crudus: Difference between revisions
Ὁ μὴ δαρεὶς ἄνθρωπος οὐ παιδεύεται → Male eruditur ille, qui non vapulat → nicht recht erzogen wird ein nicht geschundner Mensch
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|lnetxt=crudus cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um ADJ :: raw; bloody/bleeding; crude, cruel, rough, merciless; fierce/savage; grievous<br />crudus crudus cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um ADJ :: youthful/hardy/vigorous; fresh/green/immature; undigested; w/undigested food | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>crūdus</b>: a, um, adj. [[root]] kru-, of Gr. [[κρύος]]; cf. [[cruor]], [[crudelis]],<br /><b>I</b> [[bloody]], [[bleeding]], trickling [[with]] [[blood]], etc.<br /><b>I</b> Prop. (so [[rare]]): [[vulnus]], Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11: vulnera, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> Of [[food]], [[raw]], not [[cooked]]: [[quid]] tu curas, [[utrum]] crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15: [[exta]], Liv. 29, 27, 5: carnem mandere, Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of [[undigested]] [[food]]: [[pavo]], Juv. 1, 143; cf. trop.: [[lectio]] non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et [[velut]] confecta, Quint. 10, 1, 19; and, [[alvus]], [[Cato]], R. R. 125: qui crudum ructat, i. e. [[when]] [[undigested]] [[food]] rises in the [[stomach]], Cels. 1, 2; v. [[ructo]].— Transf., of persons [[suffering]] from [[indigestion]], etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61: crudior, Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. [[cruditas]]; so, bos, Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a [[pun]], Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—<br /> <b>B</b> In gen., of all [[physical]] or [[moral]] crudeness, immaturity, [[roughness]], etc.<br /> <b>1</b> Lit.<br /> <b>a</b> Unripe, [[immature]], [[crude]]: poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et [[cocta]], decidunt, Cic. Sen. 19, 71: [[pruna]] (opp. maturissima), Col. 12, 10, 3: [[muria]] (opp. matura), id. 12, 6, 2 al.: [[palmes]], Luc. 4, 317 ([[viridis]], Schol.); of an [[abscess]], not [[mature]], Cels. 5, 28, 11: [[puella]], Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12: funera nepotis, [[premature]], [[early]], Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478: [[amor]], [[yet]] [[young]], [[fresh]], id. Th. 2, 341; cf.: crudum [[adhuc]] [[servitium]], Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.: [[adhuc]] studia, Petr. 4: crudi [[sine]] viribus anni, Sil. 12, 348: juventus, not [[yet]] [[armed]], id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Opp. to [[age]], and the [[weakness]] arising from [[age]], [[fresh]], [[vigorous]]: jam [[senior]], sed cruda deo viridisque [[senectus]], Verg. A. 6, 304; imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac [[viridis]] [[senectus]], Tac. Agr. 29: cf. [[meus]], Sil. 5, 569.—<br /> <b>b</b> Unprepared, [[immature]], [[raw]], [[crude]]: crudum et immotum [[solum]], Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179: pix, Col. 12, 20, 6: [[corium]], Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for [[which]], [[poet]]., [[taurus]], Val. Fl. 4, 250; and, [[caestus]], made of [[raw]] [[hide]], [[undressed]] [[leather]], Verg. A. 5, 69: [[rudis]] cortice crudo [[hasta]], id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, [[unpolished]], [[rude]]: junctura addita crudis (numeris), Pers. 1, 92 (cf.: si [[forte]] aliquid [[decoctius]] audis, id. 1, 125).—Of the [[voice]], [[rough]], hoarse: [[quia]] [[crudus]] fuerit, Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.<br /> <b>a</b> Raw, not [[prepared]] or matured: ut cibos mansos ac [[prope]] liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita [[lectio]] non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et [[velut]] confecta memoriae tradatur, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—<br /> <b>b</b> Rough, [[unfeeling]], [[cruel]], [[merciless]] ([[poet]].).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Of [[personal]] subjects: dicat me Crudum virum esse, Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240: [[Getae]], id. Tr. 5, 3, 8: [[cena]], [[crude]] Thyesta, tua, Mart. 4, 49, 4: [[crudus]] et leti [[artifex]], Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,<br /> <b>(b)</b> Of things as subjects: bella, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58: [[ensis]], Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342: [[tyrannis]], Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum [[pistrinum]], [[most]] [[rude]], [[uncultivated]], [[Cassius]] ap. Suet. Aug. 4.—Adv. not in [[use]]. | |lshtext=<b>crūdus</b>: a, um, adj. [[root]] kru-, of Gr. [[κρύος]]; cf. [[cruor]], [[crudelis]],<br /><b>I</b> [[bloody]], [[bleeding]], trickling [[with]] [[blood]], etc.<br /><b>I</b> Prop. (so [[rare]]): [[vulnus]], Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11: vulnera, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> Of [[food]], [[raw]], not [[cooked]]: [[quid]] tu curas, [[utrum]] crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15: [[exta]], Liv. 29, 27, 5: carnem mandere, Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of [[undigested]] [[food]]: [[pavo]], Juv. 1, 143; cf. trop.: [[lectio]] non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et [[velut]] confecta, Quint. 10, 1, 19; and, [[alvus]], [[Cato]], R. R. 125: qui crudum ructat, i. e. [[when]] [[undigested]] [[food]] rises in the [[stomach]], Cels. 1, 2; v. [[ructo]].— Transf., of persons [[suffering]] from [[indigestion]], etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61: crudior, Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. [[cruditas]]; so, bos, Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a [[pun]], Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—<br /> <b>B</b> In gen., of all [[physical]] or [[moral]] crudeness, immaturity, [[roughness]], etc.<br /> <b>1</b> Lit.<br /> <b>a</b> Unripe, [[immature]], [[crude]]: poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et [[cocta]], decidunt, Cic. Sen. 19, 71: [[pruna]] (opp. maturissima), Col. 12, 10, 3: [[muria]] (opp. matura), id. 12, 6, 2 al.: [[palmes]], Luc. 4, 317 ([[viridis]], Schol.); of an [[abscess]], not [[mature]], Cels. 5, 28, 11: [[puella]], Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12: funera nepotis, [[premature]], [[early]], Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478: [[amor]], [[yet]] [[young]], [[fresh]], id. Th. 2, 341; cf.: crudum [[adhuc]] [[servitium]], Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.: [[adhuc]] studia, Petr. 4: crudi [[sine]] viribus anni, Sil. 12, 348: juventus, not [[yet]] [[armed]], id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Opp. to [[age]], and the [[weakness]] arising from [[age]], [[fresh]], [[vigorous]]: jam [[senior]], sed cruda deo viridisque [[senectus]], Verg. A. 6, 304; imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac [[viridis]] [[senectus]], Tac. Agr. 29: cf. [[meus]], Sil. 5, 569.—<br /> <b>b</b> Unprepared, [[immature]], [[raw]], [[crude]]: crudum et immotum [[solum]], Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179: pix, Col. 12, 20, 6: [[corium]], Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for [[which]], [[poet]]., [[taurus]], Val. Fl. 4, 250; and, [[caestus]], made of [[raw]] [[hide]], [[undressed]] [[leather]], Verg. A. 5, 69: [[rudis]] cortice crudo [[hasta]], id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, [[unpolished]], [[rude]]: junctura addita crudis (numeris), Pers. 1, 92 (cf.: si [[forte]] aliquid [[decoctius]] audis, id. 1, 125).—Of the [[voice]], [[rough]], hoarse: [[quia]] [[crudus]] fuerit, Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.<br /> <b>a</b> Raw, not [[prepared]] or matured: ut cibos mansos ac [[prope]] liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita [[lectio]] non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et [[velut]] confecta memoriae tradatur, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—<br /> <b>b</b> Rough, [[unfeeling]], [[cruel]], [[merciless]] ([[poet]].).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Of [[personal]] subjects: dicat me Crudum virum esse, Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240: [[Getae]], id. Tr. 5, 3, 8: [[cena]], [[crude]] Thyesta, tua, Mart. 4, 49, 4: [[crudus]] et leti [[artifex]], Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,<br /> <b>(b)</b> Of things as subjects: bella, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58: [[ensis]], Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342: [[tyrannis]], Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum [[pistrinum]], [[most]] [[rude]], [[uncultivated]], [[Cassius]] ap. Suet. Aug. 4.—Adv. not in [[use]]. | ||
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{{Gaffiot | {{Gaffiot | ||
|gf=<b>crūdus</b>,¹⁰ a, um ([[cruor]]), encore rouge,<br /><b>1</b> saignant, cru, [[non]] cuit : Pl. Aul. 430 ; Ov. F. 6, 158 ; Liv. 29, 27, 5 || brique [[non]] cuite : [[Varro]] R. 1, 14, 4 ; Curt. 8, 10, 25 ; Plin. 18, 99, etc. || fruit vert : Cic. CM 71 ; Col. Rust. 12, 10, 3 || brut, [[non]] travaillé [cuir] : [[Varro]] L. 5, 116 ; Virg. En. 5, 69 ; G. 3, 20 || blessure saignante, [[non]] cicatrisée : Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 5, 16, 11 || [[non]] digéré : Cels. Med. 1, 2, etc. || [activ<sup>t</sup>] qui n’a pas digéré, [ou] qui digère difficilement : [[Roscius]] crudior fuit Cic. de Or. 1, 124, [[Roscius]] a fait une trop mauvaise digestion, cf. Clu. 168 ; Fin. 2, 23 ; [[Cato]] Agr. 125 ; [[Varro]] R. 2, 4, 21 ; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49 ; Cels. Med. 2, 10 ; Sen. Ep. 89, 22<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] encore vert, frais [vieillesse] : Virg. En. 6, 304 ; Tac. Agr. 29 || récent : [[crudum]] [[servitium]] Tac. Ann. 1, 8, servitude toute fraîche || qui n’a pas la maturité pour le mariage : Mart. 8, 64, 11 || lecture mal digérée : Quint. 10, 1, 19<br /><b>3</b> [fig.] dur, insensible, cruel : Pl. Pœn. 1108 ; Truc. 644 ; Ov. M. 4, 240 || [[crudus]] [[ensis]] Virg. En. 10, 682, épée impitoyable ; cruda bella Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58, guerres cruelles. | |gf=<b>crūdus</b>,¹⁰ a, um ([[cruor]]), encore rouge,<br /><b>1</b> saignant, cru, [[non]] cuit : Pl. Aul. 430 ; Ov. F. 6, 158 ; Liv. 29, 27, 5 || brique [[non]] cuite : [[Varro]] R. 1, 14, 4 ; Curt. 8, 10, 25 ; Plin. 18, 99, etc. || fruit vert : Cic. CM 71 ; Col. Rust. 12, 10, 3 || brut, [[non]] travaillé [cuir] : [[Varro]] L. 5, 116 ; Virg. En. 5, 69 ; G. 3, 20 || blessure saignante, [[non]] cicatrisée : Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 5, 16, 11 || [[non]] digéré : Cels. Med. 1, 2, etc. || [activ<sup>t</sup>] qui n’a pas digéré, [ou] qui digère difficilement : [[Roscius]] crudior fuit Cic. de Or. 1, 124, [[Roscius]] a fait une trop mauvaise digestion, cf. Clu. 168 ; Fin. 2, 23 ; [[Cato]] Agr. 125 ; [[Varro]] R. 2, 4, 21 ; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49 ; Cels. Med. 2, 10 ; Sen. Ep. 89, 22<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] encore vert, frais [vieillesse] : Virg. En. 6, 304 ; Tac. Agr. 29 || récent : [[crudum]] [[servitium]] Tac. Ann. 1, 8, servitude toute fraîche || qui n’a pas la maturité pour le mariage : Mart. 8, 64, 11 || lecture mal digérée : Quint. 10, 1, 19<br /><b>3</b> [fig.] dur, insensible, cruel : Pl. Pœn. 1108 ; Truc. 644 ; Ov. M. 4, 240 || [[crudus]] [[ensis]] Virg. En. 10, 682, épée impitoyable ; cruda bella Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58, guerres cruelles.||brique [[non]] cuite : [[Varro]] R. 1, 14, 4 ; Curt. 8, 10, 25 ; Plin. 18, 99, etc.||fruit vert : Cic. CM 71 ; Col. Rust. 12, 10, 3||brut, [[non]] travaillé [cuir] : [[Varro]] L. 5, 116 ; Virg. En. 5, 69 ; G. 3, 20||blessure saignante, [[non]] cicatrisée : Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 5, 16, 11||[[non]] digéré : Cels. Med. 1, 2, etc.||[activ<sup>t</sup>] qui n’a pas digéré, [ou] qui digère difficilement : [[Roscius]] crudior fuit Cic. de Or. 1, 124, [[Roscius]] a fait une trop mauvaise digestion, cf. Clu. 168 ; Fin. 2, 23 ; [[Cato]] Agr. 125 ; [[Varro]] R. 2, 4, 21 ; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49 ; Cels. Med. 2, 10 ; Sen. Ep. 89, 22<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] encore vert, frais [vieillesse] : Virg. En. 6, 304 ; Tac. Agr. 29||récent : [[crudum]] [[servitium]] Tac. Ann. 1, 8, servitude toute fraîche||qui n’a pas la maturité pour le mariage : Mart. 8, 64, 11||lecture mal digérée : Quint. 10, 1, 19<br /><b>3</b> [fig.] dur, insensible, cruel : Pl. Pœn. 1108 ; Truc. 644 ; Ov. M. 4, 240||[[crudus]] [[ensis]] Virg. En. 10, 682, épée impitoyable ; cruda bella Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58, guerres cruelles. | ||
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{{Georges | |||
|georg=crūdus, a, um, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. (zu [[cruor]]), [[noch]] im rohen Zustande [[befindlich]], [[roh]], I) eig.: 1) [[noch]] [[nicht]] [[durch]] [[Feuer]] bereitet, a) [[roh]] = ungekocht, ungebraten, ungesotten, griech. [[ὠμός]] (Ggstz. [[coctus]], [[assus]]), [[caro]], [[Mela]]: olerum crudi [[caules]], Cels.: [[exta]] cruda victimae, Liv.: columbae [[iecur]] [[recens]] et cr., Cels.: [[ius]] ([[Brühe]]) cr., Apic.: cr. [[ovum]], Cels.: [[album]] ex [[ovis]], Cels.: [[vitellus]], Cels.: [[cocus]] [[omnia]] cruda attulit, Mart.: alqd [[estur]] [[crudum]] coctumve, Plin. – subst., [[quid]] tu curas [[utrum]] coctum an [[crudum]] [[edim]], Gekochtes [[oder]] Rohes, Plaut. – b) [[roh]] = [[ungebrannt]] (Ggstz. [[coctus]]), [[coctus]] [[later]] [[sive]] [[crudus]], Vitr.: crudo [[latere]] struere alqd, Curt. – 2) [[noch]] [[nicht]] [[von]] der [[Sonnenwärme]] zur [[Reife]] entwickelt, [[roh]] = ungezeitigt, [[unreif]] (Ggstz. [[coctus]], [[maturus]], [[coctus]] et [[maturus]]), poma, Cic.: [[pruna]], Col. – 3) [[noch]] [[nicht]] [[auf]] organischem Wege zur [[Reife]], zur [[Gärung]] gebracht: a) [[unverdaut]] [[oder]] [[nicht]] verdaut habend, α) [[unverdaut]] (Ggstz. [[concoctus]]), [[pavo]], Iuven, 1, 143: [[qui]] [[crudum]] ructat, dem es [[unverdaut]] aufstößt, Cels. – β) [[nicht]] verdaut habend, [[teils]] [[von]] dem, der [[momentan]] [[noch]] [[nicht]] verdaut hat, [[dessen]] [[Verdauung]] [[noch]] [[nicht]] vollendet ist, [[mit]] od. [[bei]] [[noch]] vollem [[Magen]], [[teils]] [[von]] dem, der [[nicht]] [[verdauen]] kann, an schlechter [[Verdauung]] (Krudität) [[leidend]], [[mit]] od. [[bei]] verdorbenem [[Magen]], est [[minime]] crudo [[sanguis]] mittendus, Cels.: ne ([[aeger]]) [[crudus]] sumat [[medicamentum]], Scrib.: [[namque]] [[pila]] lippis inimicum et ludere ([[Ballspiel]] u. dgl.) crudis, Hor.: [[qui]] de conviviis auferantur crudique [[postridie]] se [[rursus]] ingurgitent, Cic.: cum ad [[illud]] [[prandium]] crudior venisset, Cic.: [[Roscius]] crudior fuit, Cic.: [[quantulum]] ex ista [[fera]] [[periculose]] [[capta]] [[dominus]] [[crudus]] [[aut]] nauseans gustat? Sen.: u. so [[bos]] cr., die [[Kuh]], die das [[Futter]] [[nicht]] verdaut u. [[daher]] [[nicht]] [[bei]] [[sich]] behält = die [[Durchfall]] hat (griech. [[πολύχεσος]]), Hor. ep. 8, 6: [[alvus]] cr., [[schlecht]] verdauender, [[Cato]] r. r. 125. – b) [[noch]] [[nicht]] zersetzt, [[trübe]] (Ggstz. [[concoctus]]), [[urina]] [[tenuis]] et cr., Cels. 2, 7. p. 43, 29 D. – od. [[noch]] [[nicht]] [[gehörig]] gesättigt (Ggstz. [[maturus]]), [[muria]] (Lake), Col. 12, 6, 2. – c) ([[als]] mediz. t. t.) [[noch]] [[nicht]] in Eiterung übergegangen, [[unreif]] (Ggstz. [[maturus]]), [[crudum]] est, si etc., [[ein]] Abszeß ist [[noch]] [[nicht]] [[reif]], [[wenn]] usw., Cels. 5, 28. no. 11. – 4) [[roh]] = [[noch]] [[nicht]] geheilt, [[noch]] [[nicht]] verharscht, cr. [[adhuc]] [[vulnus]], Plin. ep.: cr. vulnera, Ov.: cruda vulnera retractare, [[noch]] [[nicht]] verharschte Wunden [[wieder]] [[aufreißen]], bildl. = die alten Schmerzen erneuern, Ov. – 5) [[roh]] = [[noch]] [[nicht]] [[durch]] [[Kunst]] bearbeitet, [[unbearbeitet]], [[rauh]], [[corium]], [[Varro]] LL. u. Vitr.: cortice crudo [[hasta]], Verg.: u. prägn., [[caestus]] cr., aus rohem [[Rindsleder]] gearbeiteter, Verg. – II) übtr.: 1) [[roh]]= [[nicht]] verarbeitet, ut cibos mansos ac [[prope]] liquefactos demittimus, [[quo]] facilius digerantur, [[ita]] [[lectio]] [[non]] cruda, [[sed]] multā iteratione mollita et [[velut]] confecta memoriae imitationique tradatur, Quint. 10, 1, 19 (das [[Bild]] [[also]] vom »[[Kauen]] u. Erweichen der Speisen im Munde«, [[nicht]] vom »[[Verdauen]]« hergenommen). – 2) ) [[noch]] [[frisch]], a) [[unreif]], [[noch]] [[nicht]] [[reif]] (Ggstz. [[maturus]]), cruda viro [[virgo]], Mart.: [[equa]] protervo [[adhuc]] cruda [[marito]], Hor. – [[crudus]] [[partus]], eine unreife [[Geburt]], Soran. – und [[noch]] [[frisch]] = zu [[neu]], zu [[frisch]], [[servitium]], Tac.: funera nepotis, Stat. – b) [[noch]] [[frisch]] = [[noch]] [[rüstig]], [[senectus]] cruda viridisque, Verg. Aen. 6, 304: [[senectus]] cr. ac [[viridis]], Tac. Agr. 29: misera [[insania]] crudae senectutis, Apul. apol. 53. – 3) [[roh]] [[von]] [[Gemüt]] [[oder]] [[von]] [[Geist]], a) [[roh]] [[von]] [[Charakter]], [[rauh]], [[gefühllos]], mitleidlos, [[grausam]], [[Diomedes]], Ov.: [[Getae]], Ov.: dicentem defodit altā [[crudus]] [[humo]], Ov. – v. personif. Lebl., [[ensis]], Verg.: bella, Ov. – b) [[geistig]] [[roh]] = [[ungebildet]], [[ungeschliffen]], cr. [[rusticitas]], Hier. epist. 8: crudissimum [[pistrinum]], [[Cassius]] [[bei]] Suet. Aug. 4, 2. – 4) [[rauh]] der [[Beschaffenheit]] [[nach]], hieme crudā, Amm. 20, 5, 4. | |||
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{{LaZh | |||
|lnztxt=crudus, a, um. ''adj''. :: 生未煮。生不熟。未銷化者。兇。— homo 食不銷化之人。Crudum servitium 難當之奴。 Crudum funus 夭死。Cruda senectus 壯之老人。Poma cruda 生果。 Cruda caro 生肉。Crudum vulnus 新傷。Crudum solum 未耕之地。Puella cruda marito 未可嫁之女。 | |||
}} | |||
{{trml | |||
|trtx====[[raw]]=== | |||
Ainu: フ; Albanian: gjallë; Arabic: نَيْء; Gulf Arabic: ني; Armenian: հում; Aromanian: crud; Assamese: কেঁচা; Azerbaijani: xam, çiy; Baluchi: هامگ; Basque: gordin; Belarusian: сыры; Bengali: কাঁচা; Bulgarian: суров; Burmese: စိမ်း; Catalan: cru; Cebuano: hilaw; Chamicuro: s̈hoyi; Chinese Mandarin: 生的; Czech: syrový; Dalmatian: croit; Danish: rå; Dutch: [[rauw]], [[rauwe]], [[rauw]]; Estonian: toores; Finnish: raaka; French: [[cru]]; Friulian: crût, crûd; Galician: cru; Georgian: ნედლი; German: [[roh]]; Greek: [[ωμός]], [[άψητος]], [[αμαγείρευτος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ὠμός]]; Hawaiian: maka; Hebrew: נָא, חַי; Higaonon: hilaw, manilaw; Hindi: कच्चा; Hungarian: nyers; Icelandic: hrár, óunninn; Indonesian: mentah; Interlingua: crude; Irish: amh; Old Irish: om; Italian: [[crudo]]; Japanese: 生の; Javanese: mentah; Kazakh: шикі; Khmer: ខ្ចី, ឆៅ; Korean: 생의, 날것의; Kurdish Central Kurdish: خاو; Northern Kurdish: xav; Kyrgyz: чийки, кам; Lao: ດິບ; Latgalian: zaļš; Latin: [[crudus]], [[incoctus]]; Latvian: jēls; Lithuanian: žalias; Luxembourgish: réi; Macedonian: сиров; Malay: mentah; Malayalam: പച്ച; Maltese: nej; Mansaka: ilaw; Manx: aw; Maori: mata; Mongolian: түүхий; Navajo: tʼáá tʼéehgo; Neapolitan: crudo; Nepali: काँचो; Northern Norwegian Bokmål: rå; Occitan: crus; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: сꙑръ; Old Javanese: mĕtah; Ossetian: хом; Pashto: اوم; Persian: خام; Pitjantjatjara: wanka; Plautdietsch: reiw; Polish: surowy; Portuguese: [[cru]], [[crua]]; Punjabi: ਕੱਚਾ; Quechua: chawa, cawa, hanku; Romanian: crud; Romansch: criv, criu, criev, crüj; Russian: [[сырой]]; Sanskrit: आम; Sardinian: cru, crudu, cruo, cruu; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: сѝров; Roman: sìrov; Slovak: surový; Slovene: surov; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: syry; Upper Sorbian: syry; Spanish: [[crudo]]; Swedish: rå; Tajik: хом; Tatar: чи; Telugu: పచ్చి; Thai: ดิบ; Tibetan: རྗེན་པ; Turkish: ham, çiğ; Turkmen: çig; Ukrainian: сирий; Urdu: کچا; Uyghur: خام; Uzbek: xom; Vietnamese: sống; Warlpiri: wanka; Welsh: amrwd; White Yiddish: רוי | |||
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Latest revision as of 06:58, 4 November 2024
Latin > English
crudus cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um ADJ :: raw; bloody/bleeding; crude, cruel, rough, merciless; fierce/savage; grievous
crudus crudus cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um ADJ :: youthful/hardy/vigorous; fresh/green/immature; undigested; w/undigested food
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
crūdus: a, um, adj. root kru-, of Gr. κρύος; cf. cruor, crudelis,
I bloody, bleeding, trickling with blood, etc.
I Prop. (so rare): vulnus, Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11: vulnera, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19; id. P. 1, 3, 16.—
II Transf.
A Of food, raw, not cooked: quid tu curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim? Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15: exta, Liv. 29, 27, 5: carnem mandere, Suet. Ner. 37.—So also of undigested food: pavo, Juv. 1, 143; cf. trop.: lectio non cruda sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta, Quint. 10, 1, 19; and, alvus, Cato, R. R. 125: qui crudum ructat, i. e. when undigested food rises in the stomach, Cels. 1, 2; v. ructo.— Transf., of persons suffering from indigestion, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; Quint. 11, 3, 27; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49; id. Ep. 1, 6, 61: crudior, Cic. Clu. 60, 168; cf. cruditas; so, bos, Hor. Epod. 8, 6 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, in a pun, Mart. 3, 13, 3 sq.—
B In gen., of all physical or moral crudeness, immaturity, roughness, etc.
1 Lit.
a Unripe, immature, crude: poma ex arboribus, cruda si sunt, vix evelluntur, si matura et cocta, decidunt, Cic. Sen. 19, 71: pruna (opp. maturissima), Col. 12, 10, 3: muria (opp. matura), id. 12, 6, 2 al.: palmes, Luc. 4, 317 (viridis, Schol.); of an abscess, not mature, Cels. 5, 28, 11: puella, Mart. 8, 64, 11; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 12: funera nepotis, premature, early, Stat. Th. 9, 391; cf. id. Achill. 1, 478: amor, yet young, fresh, id. Th. 2, 341; cf.: crudum adhuc servitium, Tac. A. 1, 8 fin.: adhuc studia, Petr. 4: crudi sine viribus anni, Sil. 12, 348: juventus, not yet armed, id. 3, 302; Claud. Cons. Hon. 3, 42.—
(b) Opp. to age, and the weakness arising from age, fresh, vigorous: jam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus, Verg. A. 6, 304; imitated by Tac.: quibus cruda ac viridis senectus, Tac. Agr. 29: cf. meus, Sil. 5, 569.—
b Unprepared, immature, raw, crude: crudum et immotum solum, Col. 2, 2, 25; cf. Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179: pix, Col. 12, 20, 6: corium, Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; for which, poet., taurus, Val. Fl. 4, 250; and, caestus, made of raw hide, undressed leather, Verg. A. 5, 69: rudis cortice crudo hasta, id. ib. 9, 743.—Of verses, unpolished, rude: junctura addita crudis (numeris), Pers. 1, 92 (cf.: si forte aliquid decoctius audis, id. 1, 125).—Of the voice, rough, hoarse: quia crudus fuerit, Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 125.—
2 Trop.
a Raw, not prepared or matured: ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta memoriae tradatur, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—
b Rough, unfeeling, cruel, merciless (poet.).
(a) Of personal subjects: dicat me Crudum virum esse, Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 14; id. Poen. 5, 2, 148; Ov. M. 4, 240: Getae, id. Tr. 5, 3, 8: cena, crude Thyesta, tua, Mart. 4, 49, 4: crudus et leti artifex, Sen. Hippol. 1220.—More freq.,
(b) Of things as subjects: bella, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58: ensis, Verg. A. 10, 682; cf. Sil. 7, 113; Stat. Th. 10, 342: tyrannis, Juv. 8, 223: crudissimum pistrinum, most rude, uncultivated, Cassius ap. Suet. Aug. 4.—Adv. not in use.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
crūdus,¹⁰ a, um (cruor), encore rouge,
1 saignant, cru, non cuit : Pl. Aul. 430 ; Ov. F. 6, 158 ; Liv. 29, 27, 5 || brique non cuite : Varro R. 1, 14, 4 ; Curt. 8, 10, 25 ; Plin. 18, 99, etc. || fruit vert : Cic. CM 71 ; Col. Rust. 12, 10, 3 || brut, non travaillé [cuir] : Varro L. 5, 116 ; Virg. En. 5, 69 ; G. 3, 20 || blessure saignante, non cicatrisée : Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 19 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 5, 16, 11 || non digéré : Cels. Med. 1, 2, etc. || [activt] qui n’a pas digéré, [ou] qui digère difficilement : Roscius crudior fuit Cic. de Or. 1, 124, Roscius a fait une trop mauvaise digestion, cf. Clu. 168 ; Fin. 2, 23 ; Cato Agr. 125 ; Varro R. 2, 4, 21 ; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49 ; Cels. Med. 2, 10 ; Sen. Ep. 89, 22
2 [fig.] encore vert, frais [vieillesse] : Virg. En. 6, 304 ; Tac. Agr. 29 || récent : crudum servitium Tac. Ann. 1, 8, servitude toute fraîche || qui n’a pas la maturité pour le mariage : Mart. 8, 64, 11 || lecture mal digérée : Quint. 10, 1, 19
3 [fig.] dur, insensible, cruel : Pl. Pœn. 1108 ; Truc. 644 ; Ov. M. 4, 240 || crudus ensis Virg. En. 10, 682, épée impitoyable ; cruda bella Ov. Am. 3, 8, 58, guerres cruelles.
Latin > German (Georges)
crūdus, a, um, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. (zu cruor), noch im rohen Zustande befindlich, roh, I) eig.: 1) noch nicht durch Feuer bereitet, a) roh = ungekocht, ungebraten, ungesotten, griech. ὠμός (Ggstz. coctus, assus), caro, Mela: olerum crudi caules, Cels.: exta cruda victimae, Liv.: columbae iecur recens et cr., Cels.: ius (Brühe) cr., Apic.: cr. ovum, Cels.: album ex ovis, Cels.: vitellus, Cels.: cocus omnia cruda attulit, Mart.: alqd estur crudum coctumve, Plin. – subst., quid tu curas utrum coctum an crudum edim, Gekochtes oder Rohes, Plaut. – b) roh = ungebrannt (Ggstz. coctus), coctus later sive crudus, Vitr.: crudo latere struere alqd, Curt. – 2) noch nicht von der Sonnenwärme zur Reife entwickelt, roh = ungezeitigt, unreif (Ggstz. coctus, maturus, coctus et maturus), poma, Cic.: pruna, Col. – 3) noch nicht auf organischem Wege zur Reife, zur Gärung gebracht: a) unverdaut oder nicht verdaut habend, α) unverdaut (Ggstz. concoctus), pavo, Iuven, 1, 143: qui crudum ructat, dem es unverdaut aufstößt, Cels. – β) nicht verdaut habend, teils von dem, der momentan noch nicht verdaut hat, dessen Verdauung noch nicht vollendet ist, mit od. bei noch vollem Magen, teils von dem, der nicht verdauen kann, an schlechter Verdauung (Krudität) leidend, mit od. bei verdorbenem Magen, est minime crudo sanguis mittendus, Cels.: ne (aeger) crudus sumat medicamentum, Scrib.: namque pila lippis inimicum et ludere (Ballspiel u. dgl.) crudis, Hor.: qui de conviviis auferantur crudique postridie se rursus ingurgitent, Cic.: cum ad illud prandium crudior venisset, Cic.: Roscius crudior fuit, Cic.: quantulum ex ista fera periculose capta dominus crudus aut nauseans gustat? Sen.: u. so bos cr., die Kuh, die das Futter nicht verdaut u. daher nicht bei sich behält = die Durchfall hat (griech. πολύχεσος), Hor. ep. 8, 6: alvus cr., schlecht verdauender, Cato r. r. 125. – b) noch nicht zersetzt, trübe (Ggstz. concoctus), urina tenuis et cr., Cels. 2, 7. p. 43, 29 D. – od. noch nicht gehörig gesättigt (Ggstz. maturus), muria (Lake), Col. 12, 6, 2. – c) (als mediz. t. t.) noch nicht in Eiterung übergegangen, unreif (Ggstz. maturus), crudum est, si etc., ein Abszeß ist noch nicht reif, wenn usw., Cels. 5, 28. no. 11. – 4) roh = noch nicht geheilt, noch nicht verharscht, cr. adhuc vulnus, Plin. ep.: cr. vulnera, Ov.: cruda vulnera retractare, noch nicht verharschte Wunden wieder aufreißen, bildl. = die alten Schmerzen erneuern, Ov. – 5) roh = noch nicht durch Kunst bearbeitet, unbearbeitet, rauh, corium, Varro LL. u. Vitr.: cortice crudo hasta, Verg.: u. prägn., caestus cr., aus rohem Rindsleder gearbeiteter, Verg. – II) übtr.: 1) roh= nicht verarbeitet, ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multā iteratione mollita et velut confecta memoriae imitationique tradatur, Quint. 10, 1, 19 (das Bild also vom »Kauen u. Erweichen der Speisen im Munde«, nicht vom »Verdauen« hergenommen). – 2) ) noch frisch, a) unreif, noch nicht reif (Ggstz. maturus), cruda viro virgo, Mart.: equa protervo adhuc cruda marito, Hor. – crudus partus, eine unreife Geburt, Soran. – und noch frisch = zu neu, zu frisch, servitium, Tac.: funera nepotis, Stat. – b) noch frisch = noch rüstig, senectus cruda viridisque, Verg. Aen. 6, 304: senectus cr. ac viridis, Tac. Agr. 29: misera insania crudae senectutis, Apul. apol. 53. – 3) roh von Gemüt oder von Geist, a) roh von Charakter, rauh, gefühllos, mitleidlos, grausam, Diomedes, Ov.: Getae, Ov.: dicentem defodit altā crudus humo, Ov. – v. personif. Lebl., ensis, Verg.: bella, Ov. – b) geistig roh = ungebildet, ungeschliffen, cr. rusticitas, Hier. epist. 8: crudissimum pistrinum, Cassius bei Suet. Aug. 4, 2. – 4) rauh der Beschaffenheit nach, hieme crudā, Amm. 20, 5, 4.
Latin > Chinese
crudus, a, um. adj. :: 生未煮。生不熟。未銷化者。兇。— homo 食不銷化之人。Crudum servitium 難當之奴。 Crudum funus 夭死。Cruda senectus 壯之老人。Poma cruda 生果。 Cruda caro 生肉。Crudum vulnus 新傷。Crudum solum 未耕之地。Puella cruda marito 未可嫁之女。
Translations
raw
Ainu: フ; Albanian: gjallë; Arabic: نَيْء; Gulf Arabic: ني; Armenian: հում; Aromanian: crud; Assamese: কেঁচা; Azerbaijani: xam, çiy; Baluchi: هامگ; Basque: gordin; Belarusian: сыры; Bengali: কাঁচা; Bulgarian: суров; Burmese: စိမ်း; Catalan: cru; Cebuano: hilaw; Chamicuro: s̈hoyi; Chinese Mandarin: 生的; Czech: syrový; Dalmatian: croit; Danish: rå; Dutch: rauw, rauwe, rauw; Estonian: toores; Finnish: raaka; French: cru; Friulian: crût, crûd; Galician: cru; Georgian: ნედლი; German: roh; Greek: ωμός, άψητος, αμαγείρευτος; Ancient Greek: ὠμός; Hawaiian: maka; Hebrew: נָא, חַי; Higaonon: hilaw, manilaw; Hindi: कच्चा; Hungarian: nyers; Icelandic: hrár, óunninn; Indonesian: mentah; Interlingua: crude; Irish: amh; Old Irish: om; Italian: crudo; Japanese: 生の; Javanese: mentah; Kazakh: шикі; Khmer: ខ្ចី, ឆៅ; Korean: 생의, 날것의; Kurdish Central Kurdish: خاو; Northern Kurdish: xav; Kyrgyz: чийки, кам; Lao: ດິບ; Latgalian: zaļš; Latin: crudus, incoctus; Latvian: jēls; Lithuanian: žalias; Luxembourgish: réi; Macedonian: сиров; Malay: mentah; Malayalam: പച്ച; Maltese: nej; Mansaka: ilaw; Manx: aw; Maori: mata; Mongolian: түүхий; Navajo: tʼáá tʼéehgo; Neapolitan: crudo; Nepali: काँचो; Northern Norwegian Bokmål: rå; Occitan: crus; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: сꙑръ; Old Javanese: mĕtah; Ossetian: хом; Pashto: اوم; Persian: خام; Pitjantjatjara: wanka; Plautdietsch: reiw; Polish: surowy; Portuguese: cru, crua; Punjabi: ਕੱਚਾ; Quechua: chawa, cawa, hanku; Romanian: crud; Romansch: criv, criu, criev, crüj; Russian: сырой; Sanskrit: आम; Sardinian: cru, crudu, cruo, cruu; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: сѝров; Roman: sìrov; Slovak: surový; Slovene: surov; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: syry; Upper Sorbian: syry; Spanish: crudo; Swedish: rå; Tajik: хом; Tatar: чи; Telugu: పచ్చి; Thai: ดิบ; Tibetan: རྗེན་པ; Turkish: ham, çiğ; Turkmen: çig; Ukrainian: сирий; Urdu: کچا; Uyghur: خام; Uzbek: xom; Vietnamese: sống; Warlpiri: wanka; Welsh: amrwd; White Yiddish: רוי
