Des menschlichen Charakters Wetzstein ist die Zeit
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|Definition=(A) [ᾰ], Particle used in asseverations and oaths, c. acc. of the deity or thing appealed to; in itself neither affirmative nor negative, but made so by prefixing [[ναί]] or [[οὐ]], or, in Att., by the context: thus, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ</b>... in affirmation, <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον</b> yea [[by]] this staff, <span class="bibl">Il.1.234</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>460</span>; ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>11.24</span>; <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ Δία, ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>88</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>407b</span>, etc.; also μὰ ναί <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>109 H. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">οὐ μὰ</b>... in negation, <b class="b3">οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα</b>, <b class="b3">οὐ μἀ Ζῆνα</b>, nay, [[by]]... <span class="bibl">Il.1.86</span>, <span class="bibl">23.43</span>; οὐ μὰ τὴν δέσποιναν Ἄρτεμιν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">El.</span>626</span>; οὔ τοι μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θεούς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>235</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία, οὔκουν οὕτω γε</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> after Hom. [[μά]] is freq. used alone, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> chiefly in negation when the negative follows, μὰ Δί' οὐκ εἶδον ἐμαυτοῦ ἀμείνω ὑλοτόμον <span class="title">IG</span>12.1084; <b class="b3">μὰ τὴν πατρῴαν ἑστίαν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὕβρει λέγω τάδ</b>' <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>881</span>; μὰ τοὺς παρ' Ἅιδῃ νερτέρους ἀλάστορας, οὔτοι ποτ' ἔσται τοῦτο <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1059</span>; μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω, οὔκ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>269</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1432</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>262</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>312e</span>; μὰ τὴν γῆν, μὴ σύγε δῷς <span class="bibl">Anaxil.9</span>; μὰ δαίμονας, οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥυσμοῦ εἰκάζω <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>44</span>; <b class="b3">μὰ τὸν Δία δὲ οὐδὲ νομίζω</b>… <span class="title">IG</span>22.1099.30 (ii A.D.); μὰ σέ, Καῖσαρ, οὐδείς σε νικᾷ <span class="bibl">D.C.61.20</span>: with preceding neg., οὐδ' ὄναρ, μὰ τὰς Μοίρας <span class="bibl">Herod. 1</span>. II: in answers, when the negation is expressed in the question, <b class="b3">οὐκ αὖ μ' ἐάσεις</b>; Answ. μὰ Δί', ἐπεὶ κἀγὼ πόνηρός εἰμι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>336</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">338</span> (where <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐάσω</b> is to be supplied after <b class="b3">μὰ Δία</b> from the question, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>951</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>400</span>): when [[ἀλλά]] follows, <b class="b3">δύο δραχμὰς μισθὸν τελεῖς</b>; Answ. μὰ Δί', ἀλλ' ἔλαττον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>174</span> (where <b class="b3">οὐ τελῶ</b> is understood, cf. ib. <span class="bibl">753</span>, <span class="bibl">779</span>, <span class="bibl">1053</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.13.3</span>): in μὰ γῆν, μὰ κρήνας, μὰ ποταμούς, μὰ νάματα <span class="bibl">Antiph.296</span> = <span class="bibl">Timocl.38</span>, the context is missing. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in reply to an imper., <b class="b3">ἀπόδος αὐτό</b>; Answ. μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 748</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in later Gr. in affirmation, δακρύω μὰ σέ, δαῖμον <span class="title">Annales du Service</span> 27.32 (Egypt); μὰ τὴν Ἄρτεμιν Ἀκοντίῳ γαμοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Aristaenet. 1.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.8.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in colloquial discourse, esp. Att. (cf. Greg.Cor.<span class="bibl">p.150</span> S., <span class="bibl">Ph.2.271</span>), the name of the deity sworn by was often suppressed, to avoid a downright oath, μὰ τόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1374</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>466e</span>; μὰ τήν <span class="bibl">Men.369</span>; ναὶ μὰ τόν <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>66d</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael. <span class="title">NA</span>3.19</span>; <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ τάς</b> (sc. [[Χάριτας]]) Suid. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[ναὶ μὰ τό]] (codd. dett.); οὐ μὰ τὸν—οὐκ ὀμόσω <span class="title">AP</span>12.201 (Strat.), cf. <span class="bibl">7.112</span> (D.L.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[μά]] is | |Definition=(A) [ᾰ], Particle used in asseverations and oaths, c. acc. of the deity or thing appealed to; in itself neither affirmative nor negative, but made so by prefixing [[ναί]] or [[οὐ]], or, in Att., by the context: thus, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ</b>... in affirmation, <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον</b> yea [[by]] this staff, <span class="bibl">Il.1.234</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>460</span>; ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>11.24</span>; <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ Δία, ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>88</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>407b</span>, etc.; also μὰ ναί <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>109 H. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">οὐ μὰ</b>... in negation, <b class="b3">οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα</b>, <b class="b3">οὐ μἀ Ζῆνα</b>, nay, [[by]]... <span class="bibl">Il.1.86</span>, <span class="bibl">23.43</span>; οὐ μὰ τὴν δέσποιναν Ἄρτεμιν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">El.</span>626</span>; οὔ τοι μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θεούς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>235</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία, οὔκουν οὕτω γε</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> after Hom. [[μά]] is freq. used alone, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> chiefly in negation when the negative follows, μὰ Δί' οὐκ εἶδον ἐμαυτοῦ ἀμείνω ὑλοτόμον <span class="title">IG</span>12.1084; <b class="b3">μὰ τὴν πατρῴαν ἑστίαν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὕβρει λέγω τάδ</b>' <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>881</span>; μὰ τοὺς παρ' Ἅιδῃ νερτέρους ἀλάστορας, οὔτοι ποτ' ἔσται τοῦτο <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1059</span>; μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω, οὔκ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>269</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1432</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>262</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>312e</span>; μὰ τὴν γῆν, μὴ σύγε δῷς <span class="bibl">Anaxil.9</span>; μὰ δαίμονας, οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥυσμοῦ εἰκάζω <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>44</span>; <b class="b3">μὰ τὸν Δία δὲ οὐδὲ νομίζω</b>… <span class="title">IG</span>22.1099.30 (ii A.D.); μὰ σέ, Καῖσαρ, οὐδείς σε νικᾷ <span class="bibl">D.C.61.20</span>: with preceding neg., οὐδ' ὄναρ, μὰ τὰς Μοίρας <span class="bibl">Herod. 1</span>. II: in answers, when the negation is expressed in the question, <b class="b3">οὐκ αὖ μ' ἐάσεις</b>; Answ. μὰ Δί', ἐπεὶ κἀγὼ πόνηρός εἰμι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>336</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">338</span> (where <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐάσω</b> is to be supplied after <b class="b3">μὰ Δία</b> from the question, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>951</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>400</span>): when [[ἀλλά]] follows, <b class="b3">δύο δραχμὰς μισθὸν τελεῖς</b>; Answ. μὰ Δί', ἀλλ' ἔλαττον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>174</span> (where <b class="b3">οὐ τελῶ</b> is understood, cf. ib. <span class="bibl">753</span>, <span class="bibl">779</span>, <span class="bibl">1053</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.13.3</span>): in μὰ γῆν, μὰ κρήνας, μὰ ποταμούς, μὰ νάματα <span class="bibl">Antiph.296</span> = <span class="bibl">Timocl.38</span>, the context is missing. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in reply to an imper., <b class="b3">ἀπόδος αὐτό</b>; Answ. μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 748</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in later Gr. in affirmation, δακρύω μὰ σέ, δαῖμον <span class="title">Annales du Service</span> 27.32 (Egypt); μὰ τὴν Ἄρτεμιν Ἀκοντίῳ γαμοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Aristaenet. 1.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.8.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in colloquial discourse, esp. Att. (cf. Greg.Cor.<span class="bibl">p.150</span> S., <span class="bibl">Ph.2.271</span>), the name of the deity sworn by was often suppressed, to avoid a downright oath, μὰ τόν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1374</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>466e</span>; μὰ τήν <span class="bibl">Men.369</span>; ναὶ μὰ τόν <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>66d</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael. <span class="title">NA</span>3.19</span>; <b class="b3">ναὶ μὰ τάς</b> (sc. [[Χάριτας]]) Suid. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[ναὶ μὰ τό]] (codd. dett.); οὐ μὰ τὸν—οὐκ ὀμόσω <span class="title">AP</span>12.201 (Strat.), cf. <span class="bibl">7.112</span> (D.L.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[μά]] is sometimes omitted after [[ναί]] (q. v.); also after οὐ, οὐ τὸν πάντων θεῶν θεὸν πρόμον Ἅλιον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>660</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">οὐ τὸν Ὄλυμπον</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1088</span> (lyr.); οὐ τόνδ' Ὄλυμπον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>758</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1063</span> (lyr.). <span class="bld">μά</span> (B), Thess. for [[δέ]], <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).258.11 (Cierium, ii B.C.), 461 <span class="title">A</span>9 (Crannon, ii B.C.); also found at beginning of sentence in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span> 1216.10</span> (ii/iii A.D.).<span class=head>μά (C) [ᾱ], Elean for [[μή]], <span class="title">Schwyzer</span>413.5. | ||
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Revision as of 07:09, 29 August 2021
English (LSJ)
(A) [ᾰ], Particle used in asseverations and oaths, c. acc. of the deity or thing appealed to; in itself neither affirmative nor negative, but made so by prefixing ναί or οὐ, or, in Att., by the context: thus, I ναὶ μὰ... in affirmation, ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον yea by this staff, Il.1.234, cf. h.Merc.460; ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον Pi.N.11.24; ναὶ μὰ Δία, ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία, etc., Ar.Ach.88, Pl.R.407b, etc.; also μὰ ναί Inscr.Cypr.109 H. II οὐ μὰ... in negation, οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα, οὐ μἀ Ζῆνα, nay, by... Il.1.86, 23.43; οὐ μὰ τὴν δέσποιναν Ἄρτεμιν S. El.626; οὔ τοι μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θεούς Ar.Eq.235; οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία, οὔκουν οὕτω γε… Pl.Tht.142e. III after Hom. μά is freq. used alone, 1 chiefly in negation when the negative follows, μὰ Δί' οὐκ εἶδον ἐμαυτοῦ ἀμείνω ὑλοτόμον IG12.1084; μὰ τὴν πατρῴαν ἑστίαν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὕβρει λέγω τάδ' S.El.881; μὰ τοὺς παρ' Ἅιδῃ νερτέρους ἀλάστορας, οὔτοι ποτ' ἔσται τοῦτο E.Med.1059; μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω, οὔκ Ar.Th.269, cf. A.Ag.1432, E.Cyc.262, Pl.Prt.312e; μὰ τὴν γῆν, μὴ σύγε δῷς Anaxil.9; μὰ δαίμονας, οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥυσμοῦ εἰκάζω Call.Epigr.44; μὰ τὸν Δία δὲ οὐδὲ νομίζω… IG22.1099.30 (ii A.D.); μὰ σέ, Καῖσαρ, οὐδείς σε νικᾷ D.C.61.20: with preceding neg., οὐδ' ὄναρ, μὰ τὰς Μοίρας Herod. 1. II: in answers, when the negation is expressed in the question, οὐκ αὖ μ' ἐάσεις; Answ. μὰ Δί', ἐπεὶ κἀγὼ πόνηρός εἰμι Ar.Eq.336, cf. 338 (where οὐκ ἐάσω is to be supplied after μὰ Δία from the question, cf. Ra.951, Pl.400): when ἀλλά follows, δύο δραχμὰς μισθὸν τελεῖς; Answ. μὰ Δί', ἀλλ' ἔλαττον Id.Ra.174 (where οὐ τελῶ is understood, cf. ib. 753, 779, 1053, X.Mem.3.13.3): in μὰ γῆν, μὰ κρήνας, μὰ ποταμούς, μὰ νάματα Antiph.296 = Timocl.38, the context is missing. b in reply to an imper., ἀπόδος αὐτό; Answ. μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω Ar.Th. 748. 2 in later Gr. in affirmation, δακρύω μὰ σέ, δαῖμον Annales du Service 27.32 (Egypt); μὰ τὴν Ἄρτεμιν Ἀκοντίῳ γαμοῦμαι Aristaenet. 1.10, cf. Ach.Tat.8.5. IV in colloquial discourse, esp. Att. (cf. Greg.Cor.p.150 S., Ph.2.271), the name of the deity sworn by was often suppressed, to avoid a downright oath, μὰ τόν Ar.Ra.1374 (lyr.), Pl.Grg.466e; μὰ τήν Men.369; ναὶ μὰ τόν Call.Fr.66d, Ael. NA3.19; ναὶ μὰ τάς (sc. Χάριτας) Suid. s.v. ναὶ μὰ τό (codd. dett.); οὐ μὰ τὸν—οὐκ ὀμόσω AP12.201 (Strat.), cf. 7.112 (D.L.). V μά is sometimes omitted after ναί (q. v.); also after οὐ, οὐ τὸν πάντων θεῶν θεὸν πρόμον Ἅλιον S.OT660 (lyr.); οὐ τὸν Ὄλυμπον ib. 1088 (lyr.); οὐ τόνδ' Ὄλυμπον Id.Ant.758, cf. El.1063 (lyr.). μά (B), Thess. for δέ, IG9(2).258.11 (Cierium, ii B.C.), 461 A9 (Crannon, ii B.C.); also found at beginning of sentence in POxy. 1216.10 (ii/iii A.D.).μά (C) [ᾱ], Elean for μή, Schwyzer413.5.
German (Pape)
[Seite 77] Betheuerungswort, einen Schwur einleitend mit dem accus. der Gottheit od. der Sache, bei der man schwört; – 1) bejahend, – a) mit ναί od. νή, wie Il. 1, 234, ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον, wahrlich bei diesem Scepter! ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον, Pind. N. 11, 24; ναὶ μὰ Δία, Ar. Ach. 88 Equ. 280; ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία, Plat. Rep. III, 407 b u. Folgde, doch nicht eben häufig. – b) ohne den Zusatz, wo sich die Bejahung aus dem Zusammenhang ergiebt, μὰ τὴν τέλειον τῆς ἐμῆς παιδὸς Δίκην, Aesch. Ag. 1407, u. häufiger μὰ Δία, so wahr Zeus! beim Zeus! – Häufiger 2) verneinend; – a) mit dabeistehendem οὐ, οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, nein, beim Zeus! Il. 1, 86. 23, 43 Od. 20, 339; οὐ μὰ τὴν δέσποιναν Ἄρτεμιν, Soph. El. 616; οὔτοι μὰ τοὺς θεούς, Ar. Equ. 235; οὐ μὰ τὼ θεώ, Thesm. 718; οὐδέ γε μὰ Δία, Plat. Gorg. 456 d; οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία, Rep. IV, 426 b; οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία οὔκουν, Theaet. 142 d u. öfter. – b) oder die Negation folgt, μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω, οὐκ, Ar. Thesm. 269; μὰ Δία – οὐκέτι ἔχω σοι λέγειν, Plat. Prot. 312 e; μὰ θεοὺς – οὐδέν, Conv. 219 c; μὰ Δία – μὴ σύ γε, Rep. I, 345 b; vgl. Eur. μὰ τοὺς παρ' Ἅιδην νερτέρους ἀλάστορας, οὔτοι ποτ' ἔσται τοῦτο, bei den Unterirdischen, nimmer wird das geschehen, Med. 1055. – c) in Antworten, in Bezug auf die in der Frage liegende Negation, οὐκ αὖ μ' ἐάσεις; – μὰ Δί' ἐπεὶ κἀγὼ πονηρός εἰμι, Ar. Equ. 336; u. mit folgdm ἀλλά, z. B. δύο δραχμὰς μισθὸν τελεῖς; – μὰ Δί' ἀλλ' ἔλαττον, nein beim Zeus! sondern weniger, Ran. 753. 779. 1053; Xen. Mem. 3, 13, 3, u. öfter bei Plat., vgl. οὐ μὰ τὸν Δί', ἀλλ' οὐκέτ' οἶδα ἔγωγε ὅτι ἔλεγον Rep. I, 334 b. – Der Name des Gegenstandes, bei dem man schwört, wird auch fortgelassen, bes. in der attischen Umgangssprache, μὰ τὸν, ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδ' ἂν – ἐπιθόμην Ar. Ran. 1370; Plat. Gorg. 489 e; vgl. Schäfer Greg. p. 150 ff. u. Mein. Men. p. 131.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
μά: [ᾰ], μόριον ἐν χρήσει ἐπὶ ἰσχυρᾶς διαμαρτυρίας καὶ ὅρκων ἑπομένου καὶ αἰτ. τοῦ ὀνόματος ἢ τοῦ πράγματος ὃ ἐπικαλεῖται ὁ ὀμνύων· δὲν εἶναι δὲ καθ’ ἑαυτὸ οὔτε καταφατικὸν οὔτε ἀρνητικὸν ἀλλὰ γίνεται προτασσομένου τοῦ ναὶ ἢ τοῦ οὐ, ἢ παρ’ Ἀττ. ἁπλῶς διὰ τῶν συμφραζομένων· οὕτω, Ι. ναὶ μά..., ἐπὶ καταφάσεως, ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον Ἰλ. Α. 234, πρβλ. Ὁμ. Ὕμν. εἰς Ἑρμ. 460· ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον Πινδ. Ν. 11. 30· οὕτω παρ’ Ἀττ., ναὶ μὰ Δία, ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία, κτλ., Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 88, Πλάτ. Πολ. 407Β. κ. ἀλλ.· πρβλ. ναί. ΙΙ. οὐ μά..., ἐπὶ ἀρνήσεως, οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, ὄχι μά..., Ἰλ. Α. 86., Ψ. 43· καὶ παρ’ Ἀττ.· οὐ μὰ τὴν δέσποιναν Ἄρτεμιν Σοφ. Ἠλ. 626· οὔ τοι μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θεοὺς Ἀριστοφ. Ἱππ. 235. ΙΙΙ. Παρ’ Ἀττ. τὸ μὰ συχνάκις εἶναι ἐν χρήσει καθ’ ἑαυτό, καὶ τὸ πλεῖστον ἐπὶ ἀρνήσεως, 1) ὅταν ἡ ἄρνησις ἀκολουθῇ ἐν τῇ ἑπομένῃ πρατάσει, μὰ τὴν πατρῴαν ἑστίαν, ἀλλ’ οὐχ ὕβρει λέγω τάδ’ Σοφ. Ἠλ. 881· μὰ τοὺς παρ’ Ἅιδιν νερτέρους ἀλάστορας, οὔτοι ποτ’ ἔσται τοῦτο Εὐρ. Μήδ. 1059, μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω, οὐκ Ἀριστοφ. Θεσμ. 269, πρβλ. Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 1432, Εὐρ. Κύκλ. 262 κἑξ.· μὰ τὴν γῆν, μὴ σύγε δῷς Ἀναξίλας ἐν «Εὐανδρίᾳ» 1. 2) ἐν ἀποκρίσεσιν, ὅταν ἡ ἄρνησις ὑπάρχῃ ἐν τῇ ἐρωτήσει, οὐκ αὖ μ’ ἐάσεις; Ἀπόκρ. μὰ Δί’, ἐπεὶ καγὼ πόνηρός εἰμι Ἀριστοφ. Ἱππ. 336, 338 (ὅπου νοητέον τὸ οὐκ ἐάσω μετὰ τὸ μὰ Δία παραλαμβανόμενον ἐκ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως, πρβλ. Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 951, Θεσμ. 748, Πλ. 400)· οὕτω καὶ ἑπομένου τοῦ ἀλλά· δύο δραχμὰς μισθὸν τελεῖς; Ἀπόκρ. μὰ Δί’, ἀλλ’ ἔλαττον Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 174 (ἔνθα νοεῖται τὸ οὐ τελῶ, πρβλ. Βάτρ. 753. 779, Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 3. 13, 3). IV. ἐν κοινῇ ὁμιλίᾳ, ἰδίως παρ’ Ἀττ., τὸ ὄνομα τῆς θεότητος συχνάκις παρεσιωπᾶτο ἐν τῷ ὅρκῳ: ναὶ μὰ τόν, οὐ μὰ τόν, μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, πρὸς ἀποφυγὴν τελείου ὅρκου, ὅπερ εἶναι κοινὸν ἐν πάσαις ταῖς γλώσσαις, πρβλ. Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 1374, Πλάτ. Γοργ. 466Ε, Koen εἰς Γρηγ. Κορ. 150 κἑξ. V. τὸ μὰ ἐνίοτε παραλείπεται μετὰ τὸ ναί, ἴδε ναὶ Ι. 2· ὡσαύτως μετὰ τὸ οὐ, ἂν καὶ ἡ αἰτιατ. διαμένει, οὐ τὸν πάντων θεῶν θεὸν πρόμον Ἄλιον Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 660· οὐ τὸν Ὄλυμπον αὐτόθι 1089· οὐ τόνδ’ Ὄλυμπον ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἀντ. 758. πρβλ. Ἠλ. 1062, 1238. VI. παρὰ μεταγενεστέρ. = νὴ ὡς καὶ νῦν, μὰ τὴν σωτηρίαν σου ἔφαγον αὐτὸ Θεοφάν. 153, 13, κλ.
τὸ μόριον τοῦτο τετράκις κεῖται ἀντὶ τοῦ δὲ ἐν Ἐπιγρ. Λαρίσης, τῇ ἐν Mittth. d. d. arch. Inst. VII, σ. 65, ϛʹ, 20, 22, 42, 46. Εὕρηται ὅμως αὐτόθι καὶ τὸ δὲ ἅπαξ ἐν ϛʹ, 55.
French (Bailly abrégé)
particule affirm. et plus souv. négat.
I. affirm.
1 après ναί ou νή : ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον IL oui, par ce sceptre ; ναὶ μὰ Δία AR oui, par Zeus;
2 postér. sans ναί ou νή;
II. négat.
1 après οὐ : οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα IL, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα IL non certes, par Apollon, par Zeus;
2 sans οὐ devant le nom de divinité, mais avec une négation après : μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω, οὐκ, non, par Apollon;
3 dans les réponses, sans négation devant le nom de divinité, mais en réponse à une proposition négative : μὰ Δί’, ἔφη ὁ Σάκας, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐγὼ τούτων εἰμί XÉN non certes, par Zeus, dit Sakas, pour moi, je ne suis pas de ceux-là;
4 affirm. ou négat., μά précède souvent un simple article, représentant un nom de divinité s.-e. : ναὶ μὰ τόν, oui certes ; μὰ τόν, non certes.
Étymologie: cf. lat. me, dans me Castor, me hercle, me dius fidius.
English (Autenrieth)
by, in oaths, w. acc. of the divinity or of the witness invoked; mostly neg., w. οὐ, Il. 1.86; sometimes, w. ναί, affirmative, Il. 1.234.
English (Slater)
μᾰ
1 by, c. acc. of object, by which one swears. ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον (N. 11.24)
Greek Monotonic
μά: [ᾰ], μόριο που χρησιμ. σε έντονες διαμαρτυρίες και όρκους, ακολουθ. από αιτ. της θεότητας ή του πράγμ. όπου και απευθύνεται· δεν είναι καθαυτό ούτε καταφατικό ούτε αποφατικό, λαμβάνει ωστόσο την αντίστοιχη ιδιότητα όταν προτάσσεται ναί ήοὐ, ή από τα συμφραζόμενα.
I. ναὶ μά..., σε κατάφαση, ναὶ μὰ τόδε τὸ σκῆπτρον, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ. ναὶ μὰ Δία, ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία, σε Αριστοφ. Πλάτ.
II. οὐ μά..., σε άρνηση, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· οὔ τοι μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θεούς, σε Αριστοφ.
III. στην Αττ. το μά χρησιμοποιείται συχνά μόνο του, κυρίως με αρνητική έννοια, μὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλω, σε Ευρ.· σε απαντήσεις, υποδηλώνεται άρνηση, οὐκ αὖ μ' ἐάσεις; (απάντ.) μὰ Δί' (δηλ. οὐκ ἐάσω), σε Αριστοφ.
IV. το όνομα της θεότητας συχνά παραλείπεται ναὶ μὰ τόν, οὐ μὰ τόν, σε Πλάτ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
μά: (ᾰ) (с acc., иногда подразумеваемым, и преимущ. с отрицанием - частица, употребляемая в клятвах и клятвенных уверениях) (ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον Hom.): οὐ μὰ τὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα! Hom. нет, клянусь Аполлоном!; οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία! Plat. нет, клянусь Зевсом!; ναὶ μὰ τόν Arph. клянусь, право же; μὰ τόν Plat. право же, нет; после οὐ иногда опускается: οὐ τὸν Ἃλιον! Soph. клянусь Гелиосом!
Middle Liddell
a Particle used in strong protestations and oaths, followed by acc. of the deity or thing appealed to; in itself neither affirmative nor negative, but made so by prefixing ναί or οὐ, or by the context:—thus,
I. ναὶ μὰ… , in affirmation, ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον yea by this sceptre, Il.; ναὶ μὰ Δία, ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία Ar., Plat.
II. οὐ μὰ… , in negation, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, nay, by… , Il.; οὔ τοι μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θεούς Ar.
III. in attic μά is often used alone, mostly in negat. sense μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ Eur.:— in answers, when the negation is expressed in the question, οὐκ αὖ μ' ἐάσεις; Answ. μὰ Δἴ (sc. οὐκ ἐάσὠ Ar.
IV. the name of the deity was often suppressed, ναὶ μὰ τόν, οὐ μὰ τόν Plat.
Frisk Etymology German
μά: {má}
Meaning: Beteuerungspartikel wahrlich (ion. att. seit Il.), adversative Part. = δέ aber (thess.).
Etymology : Kann mit aind. sma enklit. hervorhebend wahrlich, wirklich und mit heth. -ma enklit. aber gleichgesetzt werden; anlaut. sm- hat indessen im Griech. keine Spur hinterlassen. Schwyzer-Debrunner 569 f. m. Lit. und Einzelheiten, Hahn Lang. 29, 242ff. — Vgl. 1. μήν.
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