perdo

Latin > English

perdo perdere, perdidi, perditus V :: ruin, destroy; lose; waste

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

per-do: dĭdi, ditum, 3 (old form of the
I pres. subj. perduim, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6: perduis, id. Am. 2, 2, 215; id. Capt. 3, 5, 70: perduit, id. Ep. 1, 1, 64; id. Poen. 3, 4, 29; but esp. freq., perduint, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Aul. 4, 10, 55; id. Curc. 5, 3, 41; id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Most. 3, 1, 138; id. Men. 2, 2, 34; 3, 1, 6; 5, 5, 31; id. Merc. 4, 3, 11; 4, 4, 53; id. Poen. 3, 2, 33; 4, 2, 41; id. Stich. 4, 2, 15; id. Truc. 2, 3, 10; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 7; id. Hec. 3, 4, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 73; Cic. Deiot. 7, 21; id. Att. 15, 4, 3.—As the pass. of perdo, only pereo, perditus, perire appear to be in good use.—The only classical example of a pass. form in the pres. is: perditur haec inter misero lux non sine votis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (K. and H. ad loc.), where Lachm., perh. needlessly, reads lux porgitur, the day seems too long for me.—In the pass. perdi, in late Lat.;
v. infra), v. a., to make away with; to destroy, ruin; to squander, dissipate, throw away, waste, lose, etc. (class.; syn.: dissipo, perimo, deleo).
I Lit.: aliquem perditum ire, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 5: Juppiter fruges perdidit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131: funditus civitatem, id. Att. 6, 1, 5: se ipsum penitus, id. Fin. 1, 15, 49: perdere et affligere cives, id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33: perdere et pessundare aliquem, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 3: aliquem capitis, i. e. to charge with a capital offence, id. As. 1, 2, 6; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 86: sumat, consumat, perdat, squander, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; so, perde et peri, Plaut. Truc. 5, 59: perdere et profundere, to waste, Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3: perdere tempus, id. de Or. 3, 36, 146: operam, id. Mur. 10, 23; cf.: oleum et operam, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3: Decius amisit vitam: at non perdidit, Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57: cur perdis adulescentem nobis? cur amat? Cur potat? Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 36.—In execrations (very common): di (deaeque omnes) te perduint, may the gods destroy you! See the passages with perduint cited init.—Pass. (late Lat.): verbis perderis ipse tuis, Prosp. Epigr.: impii de terrā perdentur, Vulg. Prov. 2, 22: quasi sterquilinium in fine perdetur, id. Job, 20, 7.—
II Transf., in gen., to lose utterly or irrecoverably: eos (liberos), Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 3: omnes fructus industriae et fortunae, id. ib. 4, 6, 2: litem, to lose one's cause, id. de Or. 1, 36, 167: libertatem, id. Rab. Post. 9, 24: dextram manum, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104: memoriam, Cic. Sen. 7, 21: causam, id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11: spem, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 3: vitam, Mart. Spect. 13, 2: perii hercle! nomen perdidi, i. e. I have quite forgotten the name, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 39.—Pass. (late Lat.): si principis vita perditur, Amm. 14, 5, 4; Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (v. supra).—Of loss at play: ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere lusor, Ov. A. A. 1, 451; Juv. 1, 93.—Hence, perdĭtus, a, um, P. a., lost, i. e.,
   A Hopeless, desperate, ruined, past recovery (class.; syn. profligatus): perditus sum, i. q. perii, I am lost! Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 6; id. Rud. 5, 1, 3: per fortunas vide, ne puerum perditum perdamus, Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 5: perditus aere alieno, id. Phil. 2, 32, 78: lacrimis ac maerore perditus, id. Mur. 40, 86: tu omnium mortalium perditissime, id. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 64: rebus omnibus perditis, id. Caecin. 31, 90: senatoria judicia, id. Verr. 1, 3, 8: valetudo, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 29.—
   2    In partic., desperately in love; lost, ruined by love (poet.): amore haec perdita est, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 13: in puellā, Prop. 1, 13, 7: amor, Cat. 89, 2.—
   B Lost in a moral sense, abandoned, corrupt, profligate, flagitious, incorrigible: adulescens perditus ac dissolutus, Cic. Tusc. 4, 25, 55: homo contaminatus, perditus, flagitiosus, id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134: abjecti homines et perditi, id. Mil. 18, 47; id. Cat. 1, 6, 9: homo perditā nequitiā, id. Clu. 13, 36: perdita atque dissoluta consilia, id. Agr. 2, 20, 55: luxuriae ac lasciviae perditae, Suet. Calig. 25: nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 42, 13.—Hence, sup.: omnium mortalium perditissimus, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65; Just. 21, 5, 5.—Adv.: perdĭtē.
   1    In an abandoned manner, incorrigibly: se gerere, Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—
   2    Desperately, excessively: amare, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 32: conari, Quint. 2, 12, 5.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

perdō,⁷ dĭdī, dĭtum, ĕre, tr.,
1 détruire, ruiner, anéantir : Juppiter fruges perdidit Cic. Amer. 131, Jupiter a détruit les moissons || perdre, employer inutilement : tempus, operam Cic. de Or. 3, 146 ; Mur. 23, perdre son temps, sa peine || perdre au moral, corrompre : Pl. Bacch. 407 || causer la perte, la ruine, le malheur : Cic. Fin. 1, 49 ; [formule d’exécration] di te perduint ! Cic. Dej. 21, que les dieux causent ta perte ! maudis sois-tu !
2 faire une perte [irréparable, définitive] : liberos Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 3, perdre ses enfants ; memoriam Cic. CM 21, perdre la mémoire ; quicquid illis placuerat, perdendum erat Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 31, tout objet qui leur avait plu, était nécessairement perdu [c’en était fait] || [en part.] perdre au jeu : Cic. Phil. 2, 56. anc. forme du subj. perduim, is, it, int Pl. Aul. 664 ; Amph. 845 ; Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3 || perire sert de passif ; en dehors de perditus, un seul ex. de passif, perditur Hor. S. 2, 6, 59.

{{Georges |georg=per-do, didī, ditum, ere, gleichs. zugrunde geben; dah. I) (im Passiv gew. pereo, perditus, perire, s. Lachm. Lucr. p. 121) zugrunde richten, vernichten, verderben, ruinieren, unglücklich [[machen (Ggstz. servare), A) im allg.: alqm, Cic.: puerum perditum perdere, vollends zugrunde richten, Cic.: perd. funditus civitatem, Cic.: desiderium per luxum atque libidinem pereundi perdendique omnia, Liv.: alqm capitis perdere, jmd. ums Leben bringen, dem Tode preisgeben, Plaut. asin. 132; Bacch. 490; mil. 371. Gell. 1, 3, 4: nos quidem miseras perdidit, sie hat uns (durch ihren Tod) in die tiefste Trauer versetzt, Ter. Andr. 803: quae (mors) omnes cives perdiderit et afflixerit, für alle B. ein harter Schlag war, Cic. Rosc. Am. 33. – poet., p. serpentem, töten, Ov.: aethera umbrā, verdunkeln, Val. Flacc. – im Passiv verbis perderis ipse tuis, Prosper epigr.: impii de terra perdentur, Vulg. prov. 2, 22: ne cum istis iudicer et perdar in die iudicii, Augustin. serm. 5, 3: quasi sterquilinium in fine perdetur, Vulg. Iob 20, 7: ut licentiosis cupiditatibus domitis haec vitia perderentur, Augustin. epist. 138, 14. – B) insbes.: 1) vertun, verschwenden, unnütz vergeuden, fortunas, Ter. – operam od. oleum et operam, Cic.: blanditias, Ov.: quae ego si non profundere ac perdere videbor, Cic.: mortem od. letum, Sen. u. Lucan.: Decius amisit vitam, at non perdidit, Cornif. rhet.: tempus, Cic. u. Sen.: poteras has horas non perdere, konntest sie sparen, Plin. ep.: perditur haec inter misero lux non sine votis, Hor. sat. 2, 6, 59 (wo Lachmann unnötig porgitur = porrigitur lesen will; vgl. no. I, A u. no. II, A die Beisp. m. Passiv). – 2) moralisch verderben, cur perdis adulescentem nobis? Ter.: imperii mores, Plin. – II) übtr., unwiederbringlich verlieren, verlustig gehen, verlustig werden, um etwas kommen, A) im allg.: vidulum cum auro atque argento multo, Plaut.: arma, zonam, Hor.: liberos, Cic.: vocem, Cic.: oculos, Cic.: vitam, Mart. (u. im Passiv si principis vita perditur, Amm. 14, 5, 4 [wo Gardth. periclitetur]): litem, Cic.: spem, Plaut. u. Liv.: fugam, den Weg zur Fl., Mart. – nomen, vergessen, Ter.: qui se putaret nihil habere, quod de existimatione perderet, Cornif. rhet.: ne quid aut ex amore aut ex iudicio tuo perdam, Planc. in Cic. ep. – B) insbes., im Spiele verlieren, quod in alea perdiderat, der Spielverlust, Cic.: absol., non cessat perdere lusor, Ov.: lucrandi perdendive temeritas, Spielwut, Tac. – / Vulg. Perf. perdedi, Corp. inscr. Lat. 7, 140 (wo perdedit). – archaist. Coniunct. Praes. perduim, is, it, int, Plaut. aul. 672; Amph. 845; Epid. 66 u.a. Ter. heaut. 811 u.a.: u. in der Verwünschungsformel di te (istum u. dgl.) perduint! Cic. Deiot. 21; ad Att. 15, 4, 3. Apul. met. 9. 21; apol. 75. }}