βίβλος: Difference between revisions
Οὕτως ἔδειξέν μοι κύριος καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐπιγονὴ ἀκρίδων ἐρχομένη ἑωθινή, καὶ ἰδοὺ βροῦχος εἷς Γωγ ὁ βασιλεύς (Amos 7:1) → Thus the Lord showed me and look, early-morning offspring of locusts coming, and look, one locust-larva: Gog the king.
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{{mantoulidis | {{mantoulidis | ||
|mantxt=(=βιβλίο κατασκευασμένο ἀπό φλούδα παπύρου). Ἀπό τή λέξη [[βύβλος]] (=[[Αἰγυπτιακός]] [[πάπυρος]]). Ἀπό ἐδῶ παράγεται ἡ λέξη [[βιβλίον]] ([[ὑποκοριστικός]]ς τοῦ [[βίβλος]]). | |mantxt=(=βιβλίο κατασκευασμένο ἀπό φλούδα παπύρου). Ἀπό τή λέξη [[βύβλος]] (=[[Αἰγυπτιακός]] [[πάπυρος]]). Ἀπό ἐδῶ παράγεται ἡ λέξη [[βιβλίον]] ([[ὑποκοριστικός]]ς τοῦ [[βίβλος]]). | ||
}} | |||
{{trml | |||
|trtx====[[book]]=== | |||
Abaza: книга, апхьага, кьтап; Abkhaz: ашәҟәы; Adyghe: тхылъ; Afar: kitab; Afrikaans: boek; Aghwan: 𐕁𐔼𐕗; Ainu: カㇺビソㇱ; Alabama: holisso; Albanian: libër; Ambonese Malay: buku; Amharic: መጽሃፍ; Apache Western Apache: nałtsoos; Arabic: كِتَاب; Algerian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic: كتاب; Egyptian Arabic: كتاب; North Levantine Arabic: كتاب; Tunisian Arabic: كتاب; Aragonese: libro; Armenian: գիրք; Aromanian: vivlie, carte; Assamese: কিতাপ, পুথি; Asturian: llibru; Atayal: biru'; Atong: kitap; Avar: тӏехь, таптар, тӏахьал; Aymara: panka; Azerbaijani: kitab; Bambara: gafɛ; Bashkir: китап; Basque: liburu; Belarusian: кні́га, кні́жка; Bengali: বই, কিতাব, গ্রন্থ, পুস্তক; Biatah Bidayuh: buk; Bislama: buk; Breton: levr; Bulgarian: книга; Burmese: စာအုပ်; Buryat: ном; Catalan: llibre; Central Dusun: buuk; Chagatai: كتاب; Chamorro: lepblo; Chechen: книшка, кинчка, жайна; Cherokee: ᏗᎪᏪᎵ, ᎪᏪᎵ; Cheyenne: mȯxe'ėstoo'e; Chichewa: buku; Chinese Cantonese: 書, 书; Dungan: фу; Gan: 書, 书; Hakka: 書, 书; Jin: 書, 书; Mandarin: 書/书, 书; Min Bei: 書, 书; Min Dong: 書, 书; Min Nan: 冊, 書, 书; Wu: 書, 书; Xiang: 書, 书; Chuvash: кӗнеке; Classical Syriac: ܟܬܒܐ; Coptic: ϫⲱⲙ; Cornish: lyver; Corsican: libru; Crimean Tatar: kitap; Czech: kniha; Dalmatian: lebro; Danish: bog; Dhivehi: ފޮތް; Dutch: [[boek]]; Eastern Mari: книга; Elfdalian: buok; Erzya: конёвкс, книга; Esperanto: libro; Estonian: raamat; Evenki: книга; Ewe: agbalẽ; Extremaduran: llibru; Fala: libru; Faroese: bók; Fijian: vola, ivola; Finnish: kirja; French: [[livre]], [[bouquin]]; Fula Adlam: 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫; Latin: [[deftere]]; Friulian: libri; Gagauz: kitap; Galician: libro; Ge'ez: መጽሐፍ; Georgian: წიგნი; German: [[Buch]]; Alemannic German: Buech; Central Franconian: Boch; Pennsylvania German: Buch; Gilaki: کیتاب; Gilbertese: boki; Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃; Greek: [[βιβλίο]], [[τόμος]], [[βυβλίο]]; Ancient Greek: [[βιβλίον]], [[βύβλος]], [[βίβλος]]; Greenlandic: atuagaq; Guaraní: kuatiañe'ẽ, aranduka; Gujarati: પુસ્તક, ચોપડી; Haitian Creole: liv; Hausa: littafi; Hawaiian: puke, liwele; Hebrew: סֵפֶר; Hiligaynon: tulún-an; Hindi: पुस्तक, किताब, बुक, ग्रंथ, बही, पोथी, पोथा, पुस्तिका, सिफर; Hungarian: könyv; Hunsrik: Buch; Iban: surat, bup; Icelandic: bók; Ido: libro; Igbo: akwụkwọ; Inari Sami: kirje; Indonesian: buku, kitab; Ingrian: kirja; Interlingua: libro; Inuktitut: ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑦ; Inuttut: unikkausik; Irish: leabhar; Isan: ปึ้ง; Istriot: leîbro; Italian: [[libro]]; Japanese: 本, 書籍, ブック; Javanese: buku, layang, serat; Jingpho: laika buk; Kabardian: тхылъ; Kabyle: adlis; Kalmyk: дегтр; Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ; Karachay-Balkar: китап; Karakalpak: kitap; Karelian: kirju; Kashubian: knéga, knyga, knëga, ksążka; Kazakh: кітап; Arabic: كىتاپ; Khakas: кинде; Khanty: книга, кинишка, ԓўӈатты нєпек; Khmer: សៀវភៅ; Kikuyu: rifuku; Kildin Sami: кыррьй, кнӣга; Kis: egetabu; Komi-Zyrian: небӧг, книга; Konkani: पुस्तक; Korean: 책(冊), 도서(圖書); Kumyk: китап; Kurdish Central Kurdish: پەرتوک, کتاو; Northern Kurdish: pirtûk, kitêb; Kven: kirja; Kwanyama: embo; Kyrgyz: китеп; Ladino Hebrew: ליב׳רו; Latin: [[livro]]; Lak: лу; Lakota: wówapi; Lao: ປຶ້ມ, ປຶ້ມຂຽນ, ຫນັງສື, ສັດຖະ, ພັບ; Latin: [[liber]], [[caudex]]; Latvian: grāmata; Laz: სუპარა; Lezgi: улуб, ктаб, дафтар; Lhao Vo: mug sug' paug', tung" paug', paug'; Ligurian: lìbbro, libbro; Limburgish: book; Lingala: búku; Lithuanian: knyga; Livonian: rōntõz; Lombard: liber; Louisiana Creole French: liv; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: book; German Low German: Book; Luganda: ekitabo; Luhya: sitabu; Lule Sami: girjje; Luxembourgish: Buch; Macedonian: книга; Malagasy: boky; Malay: buku, kitab, pustaka; Malayalam: പുസ്തകം; Malecite-Passamaquoddy: wikhikon; Maltese: ktieb; Manchu: ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ, ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ, ᠨᠣᠮᡠᠨ; Mansi: кнӣга; Manx: lioar; Maori: pukapuka; Marathi: पुस्तक; Maricopa: onyor; Mauritian Creole: liv; Middle English: bok; Mingrelian: სუფარა, წინგი; Mirandese: lhibro; Miyako: 書物; Moksha: книга; Mon: လိက် အုပ်; Mongolian Cyrillic: ном, бичиг; Mongolian: ᠨᠣᠮ, ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠋; Motu: buka; Mwani: kitabu, buku, livro; Nahuatl: amoxtli; Classical Nahuatl: āmoxtli; Nanai: дангса; Navajo: naaltsoos; Neapolitan: lìbbro; Nepali: पुस्तक, किताप; Newar: सफू; Nivkh: питғы; Nogai: китап; North Frisian: bök, buk; Northern Sami: girji; Northern Norwegian Bokmål: bok; Nynorsk: bok; O'odham: ʼoʼohana; Occitan: libre; Ojibwe: mazina'igan; Okinawan: 書物; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: боукꙑ, кънигꙑ; Old East Slavic: кънига; Old English: bōc; Old Irish: lebor; Old Javanese: tulis; Old Occitan: libre; Old Prussian: lāiskas; Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏; Oriya: ବହି; Orok: бичихэ; Ossetian: чиныг; Ottoman Turkish: كتاب; Pali: potthaka; Devanagari: पोत्थक; Thai: โปตถะกะ; Papiamentu: buki; Pashto: کتاب; Pawnee: raáwihaakaraaʾit, raáwihaakaraaʾiitusuʾ; Persian: کتاب, نسک, نامه; Phu Piedmontese: lìber; Plautdietsch: Buak; Polabian: bükvoi; Polish: książka, księga; Portuguese: [[livro]]; Pukapukan: lau, puka; Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ, ਕਿਤਾਬ; Quechua: liwru, p'anqa; Rabha: কাওছা; Rajasthani: पोथी; Romagnol: lìvar; Romani: ginadyi; Romanian: carte; Romansch: cudesch; Russian: [[книга]], [[книжка]]; Rusyn: книга; Rwanda-Rundi: igitabo; Samogitian: kninga; Sanskrit: पुस्तक, ग्रन्थ; Saterland Frisian: Bouk; Scots: beuk; Scottish Gaelic: leabhar; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: књи̏га; Roman: knjȉga; Seychellois Creole: liv; Shan: ပပ်ႉ, ၸႃႇဢုၵ်ႉ; Shona: bhuku; Shor: ном, книга; Sicilian: libbru; Sikaiana: laumea; Silesian: kniga; Sindhi: ڪِتابُ; Sinhalese: පොත; Skolt Sami: ǩeʹrjj; Slovak: kniha; Slovene: knjíga; Slovincian: knega; Somali: buug, kitaab; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: knigły; Upper Sorbian: kniha; Sotho: buka; Southern Altai: бичик, книга; Southern Sami: gærja; Southern Spanish: libro; Sudovian: laiskas; Sundanese: ᮘᮥᮊᮥ; Svan: ლა̈ირ; Swahili: kitabu, vitabu; Swazi: íncwadzí; Swedish: bok; Sylheti: ꠛꠂ; Tabasaran: китаб; Tagalog: libro, aklat; Tajik: китоб; Tamil: நூல், புத்தகம்; Tarantino: libbre; Tashelhit: ⴰⵔⵔⴰ; Tatar: китап; Telugu: పుస్తకం, పొత్తం; Tetum: livru; Thai: หนังสือ, สมุด; Tibetan: དེབ, ཕྱག་དེབ; Tigre: ክታብ; Tigrinya: መጽሓፍ, መጽሐፍ; Tlingit: x'úx'; Tocharian B: postak; Tok Pisin: buk; Tswana: buka; Tundra Nenets: книга, толаӈгобць'; Turkish: kitap, betik; Turkmen: kitap; Tuvaluan: tusi; Tuvan: ном; Udi: ҝирк; Udmurt: книга; Ukrainian: книжка, книга; Unami: lekhikàn; Urdu: کتاب, پستک, بک; Urhobo: e̖be; Uyghur: كىتاب; Uzbek: kitob; Venetian: łìbro; Veps: kirj; Vietnamese: sách, sổ, sách giáo khoa; Vilamovian: bihła, büch; Volapük: buk; Votic: tširjõ; Walloon: live; Waray-Waray: basahon, barasahon; Welsh: llyfr; West Frisian: boek; Western Ojibwa: masinahikan; Western Panjabi: پستک, کتاب; White Hmong: ntawv; Wiradhuri: garrandarang; Wolof: tééré bi, téere; Wutunhua: huaiqa; Xhosa: incwadi; Yagnobi: китоб; Yakut: кинигэ; Yami: vakong; Yiddish: בוך, ספֿר, חיבור; Yoruba: ìwé; Yucatec Maya: juʼun; Zazaki: kıtab, nustık; Zhuang: saw; Zulu: ibhuku, incwadi | |||
===[[papyrus]]=== | |||
Arabic: بَرْدِيّ, كُولَان, كَوْلَان; Egyptian Arabic: بردي; Armenian: պապիրուս; Old Armenian: պրտու; Belarusian: папі́рус; Bulgarian: папирус; Catalan: papir; Chinese Mandarin: 紙草/纸草, 纸草, 紙莎草/纸莎草, 纸莎草, 莎草; Czech: šáchor papírodárný; Finnish: papyruskaisla; French: [[papyrus]]; Galician: papiro; Georgian: პაპირუსი; German: [[Papyrus]], [[Echter Papyrus]], [[Papyrusstaude]]; Greek: [[πάπυρος]]; Ancient Greek: [[πάπυρος]], [[βύβλος]], [[βίβλος]]; Hebrew: גומא \ גֹּמֶא, פָּפִּירוּס, גומא פפירוס \ גֹּמֶא־פָּפִּירוּס; Hungarian: papirusznád; Ido: papiriero; Italian: [[papiro]]; Japanese: パピルス, カミガヤツリ; Korean: 파피루스; Latin: [[papyrus]]; Macedonian: папирус; Persian: پاپیروس; Polish: papirus; Portuguese: [[papiro]]; Russian: [[папирус]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: па̏пирус; Roman: pȁpirus; Sorbian Upper Sorbian: papjerowc; Spanish: [[papiro]]; Swedish: papyrus; Tagalog: papiro; Turkish: papirüs; Ukrainian: папі́рус; Vietnamese: cói | |||
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Revision as of 12:02, 24 February 2023
English (LSJ)
ἡ, v. βύβλος.
German (Pape)
[Seite 444] ἡ, Bast der Papyrusstaude, s. βύβλος; daraus gemachtes Papier; Buch, Aesch. Suppl. 946; Her. 5, 58; Plat. Theaet. 162 a u. Sp.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ἡ) :
1 écorce intérieure ou moelle du papyrus ; écorce en gén.
2 écrit, livre.
Étymologie: cf. βύβλος.
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
Russian (Dvoretsky)
βίβλος: ἡ
1 кора, преимущ. папируса Plat.;
2 книга, сочинение Eur., Arst., Dem.;
3 книга, раздел, глава, Polyb., Diod., Luc.
Frisk Etymological English
See also: s. βύβλος.
Middle Liddell
[Prob. a foreign word.]
I. the inner bark of the papyrus (βύβλος): generally, bark, Plat.
II. a book, of which the leaves were made of this bark, Dem.
English (Abbott-Smith)
βίβλος, -ου, ἡ (variant form of βύβλος, the Egyptian papyrus, paper made from its fibrous coat), [in LXX for סֶפֶר, the form βύβ- being sometimes used;]
a book, a roll, used much less freq. than βιβλίον, and with a "connotation of sacredness and veneration" (MM, Exp., x), Mt 1:1 Mk 12:26, Lk 3:4 20:42 Ac 1:20 7:42 19:19; β. τ. ζωῆς, Phl 4:3, Re 3:5 20:15.†
English (Strong)
properly, the inner bark of the papyrus plant, i.e. (by implication) a sheet or scroll of writing: book.
English (Thayer)
βίβλου, ἡ (or rather ἡ βύβλος (but the form βίβλος is more common when it denotes a writing), the plant called papyrus, Theophrastus, hist. plant. 4,8, 2 f; (Pliny, h. n. 13,11 f (21 f)); from its bark (rather, the cellular substance of its stem (for it was an endogenous plant)) paper was made (see Tristram, Nat. Hist. etc., p. 433 f; especially Dureau de la Malle in the Memoires de l'Acad. d. Inscriptions etc. tom. 19 part 1 (1851), pp. 140-183, and (in correction of current misapprehensions) Prof. E. Abbot in the Library Journal for Nov. 1878, p. 323f, where other references are also given)), a written book, a roll or scroll: τῆς ζωῆς, βιβλίον. (From Aeschylus down.)
Greek Monolingual
η (AM βίβλος, Α και βύβλος)
Βίβλος, η
τα βιβλία της Αγίας Γραφής, της Παλαιάς και της Καινής Διαθήκης
νεοελλ.
συλλογή και έκδοση δημόσιων εγγράφων ή ορισμένων στοιχείων («λευκή βίβλος», «μαύρη βίβλος», «χρυσή βίβλος»)
αρχ.-μσν.
1. χειρόγραφο τεύχος
2. βιβλίο, σύγγραμμα
3. τμήμα συγγράμματος
αρχ.
1. το φυτό πάπυρος
2. ο φλοιός του φυτού
3. τα κομμάτια της εντεριώνης του φυτού που με κατάλληλη κατεργασία τα χρησιμοποιούσαν ως γραφική ύλη
4. κύλινδρος από πάπυρο
5. βίβλοι, αι και βύβλα, τα
α) τα έργα κάποιου συγγραφέα
β) μαγικά βιβλία.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Αβέβαιης ετυμολ. Υποστηρίζεται ότι το αρχικό βύβλος (το βίβλος μτγν. τ. κατ' επίδραση του βιβλίον), προήλθε από το όνομα της φοινικικής πόλεως Βύβλος (δάνεια λ. σημιτ. προελεύσεως, πρβλ. φοινικ. Gbl, ακκαδ. Gublu, εβρ. G∂bāl), απ' όπου εισάχθηκε στην Ελλάδα ο κατεργασμένος πάπυρος. Λόγω των φωνητικών και σημασιολογικών δυσχερειών που παρουσιάζει η ερμηνεία αυτή, έχει διατυπωθεί η υπόθεση υπάρξεως μιας δάνειας, άγνωστης προελεύσεως λ. βύβλος (με αρχική σημασία «το φυτό πάπυρος»), απ' όπου προήλθε η ελλ. ονομασία της φοινικικής πόλεως Βύβλος με παρετυμολογικό συσχετισμό προς το προσηγορικό ουσ.].
Greek Monotonic
βίβλος: ἡ,
I. εσωτερικός φλοιός του παπύρου (βύβλος)· γενικά, φλοιός, φλούδα, σε Πλάτ.
II. βιβλίο του οποίου τα φύλλα ήταν φτιαγμένα απ' αυτόν το φλοιό, σε Δημ. (πιθ. ξένη λέξη).
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
βίβλος: ἡ, ὁ ἐσώτερος φλοιὸς τοῦ παπύρου (βύβλος)· καθόλου, φλοιός, Πλάτ. Πολιτ. 228Ε. ΙΙ. βιβλίον τοῦ ὁποίου τὰ φύλλα ἦσαν πεποιημένα ἐκ τούτου τοῦ φλοιοῦ, Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 947, Δημ. 313. 13, κτλ.· αἱ βίβλοι, τὰ ἐννέα βιβλία ἤτοι διαιρέσεις τῆς ἱστορίας τοῦ Ἡροδότου, Λουκ. Ἡροδ. 1· πρβλ. βύβλος.
Frisk Etymology German
βίβλος: {bíblos}
Forms: älter (s. unten) βύβλος
Grammar: f.
Meaning: N. der ägyptischen Papyrusstaude, Cyperus Papyrus, ‘Papyrusbast, -rolle, Papier’ (Hdt., A. usw.).
Derivative: Davon βύβλινος (seit Od.), βίβλινος (Pap.) aus Papyrus gemacht; βυβλιά (Akz. nach Wackernagel-Debrunner Phil. 95, 191f.) Papyrusbeet (Tab. Heracl.; unsicher, s. Scheller Oxytonierung 47). — Ferner βυβλίον, durch Assimilation βιβλίον (woraus βίβλος; anders Kretschmer KZ 57, 253 A.) ‘Papier(blatt), Buch’ (ion. att.; zur Bildung Chantraine Formation 59); davon βιβλιακός zum Buch gehörig, gelehrt (Plb. usw.). Deminutivbildungen: βιβλί̄διον (βυ-) Büchlein, libellus (D. usw.; aus βιβλιίδιον? Schulze Q. 353; anders Chantraine 69); auch βιβλ(ι)άριον (βυ-), βιβλ(ι)αρίδιον, βιβλιδάριον. — Durch Rückbildung steht -βιβλος (zu βιβλίον) für *-βιβλιος im Hinterglied, s. Debrunner IF 60, 42f.
Etymology: Der Papyrusbast (und danach die Papyrusstaude) wurde nach der phönikischen Hafenstadt Byblos (Gubla, Gebal) benannt, von wo aus der Bast nach Verarbeitung zu den Griechen exportiert wurde. Lewy Fremdw. 172; außerdem Schwyzer 141 m. A. 4, 153. — Anders Alessio Studi etr. 18, 122.
Page 1,235
Chinese
原文音譯:b⋯bloj 比不羅士
詞類次數:名詞(13)
原文字根:書卷
字義溯源:書卷*,皮紙,書,冊,譜,篇,宗教性著作;這字是埃及借用語,原意為製紙植物之樹皮內層,以後就成為書寫的紙,登記的書冊;新約的末一卷書啓示錄用這宇來說到生命‘冊’( 啓3:5; 20:15; 22:19)
同源字:1) (βιβλαρίδιον / βιβλιδάριον)小冊子 2) (βιβλίον)卷,書 3) (βίβλος)書卷
出現次數:總共(13);太(1);可(1);路(2);徒(3);腓(1);啓(5)
譯字彙編:
1) 書(7) 可12:26; 路3:4; 徒1:20; 徒7:42; 徒19:19; 啓22:19; 啓22:19;
2) 冊(4) 腓4:3; 啓3:5; 啓13:8; 啓20:15;
3) 篇(1) 路20:42;
4) 譜(1) 太1:1
Mantoulidis Etymological
(=βιβλίο κατασκευασμένο ἀπό φλούδα παπύρου). Ἀπό τή λέξη βύβλος (=Αἰγυπτιακός πάπυρος). Ἀπό ἐδῶ παράγεται ἡ λέξη βιβλίον (ὑποκοριστικόςς τοῦ βίβλος).
Translations
book
Abaza: книга, апхьага, кьтап; Abkhaz: ашәҟәы; Adyghe: тхылъ; Afar: kitab; Afrikaans: boek; Aghwan: 𐕁𐔼𐕗; Ainu: カㇺビソㇱ; Alabama: holisso; Albanian: libër; Ambonese Malay: buku; Amharic: መጽሃፍ; Apache Western Apache: nałtsoos; Arabic: كِتَاب; Algerian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic: كتاب; Egyptian Arabic: كتاب; North Levantine Arabic: كتاب; Tunisian Arabic: كتاب; Aragonese: libro; Armenian: գիրք; Aromanian: vivlie, carte; Assamese: কিতাপ, পুথি; Asturian: llibru; Atayal: biru'; Atong: kitap; Avar: тӏехь, таптар, тӏахьал; Aymara: panka; Azerbaijani: kitab; Bambara: gafɛ; Bashkir: китап; Basque: liburu; Belarusian: кні́га, кні́жка; Bengali: বই, কিতাব, গ্রন্থ, পুস্তক; Biatah Bidayuh: buk; Bislama: buk; Breton: levr; Bulgarian: книга; Burmese: စာအုပ်; Buryat: ном; Catalan: llibre; Central Dusun: buuk; Chagatai: كتاب; Chamorro: lepblo; Chechen: книшка, кинчка, жайна; Cherokee: ᏗᎪᏪᎵ, ᎪᏪᎵ; Cheyenne: mȯxe'ėstoo'e; Chichewa: buku; Chinese Cantonese: 書, 书; Dungan: фу; Gan: 書, 书; Hakka: 書, 书; Jin: 書, 书; Mandarin: 書/书, 书; Min Bei: 書, 书; Min Dong: 書, 书; Min Nan: 冊, 書, 书; Wu: 書, 书; Xiang: 書, 书; Chuvash: кӗнеке; Classical Syriac: ܟܬܒܐ; Coptic: ϫⲱⲙ; Cornish: lyver; Corsican: libru; Crimean Tatar: kitap; Czech: kniha; Dalmatian: lebro; Danish: bog; Dhivehi: ފޮތް; Dutch: boek; Eastern Mari: книга; Elfdalian: buok; Erzya: конёвкс, книга; Esperanto: libro; Estonian: raamat; Evenki: книга; Ewe: agbalẽ; Extremaduran: llibru; Fala: libru; Faroese: bók; Fijian: vola, ivola; Finnish: kirja; French: livre, bouquin; Fula Adlam: 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫; Latin: deftere; Friulian: libri; Gagauz: kitap; Galician: libro; Ge'ez: መጽሐፍ; Georgian: წიგნი; German: Buch; Alemannic German: Buech; Central Franconian: Boch; Pennsylvania German: Buch; Gilaki: کیتاب; Gilbertese: boki; Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃; Greek: βιβλίο, τόμος, βυβλίο; Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, βύβλος, βίβλος; Greenlandic: atuagaq; Guaraní: kuatiañe'ẽ, aranduka; Gujarati: પુસ્તક, ચોપડી; Haitian Creole: liv; Hausa: littafi; Hawaiian: puke, liwele; Hebrew: סֵפֶר; Hiligaynon: tulún-an; Hindi: पुस्तक, किताब, बुक, ग्रंथ, बही, पोथी, पोथा, पुस्तिका, सिफर; Hungarian: könyv; Hunsrik: Buch; Iban: surat, bup; Icelandic: bók; Ido: libro; Igbo: akwụkwọ; Inari Sami: kirje; Indonesian: buku, kitab; Ingrian: kirja; Interlingua: libro; Inuktitut: ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑦ; Inuttut: unikkausik; Irish: leabhar; Isan: ปึ้ง; Istriot: leîbro; Italian: libro; Japanese: 本, 書籍, ブック; Javanese: buku, layang, serat; Jingpho: laika buk; Kabardian: тхылъ; Kabyle: adlis; Kalmyk: дегтр; Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ; Karachay-Balkar: китап; Karakalpak: kitap; Karelian: kirju; Kashubian: knéga, knyga, knëga, ksążka; Kazakh: кітап; Arabic: كىتاپ; Khakas: кинде; Khanty: книга, кинишка, ԓўӈатты нєпек; Khmer: សៀវភៅ; Kikuyu: rifuku; Kildin Sami: кыррьй, кнӣга; Kis: egetabu; Komi-Zyrian: небӧг, книга; Konkani: पुस्तक; Korean: 책(冊), 도서(圖書); Kumyk: китап; Kurdish Central Kurdish: پەرتوک, کتاو; Northern Kurdish: pirtûk, kitêb; Kven: kirja; Kwanyama: embo; Kyrgyz: китеп; Ladino Hebrew: ליב׳רו; Latin: livro; Lak: лу; Lakota: wówapi; Lao: ປຶ້ມ, ປຶ້ມຂຽນ, ຫນັງສື, ສັດຖະ, ພັບ; Latin: liber, caudex; Latvian: grāmata; Laz: სუპარა; Lezgi: улуб, ктаб, дафтар; Lhao Vo: mug sug' paug', tung" paug', paug'; Ligurian: lìbbro, libbro; Limburgish: book; Lingala: búku; Lithuanian: knyga; Livonian: rōntõz; Lombard: liber; Louisiana Creole French: liv; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: book; German Low German: Book; Luganda: ekitabo; Luhya: sitabu; Lule Sami: girjje; Luxembourgish: Buch; Macedonian: книга; Malagasy: boky; Malay: buku, kitab, pustaka; Malayalam: പുസ്തകം; Malecite-Passamaquoddy: wikhikon; Maltese: ktieb; Manchu: ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ, ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ, ᠨᠣᠮᡠᠨ; Mansi: кнӣга; Manx: lioar; Maori: pukapuka; Marathi: पुस्तक; Maricopa: onyor; Mauritian Creole: liv; Middle English: bok; Mingrelian: სუფარა, წინგი; Mirandese: lhibro; Miyako: 書物; Moksha: книга; Mon: လိက် အုပ်; Mongolian Cyrillic: ном, бичиг; Mongolian: ᠨᠣᠮ, ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠋; Motu: buka; Mwani: kitabu, buku, livro; Nahuatl: amoxtli; Classical Nahuatl: āmoxtli; Nanai: дангса; Navajo: naaltsoos; Neapolitan: lìbbro; Nepali: पुस्तक, किताप; Newar: सफू; Nivkh: питғы; Nogai: китап; North Frisian: bök, buk; Northern Sami: girji; Northern Norwegian Bokmål: bok; Nynorsk: bok; O'odham: ʼoʼohana; Occitan: libre; Ojibwe: mazina'igan; Okinawan: 書物; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: боукꙑ, кънигꙑ; Old East Slavic: кънига; Old English: bōc; Old Irish: lebor; Old Javanese: tulis; Old Occitan: libre; Old Prussian: lāiskas; Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏; Oriya: ବହି; Orok: бичихэ; Ossetian: чиныг; Ottoman Turkish: كتاب; Pali: potthaka; Devanagari: पोत्थक; Thai: โปตถะกะ; Papiamentu: buki; Pashto: کتاب; Pawnee: raáwihaakaraaʾit, raáwihaakaraaʾiitusuʾ; Persian: کتاب, نسک, نامه; Phu Piedmontese: lìber; Plautdietsch: Buak; Polabian: bükvoi; Polish: książka, księga; Portuguese: livro; Pukapukan: lau, puka; Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ, ਕਿਤਾਬ; Quechua: liwru, p'anqa; Rabha: কাওছা; Rajasthani: पोथी; Romagnol: lìvar; Romani: ginadyi; Romanian: carte; Romansch: cudesch; Russian: книга, книжка; Rusyn: книга; Rwanda-Rundi: igitabo; Samogitian: kninga; Sanskrit: पुस्तक, ग्रन्थ; Saterland Frisian: Bouk; Scots: beuk; Scottish Gaelic: leabhar; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: књи̏га; Roman: knjȉga; Seychellois Creole: liv; Shan: ပပ်ႉ, ၸႃႇဢုၵ်ႉ; Shona: bhuku; Shor: ном, книга; Sicilian: libbru; Sikaiana: laumea; Silesian: kniga; Sindhi: ڪِتابُ; Sinhalese: පොත; Skolt Sami: ǩeʹrjj; Slovak: kniha; Slovene: knjíga; Slovincian: knega; Somali: buug, kitaab; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: knigły; Upper Sorbian: kniha; Sotho: buka; Southern Altai: бичик, книга; Southern Sami: gærja; Southern Spanish: libro; Sudovian: laiskas; Sundanese: ᮘᮥᮊᮥ; Svan: ლა̈ირ; Swahili: kitabu, vitabu; Swazi: íncwadzí; Swedish: bok; Sylheti: ꠛꠂ; Tabasaran: китаб; Tagalog: libro, aklat; Tajik: китоб; Tamil: நூல், புத்தகம்; Tarantino: libbre; Tashelhit: ⴰⵔⵔⴰ; Tatar: китап; Telugu: పుస్తకం, పొత్తం; Tetum: livru; Thai: หนังสือ, สมุด; Tibetan: དེབ, ཕྱག་དེབ; Tigre: ክታብ; Tigrinya: መጽሓፍ, መጽሐፍ; Tlingit: x'úx'; Tocharian B: postak; Tok Pisin: buk; Tswana: buka; Tundra Nenets: книга, толаӈгобць'; Turkish: kitap, betik; Turkmen: kitap; Tuvaluan: tusi; Tuvan: ном; Udi: ҝирк; Udmurt: книга; Ukrainian: книжка, книга; Unami: lekhikàn; Urdu: کتاب, پستک, بک; Urhobo: e̖be; Uyghur: كىتاب; Uzbek: kitob; Venetian: łìbro; Veps: kirj; Vietnamese: sách, sổ, sách giáo khoa; Vilamovian: bihła, büch; Volapük: buk; Votic: tširjõ; Walloon: live; Waray-Waray: basahon, barasahon; Welsh: llyfr; West Frisian: boek; Western Ojibwa: masinahikan; Western Panjabi: پستک, کتاب; White Hmong: ntawv; Wiradhuri: garrandarang; Wolof: tééré bi, téere; Wutunhua: huaiqa; Xhosa: incwadi; Yagnobi: китоб; Yakut: кинигэ; Yami: vakong; Yiddish: בוך, ספֿר, חיבור; Yoruba: ìwé; Yucatec Maya: juʼun; Zazaki: kıtab, nustık; Zhuang: saw; Zulu: ibhuku, incwadi
papyrus
Arabic: بَرْدِيّ, كُولَان, كَوْلَان; Egyptian Arabic: بردي; Armenian: պապիրուս; Old Armenian: պրտու; Belarusian: папі́рус; Bulgarian: папирус; Catalan: papir; Chinese Mandarin: 紙草/纸草, 纸草, 紙莎草/纸莎草, 纸莎草, 莎草; Czech: šáchor papírodárný; Finnish: papyruskaisla; French: papyrus; Galician: papiro; Georgian: პაპირუსი; German: Papyrus, Echter Papyrus, Papyrusstaude; Greek: πάπυρος; Ancient Greek: πάπυρος, βύβλος, βίβλος; Hebrew: גומא \ גֹּמֶא, פָּפִּירוּס, גומא פפירוס \ גֹּמֶא־פָּפִּירוּס; Hungarian: papirusznád; Ido: papiriero; Italian: papiro; Japanese: パピルス, カミガヤツリ; Korean: 파피루스; Latin: papyrus; Macedonian: папирус; Persian: پاپیروس; Polish: papirus; Portuguese: papiro; Russian: папирус; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: па̏пирус; Roman: pȁpirus; Sorbian Upper Sorbian: papjerowc; Spanish: papiro; Swedish: papyrus; Tagalog: papiro; Turkish: papirüs; Ukrainian: папі́рус; Vietnamese: cói