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Σοφία δὲ πλούτου κτῆμα τιμιώτερον → Pretiosior res opipus est sapientia → Die Weisheit ist mehr wert als Säcke voller Geld

Menander, Monostichoi, 482
m (Text replacement - "</span> ;" to "</span>;")
m (Text replacement - " shortd." to " shortened")
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|Transliteration C=per
|Transliteration C=per
|Beta Code=per
|Beta Code=per
|Definition=(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortd. form of [[περί]] (q. v.) in the sense of <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[very much]], [[however much]].—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. <b class="b3">ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα</b> [[all]] shortlived as I am, <span class="bibl">Il.1.352</span>; <b class="b3">φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">587</span>; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης <span class="bibl">3.201</span> : mostly concessive like [[καίπερ]] (q. v.), <b class="b3">ἀγαθός π. ἐών</b> [[however]] brave thou art, <span class="bibl">1.131</span>, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.164</span>; κύνεός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">9.373</span>; <b class="b3">δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">343</span>; μέγαν π. ἐόντα <span class="bibl">5.625</span>: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>55</span>(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1068</span> : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ <span class="bibl">Il.1.546</span>; γυνή π. οὖσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1043</span> : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής <span class="bibl">Il.2.246</span> : with [[καί]] preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.195</span>, etc.: with the part. [[ὤν]] omitted, <b class="b3">φράδμων π. ἀνήρ</b> [[however]] shrewd, <span class="bibl">16.638</span>; κρατερός π. <span class="bibl">21.63</span>; <b class="b3">χερείονά π</b>. <span class="bibl">17.539</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ θεός π</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1084</span> : with parts., <b class="b3">ἱεμένων π</b>. [[however]] eager, <span class="bibl">Il.17.292</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου</b> grieved [[though]] he was for... <span class="bibl">8.125</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> intens., <b class="b3">ἐλεεινότερός π</b>. more pitiable [[by far]], <span class="bibl">24.504</span>; <b class="b3">μίνυνθά π</b>. for a [[very]] little, <span class="bibl">1.416</span>, <span class="bibl">13.573</span>; <b class="b3">ὀλίγον π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.391</span>; <b class="b3">πρῶτόν π</b>. first [[of all]], <span class="bibl">14.295</span>; <b class="b3">ὑστάτιόν π</b>. <span class="bibl">8.353</span>; <b class="b3">ὀψέ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.80</span> : to strengthen a negation, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ… π</b>. not [[even]], not [[at all]], οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει <span class="bibl">Il.21.130</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.201</span>, <span class="bibl">11.841</span>, <span class="bibl">21.410</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">3.236</span>; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι <span class="bibl">11.441</span>; <b class="b3">ἢν μή π</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.10.70</span>; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα <span class="bibl">17.712</span>; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν <span class="bibl">21.308</span> : esp. [[at any rate]], <b class="b3">τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι</b> honour ([[whatever else]]) he owed me, <span class="bibl">1.353</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.236</span>, <span class="bibl">17.121</span>,<span class="bibl">239</span>; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">8.242</span> : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον</b> [[at all events]], <span class="bibl">1.508</span> : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π.… ἐλέαιρε <span class="bibl">9.301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.796</span>, <span class="bibl">12.349</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> after hypothetical Conjs., v. [[εἴπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> after temporal Conjs., <b class="b3">ὅτε π</b>. [[just]] when, <span class="bibl">Il.4.259</span>, <span class="bibl">5.802</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦμος… π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.86</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>301</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρίν π</b>. before [[even]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> after causal Conjs., v. [[ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δι' ὅ τι π]]. [[just]] because, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.186</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> after relats., v. [[ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> after the comp. particle, v. [[ἤπερ, ἠέπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> after [[καί]], v. [[καίπερ]].</span><span class="bld">περ</span> (B), Aeol. for [[περί]].
|Definition=(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortened form of [[περί]] (q. v.) in the sense of <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[very much]], [[however much]].—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. <b class="b3">ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα</b> [[all]] shortlived as I am, <span class="bibl">Il.1.352</span>; <b class="b3">φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">587</span>; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης <span class="bibl">3.201</span> : mostly concessive like [[καίπερ]] (q. v.), <b class="b3">ἀγαθός π. ἐών</b> [[however]] brave thou art, <span class="bibl">1.131</span>, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.164</span>; κύνεός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">9.373</span>; <b class="b3">δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">343</span>; μέγαν π. ἐόντα <span class="bibl">5.625</span>: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>55</span>(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1068</span> : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ <span class="bibl">Il.1.546</span>; γυνή π. οὖσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1043</span> : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής <span class="bibl">Il.2.246</span> : with [[καί]] preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.195</span>, etc.: with the part. [[ὤν]] omitted, <b class="b3">φράδμων π. ἀνήρ</b> [[however]] shrewd, <span class="bibl">16.638</span>; κρατερός π. <span class="bibl">21.63</span>; <b class="b3">χερείονά π</b>. <span class="bibl">17.539</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ θεός π</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1084</span> : with parts., <b class="b3">ἱεμένων π</b>. [[however]] eager, <span class="bibl">Il.17.292</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου</b> grieved [[though]] he was for... <span class="bibl">8.125</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> intens., <b class="b3">ἐλεεινότερός π</b>. more pitiable [[by far]], <span class="bibl">24.504</span>; <b class="b3">μίνυνθά π</b>. for a [[very]] little, <span class="bibl">1.416</span>, <span class="bibl">13.573</span>; <b class="b3">ὀλίγον π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.391</span>; <b class="b3">πρῶτόν π</b>. first [[of all]], <span class="bibl">14.295</span>; <b class="b3">ὑστάτιόν π</b>. <span class="bibl">8.353</span>; <b class="b3">ὀψέ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.80</span> : to strengthen a negation, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ… π</b>. not [[even]], not [[at all]], οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει <span class="bibl">Il.21.130</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.201</span>, <span class="bibl">11.841</span>, <span class="bibl">21.410</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">3.236</span>; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι <span class="bibl">11.441</span>; <b class="b3">ἢν μή π</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.10.70</span>; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα <span class="bibl">17.712</span>; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν <span class="bibl">21.308</span> : esp. [[at any rate]], <b class="b3">τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι</b> honour ([[whatever else]]) he owed me, <span class="bibl">1.353</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.236</span>, <span class="bibl">17.121</span>,<span class="bibl">239</span>; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">8.242</span> : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον</b> [[at all events]], <span class="bibl">1.508</span> : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π.… ἐλέαιρε <span class="bibl">9.301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.796</span>, <span class="bibl">12.349</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> after hypothetical Conjs., v. [[εἴπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> after temporal Conjs., <b class="b3">ὅτε π</b>. [[just]] when, <span class="bibl">Il.4.259</span>, <span class="bibl">5.802</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦμος… π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.86</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>301</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρίν π</b>. before [[even]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> after causal Conjs., v. [[ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δι' ὅ τι π]]. [[just]] because, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.186</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> after relats., v. [[ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> after the comp. particle, v. [[ἤπερ, ἠέπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> after [[καί]], v. [[καίπερ]].</span><span class="bld">περ</span> (B), Aeol. for [[περί]].
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{{Slater
{{Slater

Revision as of 14:10, 14 September 2021

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Full diacritics: περ Medium diacritics: περ Low diacritics: περ Capitals: ΠΕΡ
Transliteration A: per Transliteration B: per Transliteration C: per Beta Code: per

English (LSJ)

(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortened form of περί (q. v.) in the sense of A very much, however much.—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.: 1 in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα all shortlived as I am, Il.1.352; φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν ib.587; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης 3.201 : mostly concessive like καίπερ (q. v.), ἀγαθός π. ἐών however brave thou art, 1.131, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών 15.164; κύνεός π. ἐών 9.373; δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν ib.343; μέγαν π. ἐόντα 5.625: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα A.Supp.55(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν S.Ph.1068 : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ Il.1.546; γυνή π. οὖσα A.Th.1043 : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής Il.2.246 : with καί preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών 15.195, etc.: with the part. ὤν omitted, φράδμων π. ἀνήρ however shrewd, 16.638; κρατερός π. 21.63; χερείονά π. 17.539; καὶ θεός π. A.Ag.1203, cf. 1084 : with parts., ἱεμένων π. however eager, Il.17.292; καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου grieved though he was for... 8.125. 2 intens., ἐλεεινότερός π. more pitiable by far, 24.504; μίνυνθά π. for a very little, 1.416, 13.573; ὀλίγον π. 11.391; πρῶτόν π. first of all, 14.295; ὑστάτιόν π. 8.353; ὀψέ π. Pi.N.3.80 : to strengthen a negation, οὐδὲ… π. not even, not at all, οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει Il.21.130, cf. 8.201, 11.841, 21.410, Od.1.59, 3.236; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι 11.441; ἢν μή π. Hdt.6.57. 3 to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα Il.10.70; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα 17.712; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν 21.308 : esp. at any rate, τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι honour (whatever else) he owed me, 1.353, cf. 2.236, 17.121,239; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ 8.242 : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον at all events, 1.508 : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π.… ἐλέαιρε 9.301, cf. 11.796, 12.349. II after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces: 1 after hypothetical Conjs., v. εἴπερ. 2 after temporal Conjs., ὅτε π. just when, Il.4.259, 5.802, etc.; ἦμος… π. 11.86; ὅταν π. S.OC301, etc.; πρίν π. before even, Il.15.588. 3 after causal Conjs., v. ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δι' ὅ τι π. just because, Hdt.4.186. 4 after relats., v. ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ. 5 after the comp. particle, v. ἤπερ, ἠέπερ. 6 after καί, v. καίπερ.περ (B), Aeol. for περί.

English (Slater)

περ
   a emphatic particle. ὅθεν περ καὶ Ὁμηρίδαι ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων τὰ πόλλ' ἀοιδοὶ ἄρχονται (N. 2.1) παίδων δὲ παῖδες ἔχοιεν αἰεὶ γέρας τό περ νῦν καὶ ἄρειον ὄπιθεν (fort. τό περ = ὅπερ) (N. 7.101)
   b concessive particle. ἴυξεν δ' ἀφωνήτῳ περ ἔμπας ἄχει (P. 4.237) ἐγὼ τόδε τοι πέμπω μεμιγμένον μέλι λευκῷ σὺν γάλακτι, ὀψέ περ (N. 3.80) [περ ἄν (codd.: πέραν Hermann) (N. 7.75) ]
   c καί περ, v. καίπερ: ὅς περ, v. ὅσπερ.

English (Strong)

from the base of πέραν; an enclitic particle significant of abundance (thoroughness), i.e. emphasis; much, very or ever: (whom-)soever.

English (Thayer)

an enclitic particle, akin to the preposition περί (Herm. de part. ἄν, p. 6; Curtius, § 359; cf. Lob. Pathol. Elementa, i. 290; others (connect it directly with πέραν, etc., and) give 'throughly' as its fundamental meaning; cf. Bäumlein, Partikeln, p. 198), showing that the idea of the word to which it is annexed must be taken in its fullest extent; it corresponds to the Latin circiter, cunque, German noch so sehr, immerhin, wenigstens, ja; (English however much, very much, altogether, indeed); cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 791; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2, p. 722ff; (Donaldson, New Crat. § 178 at the end). In the N. T. it is affixed to the pronoun ὅς and to sundry particles, see διόπερ, ἐάνπερ, εἴπερ, ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ, ἤπερ, καθάπερ, καίπερ, ὅσπερ, ὥσπερ. (From Homer down.))

Greek Monolingual

(I)
Α
(εγκλιτ. μόριο) ΧΡΗΣΗ-ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑ: 1. (γενικά) (ως ενισχυτικό της σημασίας της λέξης στην οποία προστίθεται) πολύ, πάρα πολύ
2. (ειδικά) Ι. (ιδίως στον Όμ. σε συνεκφορά με τη μτχ. ὤν ως επιτατικό αλλά και βεβαιωτικό συγχρόνως) πολύ ή πράγματι («Ἰθάκης κραναῆς περ ἐούσης», Ομ. Ιλ.)
II. (συν. με τη μτχ. ὤν και ως εναντιωματικό) παρ' όλο που, αν και, μολονότι («γενναῑός περ ὤν», Σοφ.)
III. (για εμφαντικότερη διαβεβαίωση ή υπογράμμιση όρου που αναφέρεται στην αμέσως προηγούμενη πρόταση) α) αφού τα πράγματα έχουν έτσι
β) τουλάχιστον, πάντως
IV. (με συνδ. και αναφ. λέξεις συνήθως τους προσδίδει βεβαιωτική χροιά) α) (με υποθ. σύνδ.) είπερ
i) αν πράγματι
ii) και αν ακόμη
iii) εάν δηλαδή
β) (με χρον. σύνδ.) i) ὅτε περ
όταν ακριβώς
ii)) πρίν περ
πριν ακόμη
γ) (με αιτιολ. σύνδ.) ἐπείπερ,, ἐπειδήπερ, δι' ὅτι περ
ακριβώς εξαιτίας του ότι, ακριβώς διότι
δ) (με αναφ. λ.) i) ὅσπερ
ο οποίος ακριβώς
ii) οἷός περ
τέτοιος ακριβώς
iii) ὅσοσπερ
όσος ακριβώς
iv) ἔνθαπερ
εκεί ακριβώς
ν) οὗπερ
όπου ακριβώς
vi) ἧπερ
όπως ακριβώς
ε) (με το διαζευκτικό ή ἠέ), ἤπερ, ἠέπερ
ή ακόμη
στ) (με το καὶ) καίπερ
αν και, μολονότι.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Εγκλιτικό μόριο που αντιστοιχεί πιθ. με το λατ. -per (πρβλ. λατ. nu-per, sem-per, paulis-per) και ανάγεται στον ίδιο ΙΕ τ. per με τα: πέρα, παρά, περί, προ].
(II)
Α
(πρόθεση) (αιολ. τ.) βλ. περί.

Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)

περ [~ περί] enclit. partikel, vooral bij Hom. en in poëzie; drukt uit dat de spreker een tekstelement bij uitstek relevant acht, terwijl hij veronderstelt dat het publiek dat niet verwacht richt de aandacht op het specifieke punt uitgedrukt door het voorafgaande tekstelement (in Ned. vaak alleen door intonatie uit te drukken) precies, net; ὡς... περ (= ὥσπερ):. ὡς τὸ πάρος περ precies als vroeger Il. 5.806; ὀλίγον περ echt maar een beetje Il. 11.391; οἷον ὅτε πρῶτόν περ ἐμισγέσθην φιλότητι precies zoals toen ze voor de eerste keer met elkaar naar bed gingen Il. 14.295. juist, in elk geval:. τόδε πέρ μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ· αὐτοὺς δή περ ἔασον ὑπεκφυγέειν vervul dan déze wens voor mij. Laat onszélf dan (tenminste) ontkomen Il. 8.242-243. drukt uit dat het woord dat aan περ voorafgaat, constrasteert met een ander tekstelement of met een verwachting (contrast in Ned. vaak alleen door intonatie aan te geven) met pron. pers.. ἐκ μέν τοι ἐρέω... ἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μοι εἰπέ ik zal het je zeggen... maar zeg jíj me dan... Od. 4.379. vaak met ptc. dat zo een concessieve interpretatie krijgt (zelfs) al, (ook) al, hoewel:; ἀγαθός περ ἐών zelfs al ben je voortreffelijk Il. 1.131; κηδομένη περ al ben je bedroefd Il. 1.586; θεός περ ὤν hoewel ik een god ben Eur. Alc. 2; ἀσκευής περ ἐών ook al had hij geen gereedschap Hdt. 3.131.1; ook met andere contrasterende tekstelementen; ὅς τ ’ ἐφόβησε ταλάφρονά περ πολεμιστήν die zelfs een onverschrokken krijger op de vlucht laat slaan Il. 13.300; μένει τὸ θεῖον δουλίᾳ περ ἐν φρενί het goddelijke element blijft, zelfs in een slavenhart Aeschl. Ag. 1084; versterkt met καί:. καὶ κρατερός περ ἐών ook al is hij sterk Il. 15.195; μῶν καὶ θεός περ ἱμέρῳ πεπληγμένος toch niet getroffen door verlangen, ook al is hij een god? (van Apollo) Aeschl. Ag. 1204. in andere combinaties; ἄλλοτε περ... νῦν δ ’ een andere keer wel... maar nu Il. 19.200; vaak met negatie. οὔ περ τιν ’ ἀναίνομαι ik wijs absoluut niemand af Od. 8.212. in vaste combinaties met focusfunctie; bij voegw. εἴπερ, ἐάνπερ, ἐπείπερ, ἤπερ, καίπερ, ὅτεπερ, ὥσπερ zie daar; bij pron. rel. ὅσπερ, zie daar, markeert bepaaldheid van referent. γέρας δέ μοι ὅς περ ἔδωκεν, αὖτις... ἕλετο precies de man die mij het eergeschenk gegeven heeft, neemt het me weer af Il. 9.367.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: pcle
Meaning: stressing enclit. pcle (Il.).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [810] *per going through?
Etymology: Identical, in form and function, with Lat. -per in nu-per, parum-per etc., s. πέρι.

Frisk Etymology German

περ: {per}
Meaning: hervorhebende enklit. Partikel (vorw. ep. poet. seit Il.).
Etymology : Mit lat. -per in nu-per, parum-per usw. funktionell, wohl auch formal identisch, s. πέρι.
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Chinese

原文音譯:per 胚而
詞類次數:動詞(4)
原文字根:即使
字義溯源:多,果然,(強調,加強那字的性質:多),很,曾,任何;源自(πέραν)=那邊),而 (πέραν)又出自(πειράω)X*=穿過)
出現次數:總共(1);可(1)
譯字彙編
1) 任何(1) 可15:6

English (Woodhouse)

although

⇢ Look up on Google | Wiktionary | LSJ full text search (Translation based on the reversal of Woodhouse's English to Ancient Greek dictionary)