ferus

From LSJ
Revision as of 09:23, 15 August 2017 by Spiros (talk | contribs) (3_5)

ὅτι μέντοι καὶ ἡ χρῆσις τῶν τρόπων, ὥσπερ τἆλλα πάντα καλὰ ἐν λόγοις, προαγωγὸν ἀεὶ πρὸς τὸ ἄμετρον, δῆλον ἤδη, κἂν ἐγὼ μὴ λέγωhowever, it is also obvious, even without my saying so, that the use of figures of speech, like other literary adornments, is something that has always tempted toward excess

Source

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

fĕrus: a, um, adj. cf. Gr. θήρ, Aeol. φήρ; Lat. ferox, etc.; v. ferio,
I wild, untamed.
I Lit., of animals and plants.
   A Adj. (syn. immanis, opp. cicur): quae vero et quam varia genera bestiarum vel cicurum vel ferarum! Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99; cf.: si hoc apparet in bestiis, volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris, id. Lael. 21, 81: apes (opp. cicures), Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 19: immanes et ferae beluae, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: fera et immanis belua, id. Ac. 2, 34, 108; Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Curt. 5, 4, 19; Suet. Aug. 67: leones, Hor. Epod. 7, 12: equus, id. S. 1, 5, 57: caprae, Verg. A. 4, 152: palumbus, Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 60 et saep.: arbores, Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 127: oliva, Stat. Th. 6, 7: fructus, Verg. G. 2, 36: odor (with solitudinem redolens), disagreeable, Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 76.—
   B Subst.
   1    fĕrus, i, m., a wild animal, wild beast (poet.); a lion, Phaedr. 1, 21, 8; a boar, id. 4, 4, 3; a horse, Verg. A. 2, 51; 5, 818; a stag, id. ib. 7, 489; a serpent, Sil. 6, 268.—
   2    fĕra, ae (sc. bestia), f., a wild animal, wild beast (class.): immani et vastae insidens beluae, quocumque vult, inflectit illam feram, Cic. Rep. 2, 40; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71: neque ulla re longius absumus a natura ferarum, id. Off. 1, 16, 50: ipsae ferae nullo insequente saepe incidunt (in plagas), id. ib. 3, 17, 68: multa in ea (silva Hercynia) genera ferarum nasci constat, Caes. B. G. 6, 25 fin.: neque homini neque ferae parcunt, id. ib. 6, 28, 2: formidolosae dum latent silvis ferae, Hor. Epod. 5, 55: more ferarum, id. S. 1, 3, 109: Romulea fera, the she-wolf that suckled Romulus, Juv. 11, 104; a sea-monster, Ov. M. 4, 713; 719; a serpent, Hyg. Astr. 2, 42; the ant, Mart. 6, 15, 2; the constellations of the Great and Little Bear: magna minorque ferae, id. Tr. 4, 3, 1; Vulg. Gen. 37, 20.— Prov.: ferae inter se placidae sunt, morsuque similium abstinent, Sen. de lra, 2, 8, 3.—
II Transf., of places (syn. incultus): in locis feris arbores plura ferunt, in his, quae sunt culta, meliora, wild, uncultivated, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 7; cf.: ferus, ager incultus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 86 Müll.: montes, Verg. E. 5, 28: silvae, Hor. S. 2, 6, 92.—
III Trop., wild, rude, uncultivated; savage, barbarous, fierce, cruel (syn.: immanis, agrestis, inhumanus; opp. mansuetus, humanus): ipsis in hominibus nulla gens est neque tam mansueta neque tam fera, quae non, etc., Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.: nulla gens tam fera, nemo omnium tam immanis, cujus, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23: ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos, id. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 51: ferus atque agrestis, id. Rosc. Am. 27, 74: inhumani ac feri testes, id. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf. Ter. And. 1, 5, 43: ferus et ferreus, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 3: quam ferus et vere ferreus ille fuit! Tib. 1, 10, 2; v. ferreus: nemo adeo ferus est, ut non mitescere possit, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39: Britanni hospitibus feri, id. C. 3, 4, 33: Numantia, id. ib. 2, 12, 1: Iberia, id. ib. 4, 5, 27: animi hominum, studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feri, Cic. Rep. 2, 14; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 342, 33 (Rep. 2, 23 ed. Mos.): ingenium immansuetum ferumque, Ov. M. 15, 85; cf.: (ostendere ejus) mores feros immanemque naturam, Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 37: homines a fera agrestique vita ad hunc humanum cultum civilemque deducere, id. de Or. 1, 8, 33: victus, id. Inv. 1, 2, 2: moenera militiaï, Lucr. 1, 29: munera belli, id. 1, 32: hiems, Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 42; cf.: diluvies, Hor. C. 3, 29, 40: sacra (of death by sacrifice), Ov. M. 13, 454: dolores lenire requie, id. ib. 13, 317.—With supine: ferum visu dictuque (= δεινὸν ἰδεῖν καὶ λέγειν), Sil. 1, 175.—No comp. or sup.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) fĕrus,⁸ a, um (cf. θήρ),
1 sauvage, non apprivoisé ou non cultivé : Cic. Læl. 81 ; Nat. 2, 99 ; feræ silvæ Hor. S. 2, 6, 92, forêts sauvages
2 [fig.] sauvage, grossier, farouche, cruel, insensible : gens fera Cic. Leg. 1, 24, race féroce ; hostis ferus Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, ennemi cruel || fera hiems Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 42, hiver rigoureux ; fera diluvies Hor. O. 3, 29, 40, inondation sauvage.
(2) fĕrus,¹⁴ ī, m., animal : Virg. En. 2, 51 ; 7, 489.

Latin > German (Georges)

ferus, a, um (verwandt mit θήρ, äolisch φήρ), wild (Ggstz. cicur, mansuetus, domesticus), I) eig. = ungezähmt, unbearbeitet, in der Wildnis wachsend, -lebend, bestia, belua, Cic.: equus, Iustin.: mons, Verg.: silvae, öde, Hor.: fructus, Verg.: victus, Cic.: arbor, Plin. – subst., a) fera, ae, f. (sc. bestia), das wilde Tier, das Wild (Ggstz. cicur, das zahme T.), multa genera ferarum, Caes.: ferae morsus, Cels.: ferae rabies, Curt.: ferarum ritu, Liv. u.a.: pecudum ferarumque ritu, Liv.: feras agitare, Cic. u. Liv.: feras venari, Sen. u. Gell.: ferae nullo insequente saepe incĭdunt (in plagas), Cic.: attrib., fera castor, Apul. met. 1, 9. – dah. übtr., ein Gestirn, der Wolf, Caes. German. phaen. 675: magna minorque ferae, die beiden Bären, Ov. trist. 4, 3, 1: v. einem Seeungeheuer, Ov. met. 4, 719: v. Schlangen, Hyg. astr. 2, 42: v. der Ameise, Mart. 6, 15. – b) ferus, ī, m., das wilde Tier, das wilde Schwein, Ov.: der Ochse, Ov.: das Pferd (auch das hölzerne trojanische), Verg.: der (auch zahme) Hirsch, Verg.: die Schlange, Sil. – II) übtr.: A) der Bildung nach wild, ungeschlacht, adeon me ferum putas, Ter.: homines feri ac barbari, Caes.: fera agrestisque vita, Cic. – B) dem Charakter nach wild = hart, grausam, hostis, Cic.: Iuppiter, Verg.: nemo tam ferus fuerit, hart, gefühllos, Nep.: übtr., ensis, Ov.: bellum, caedes, dolores, Ov.: facinus foedum ac ferum, aus einem wilden Charakter hervorgegangene, Liv.: sacra, v. einem Menschenopfer, Ov.: hiems, Ov. – mit folg. 2. Supin., ferum visu dictuque (griech. δεινον ἰδειν καὶ λέγειν), schrecklich, Sil. 1, 175. – / faerus geschr., faerae ac leones, Fronto epist. 4, 1. p. 59, 12 N. – ferus ohne Kompar. u. Superl., für die ferocior u. ferocissimus eintreten, s. Wölfflin zu Liv. 21, 60, 4.