plenus: Difference between revisions
τῶν δ᾽ ὀρθουμένων σῴζει τὰ πολλὰ σώμαθ᾽ ἡ πειθαρχία → But of those who make it through, following orders is what saves most of their lives (Sophocles, Antigone 675f.)
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|lshtext=<b>plēnus</b>: a, um, adj. from the [[root]] ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to [[fill]]; Gr. πλα-> in [[πίμπλημι]], [[πλήθω]] | |lshtext=<b>plēnus</b>: a, um, adj. from the [[root]] ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to [[fill]]; Gr. πλα-> in [[πίμπλημι]], [[πλήθω]]; Lat. [[plerus]], [[plebs]], [[populus]], etc.; [[whence]] [[compleo]], [[expleo]], [[suppleo]],<br /><b>I</b> [[full]], [[filled]] [[with]] [[any]] [[thing]] ([[class]].; cf.: [[refertus]], [[oppletus]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>A</b> In gen., [[with]] gen.: rimarum, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25: [[corpus]] suci, id. ib. 2, 3, 27: [[Gallia]] est plena civium Romanorum, Cic. Font. 1, 11: [[domus]] plena caelati argenti, id. Verr. 2, 2, 14. § 35: vini, somni, id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: stellarum, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11.—With abl.: plena [[domus]] ornamentis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126: [[vita]] plena et conferta voluptatibus, id. Sest. 10, 23: plenum pueris [[gymnasium]], Quint. 2, 8, 3.—Absol.: auditorium, Quint. 2, 11, 3: plenissimis velis navigare, [[with]] [[swelling]] sails, Cic. Dom. 10, 24.—As subst.: plēnum, i, n., [[space]] [[occupied]] by [[matter]], a plenum, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118.—Adverb.: ad plenum, to [[repletion]], [[copiously]], [[abundantly]] ([[poet]].), Verg. G. 2, 244: hic [[tibi]] [[copia]] Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta [[cornu]], Hor. C. 1, 17, 15; so Veg. 2, 9: philosophiae scientiam ad plenum [[adeptus]], Eutr. 8, 10.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> Of [[bodily]] [[size]], [[stout]], [[bulky]], [[portly]], [[plump]], [[corpulent]] ([[class]].): pleni enective [[simus]], Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142: [[vulpecula]] pleno corpore, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31: [[frigus]] inimicum est tenui: at prodest omnibus plenis, Cels. 1, 9: [[femina]], Ov. A. A. 2, 661.—Comp.: tauros [[palea]] ac feno facere pleniores, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12.—Sup.: plenissimus [[quisque]], Cels. 2, 1.—<br /> <b>b</b> Of females, [[big]], [[with]] [[child]], [[pregnant]] ([[class]].): et cum te gravidam et cum te [[pulchre]] plenam [[aspicio]], [[gaudeo]], Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49: [[femina]], Ov. M. 10, 469; Val. Fl. 1, 413: sus plena, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; cf.: Telluri plenae [[victima]] plena datur (preceded by gravida), Ov. F. 4, 634.—<br /> <b>2</b> Filled, [[satisfied]] ([[poet]].), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 29: [[plenus]] cum languet [[amator]], sated [[with]] [[reading]], Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8; cf.: [[illa]] bibit [[sitiens]] [[lector]], mea pocula [[plenus]], Ov. P. 3, 4, 55.—<br /> <b>3</b> Full [[packed]], laden; [[with]] abl.: quadrupedes pleni dominis armisque, Stat. Th. 4, 812: [[exercitus]] plenissimus praedā, Liv. 41, 28: crura thymo plenae (apes), Verg. G. 4, 181.—Absol.: [[vitis]], Ov. Am. 2, 14, 23.—<br /> <b>4</b> Entire, [[complete]], [[full]], [[whole]]: ut haberet ad praeturam gerendam plenum annum [[atque]] integrum, Cic. Mil. 9, 24: gaudia, id. Tusc. 5, 23, 67: [[numerus]], id. Rep. 6, 12, 12: pleno [[aratro]] sulcare, [[with]] the [[whole]] [[plough]] sunk in the [[ground]], Col. 2, 2, 25: sustineas ut [[onus]], nitendum vertice pleno est, i. e. toto, Ov. P. 2, 7, 77: pleno gradu, at [[full]] [[pace]], at [[storming]] [[pace]], Liv. 4, 32.— Neutr. adverb.: in plenum, on the [[whole]], [[generally]] ([[post]]-Aug.), Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; Sen. Ep. 91, 9.—<br /> <b>5</b> Of the [[voice]], [[sonorous]], [[full]], [[clear]], [[strong]], [[loud]] ([[class]].): vox grandior et plenior, Cic. Brut. 84, 289: voce plenior, id. de Or. 1, 29, 132.—<br /> <b>6</b> Of letters, syllables, words, [[full]], at [[full]] [[length]], not [[contracted]], unabridged: pleniores syllabae, Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28: ut E plenissimum dicas, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46: siet plenum est, [[sit]] imminutum, id. Or. 47, 157: plenissima verba, Ov. M. 10, 290.—<br /> <b>7</b> Of [[food]] and [[drink]], [[strong]], [[hearty]], [[substantial]]: pleniores cibi, Cels. 3, 20: [[vinum]], id. 1, 6.—<br /> <b>8</b> Full, [[abundant]], [[plentiful]], [[much]]: non tam Siciliam, [[quam]] inanem offenderant, [[quam]] Verrem ipsum, qui [[plenus]] decesserat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: urbes, id. Pis. 37, 91: [[pecunia]], [[much]] [[money]], id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6: [[mensa]], Verg. A. 11, 738.—Comp.: [[serius]] [[potius]] ad nos, dum plenior, Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2: [[tres]] uno [[die]] a te accepi litteras, unam brevem, duas pleniores, [[fuller]], larger, id. ib. 11, 12, 1.— Sup.: plenissima [[villa]], Hor. S. 1, 5, 50.—<br /> <b>9</b> Of [[age]], [[full]], advanced, [[ripe]], [[mature]]: jam plenis [[nubilis]] annis, marriageable, Verg. A. 7, 53: [[plenus]] vitā, Stat. S. 2, 2, 129: annis, [[full]] of years, [[that]] has reached [[extreme]] old [[age]], Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7: plenior annis, Val. Fl. 1, 376: [[annus]] [[vicesimus]] [[quintus]] [[coeptus]] pro pleno habetur, Dig. 50, 4, 8.—<br /> <b>10</b> Law t. t.: pleno jure, [[with]] a [[complete]] [[legal]] [[title]]: [[proinde]] pleno jure incipit, id est et in bonis et ex jure Quiritium, tua res esse, Gai. Inst. 2, 41: pleno jure [[heres]] fieri, id. ib. 3, 85 al.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., [[full]], [[filled]].<br /> <b>A</b> In gen., [[with]] gen.: [[plenus]] fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.): jejunitatis [[plenus]], Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 13: consili, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 49: viti probrique, id. Mil. 2, 5, 13: fraudis, sceleris, parricidi, perjuri, id. Rud. 3, 2, 37: offici, Cic. Att. 7, 4, 1: negoti, [[full]] of [[business]], id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 146: irae, Liv. 3, 48: ingenii, Cic. Fl. 6, 15: laboris, Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66: quae [[regio]] in terris nostri non plena laboris? is not [[full]] of [[our]] [[disaster]]? Verg. A. 1, 460.—With abl.: [[plenus]] [[sum]] exspectatione de Pompeio, [[full]] of [[expectation]], Cic. Att. 3, 14, 1: laetitiā, Caes. B. C. 1, 74: humanitate, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 1, 7.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> Complete, [[finished]], [[ample]], [[copious]] ([[class]].): [[orator]] [[plenus]] [[atque]] [[perfectus]], Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59: plenior, opp. to jejunior, id. ib. 3, 4, 16: [[oratio]] plenior, id. Off. 1, 1, 2: pleniora scribere, Caes. B. C. 1, 53.—<br /> <b>2</b> Full of, abounding or [[rich]] in [[any]] [[thing]]: plenum bonarum rerum [[oppidum]], Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 38: [[quis]] plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario? Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: pleniore [[ore]] laudare, [[with]] [[fuller]] [[mouth]], i. e. [[more]] [[heartily]], id. Off. 1, 18, 61.—Hence, adv.: plēnē.<br /> <b>1</b> Lit., [[full]] ([[post]]-Aug.): vasa [[plene]] infundere, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 139.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop., [[fully]], [[wholly]], [[completely]], thorougnly, [[largely]] ([[class]].): [[plene]] cumulateque aliquid perficere, Cic. Div. 2, 1: [[plene]] perfectae munitiones, Caes. B. G. 3, 3: aliquid vitare, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13: [[plene]] sapientes homines, id. Off. 1, 15: praestare aliquid, [[perfectly]], Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 14.—Comp.: plenius facere aliquid, Ov. P. 2, 11, 20: alere, Quint. 2, 2, 8.—Sup.: [[quamvis]] illud plenissime, hoc restrictissime feceris, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 13. | ||
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Revision as of 09:33, 13 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
plēnus: a, um, adj. from the root ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to fill; Gr. πλα-> in πίμπλημι, πλήθω; Lat. plerus, plebs, populus, etc.; whence compleo, expleo, suppleo,
I full, filled with any thing (class.; cf.: refertus, oppletus).
I Lit.
A In gen., with gen.: rimarum, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25: corpus suci, id. ib. 2, 3, 27: Gallia est plena civium Romanorum, Cic. Font. 1, 11: domus plena caelati argenti, id. Verr. 2, 2, 14. § 35: vini, somni, id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: stellarum, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11.—With abl.: plena domus ornamentis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126: vita plena et conferta voluptatibus, id. Sest. 10, 23: plenum pueris gymnasium, Quint. 2, 8, 3.—Absol.: auditorium, Quint. 2, 11, 3: plenissimis velis navigare, with swelling sails, Cic. Dom. 10, 24.—As subst.: plēnum, i, n., space occupied by matter, a plenum, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118.—Adverb.: ad plenum, to repletion, copiously, abundantly (poet.), Verg. G. 2, 244: hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu, Hor. C. 1, 17, 15; so Veg. 2, 9: philosophiae scientiam ad plenum adeptus, Eutr. 8, 10.—
B In partic.
1 Of bodily size, stout, bulky, portly, plump, corpulent (class.): pleni enective simus, Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142: vulpecula pleno corpore, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31: frigus inimicum est tenui: at prodest omnibus plenis, Cels. 1, 9: femina, Ov. A. A. 2, 661.—Comp.: tauros palea ac feno facere pleniores, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12.—Sup.: plenissimus quisque, Cels. 2, 1.—
b Of females, big, with child, pregnant (class.): et cum te gravidam et cum te pulchre plenam aspicio, gaudeo, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49: femina, Ov. M. 10, 469; Val. Fl. 1, 413: sus plena, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; cf.: Telluri plenae victima plena datur (preceded by gravida), Ov. F. 4, 634.—
2 Filled, satisfied (poet.), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 29: plenus cum languet amator, sated with reading, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8; cf.: illa bibit sitiens lector, mea pocula plenus, Ov. P. 3, 4, 55.—
3 Full packed, laden; with abl.: quadrupedes pleni dominis armisque, Stat. Th. 4, 812: exercitus plenissimus praedā, Liv. 41, 28: crura thymo plenae (apes), Verg. G. 4, 181.—Absol.: vitis, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 23.—
4 Entire, complete, full, whole: ut haberet ad praeturam gerendam plenum annum atque integrum, Cic. Mil. 9, 24: gaudia, id. Tusc. 5, 23, 67: numerus, id. Rep. 6, 12, 12: pleno aratro sulcare, with the whole plough sunk in the ground, Col. 2, 2, 25: sustineas ut onus, nitendum vertice pleno est, i. e. toto, Ov. P. 2, 7, 77: pleno gradu, at full pace, at storming pace, Liv. 4, 32.— Neutr. adverb.: in plenum, on the whole, generally (post-Aug.), Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; Sen. Ep. 91, 9.—
5 Of the voice, sonorous, full, clear, strong, loud (class.): vox grandior et plenior, Cic. Brut. 84, 289: voce plenior, id. de Or. 1, 29, 132.—
6 Of letters, syllables, words, full, at full length, not contracted, unabridged: pleniores syllabae, Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28: ut E plenissimum dicas, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46: siet plenum est, sit imminutum, id. Or. 47, 157: plenissima verba, Ov. M. 10, 290.—
7 Of food and drink, strong, hearty, substantial: pleniores cibi, Cels. 3, 20: vinum, id. 1, 6.—
8 Full, abundant, plentiful, much: non tam Siciliam, quam inanem offenderant, quam Verrem ipsum, qui plenus decesserat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: urbes, id. Pis. 37, 91: pecunia, much money, id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6: mensa, Verg. A. 11, 738.—Comp.: serius potius ad nos, dum plenior, Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2: tres uno die a te accepi litteras, unam brevem, duas pleniores, fuller, larger, id. ib. 11, 12, 1.— Sup.: plenissima villa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 50.—
9 Of age, full, advanced, ripe, mature: jam plenis nubilis annis, marriageable, Verg. A. 7, 53: plenus vitā, Stat. S. 2, 2, 129: annis, full of years, that has reached extreme old age, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7: plenior annis, Val. Fl. 1, 376: annus vicesimus quintus coeptus pro pleno habetur, Dig. 50, 4, 8.—
10 Law t. t.: pleno jure, with a complete legal title: proinde pleno jure incipit, id est et in bonis et ex jure Quiritium, tua res esse, Gai. Inst. 2, 41: pleno jure heres fieri, id. ib. 3, 85 al.—
II Trop., full, filled.
A In gen., with gen.: plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.): jejunitatis plenus, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 13: consili, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 49: viti probrique, id. Mil. 2, 5, 13: fraudis, sceleris, parricidi, perjuri, id. Rud. 3, 2, 37: offici, Cic. Att. 7, 4, 1: negoti, full of business, id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 146: irae, Liv. 3, 48: ingenii, Cic. Fl. 6, 15: laboris, Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66: quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris? is not full of our disaster? Verg. A. 1, 460.—With abl.: plenus sum exspectatione de Pompeio, full of expectation, Cic. Att. 3, 14, 1: laetitiā, Caes. B. C. 1, 74: humanitate, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 1, 7.—
B In partic.
1 Complete, finished, ample, copious (class.): orator plenus atque perfectus, Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59: plenior, opp. to jejunior, id. ib. 3, 4, 16: oratio plenior, id. Off. 1, 1, 2: pleniora scribere, Caes. B. C. 1, 53.—
2 Full of, abounding or rich in any thing: plenum bonarum rerum oppidum, Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 38: quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario? Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: pleniore ore laudare, with fuller mouth, i. e. more heartily, id. Off. 1, 18, 61.—Hence, adv.: plēnē.
1 Lit., full (post-Aug.): vasa plene infundere, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 139.—
2 Trop., fully, wholly, completely, thorougnly, largely (class.): plene cumulateque aliquid perficere, Cic. Div. 2, 1: plene perfectae munitiones, Caes. B. G. 3, 3: aliquid vitare, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13: plene sapientes homines, id. Off. 1, 15: praestare aliquid, perfectly, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 14.—Comp.: plenius facere aliquid, Ov. P. 2, 11, 20: alere, Quint. 2, 2, 8.—Sup.: quamvis illud plenissime, hoc restrictissime feceris, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 13.
