arx

Latin > English

arx arcis N F :: citadel, stronghold, city; height, hilltop; Capitoline hill; defense, refuge

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

arx: arcis, f. arx ab arcendo, quod is locus munitissimus rubis, a quo facillime possit hostis prohiberi, Varr. L. L. 5, § 151 Müll; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 20; Isid. Orig. 15, 2, 32; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 428; v. arceo,
I a stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, ἀκρόπολις; in Rome, the Capitolium.
Lit.: arce et urbe orba sum, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 114 Müll.): optumates, Corinthum quae arcem altam habetis, id. ap. ejusd. Fam. 7, 6: edicite per urbem ut omnes qui arcem astuque accolunt, cives, etc.; Att. ap. Non. p. 357, 14: Illa autem in arcem hinc abiit, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 59; so id. Ps. 4, 6, 2: In arcem transcurso opus est, Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 17: Condere coeperunt urbīs arcemque locare, Lucr. 5, 1107: arcis servator, candidus anser, id. 4, 683: munire arcem, Cic. Pis. 34 fin.: cum Tarento amisso arcem tamen Livius retinuisset, id. de Or. 2, 67, 273: arx intra moenia in immanem altitudinem edita; Liv. 45, 28: arx Sion, Vulg. 2 Reg. 5, 7: arx Jerusalem, ib. 1 Macc. 13, 49: Romana, Liv. 1, 12: Capitolina, id. 6, 20; cf. id. 3, 18: Sabinus arcem Capitolii insedit mixto milite, Tac. H. 3, 69; Suet. Claud. 44 et saep. As the place on which auguries were received (cf. auguraculum): ut cum in arce augurium augures acturi essent, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; so Liv. 1, 18 and 24.—Hence,
   B Trop., defence, prolection, refuge, bulwark, etc.: Castoris templum fuit te consule arx civium perditorum, receptaculum veterum Catilinae militum, castellum forensis latrocinii, Cic. Pis. 5, 11: haec urbs, lux orbis terrarum atque arx omnium gentium, id. Cat. 4, 6; cf. id. Agr. 1, 6, 18: Africa arx omnium provinciarum, id. Lig. 7, 22: Stoicorum, id. Div. 1, 6, 10: arx finitimorum, Campani, Liv. 7, 29; 37, 18: tribunicium auxilium et provocationem, duas arces libertatis tuendae, id. 3, 45: arx ad aliquid faciendum, id. 28, 3: eam urbem pro arce habiturus Philippus adversus Graeciae civitates, id. 33, 14; Flor. 3, 6, 5: quasi arx aeternae dominationis, Tac. A. 14, 31.—
   C As the abode of tyrants, a poet. designation of tyranny (cf. Ascon. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5), Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 293 Heins.: cupidi arcium, Sen. Thyest. 342; cf. id. Contr. 4, 27: non dum attigit arcem, Juris et humani culmen, Luc. 7, 593 Corte; cf. id. 8, 490, and 4, 800; Tert. Apol. 4.—
   D Prov.: arcem facere e cloacā, to make a mountain of a mole-hill, Cic. Planc. 40.—
II Since castles were generally on a height, meton., a height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (usu. poet. and in Aug. and postAug. prose), lit. and trop.
   A Lit.: summā locum sibi legit in arce, upon the extreme height, Ov. M. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 12, 43. —So,
   2    In partic.
   a Of mountains: Parnasi constitit arce, Ov. M. 1, 467: arce loci summā, id. ib. 11, 393: Rhipaeae arces, Verg. G. 1, 240: flērunt Rhodopeïae arces, id. ib. 4, 461: septemque unā sibi muro circumdedit arces, id. ib. 2, 535: primus inexpertas adiit Tirynthius arces, i. e. Alpes, Sil. 3, 496; cf. Drak. ad id. 15, 305; Val. Fl. 3, 565: impositum arce sublimi oppidum cernimus, Petr. 116; cf. id. 123, 205, and 209.—
   b Of houses built on an eminence, Petr. 121, 107, and 293.—
   c Of the citadel of heaven: quae pater ut summā vidit Saturnius arce, Ov. M. 1, 163: summam petit arduus arcem, id. ib. 2, 306: sideream mundi qui temperat arcem, id. Am. 3, 10, 21.—
   d Of the heavens themselves: aetheriae arces, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 19: arces igneae, Hor. C. 3, 3, 10: caeli quibus adnuis arcem, Verg. A. 1, 250; cf. id. ib. 1, 259.—
   e Of temples erected on an eminence: dexterā sacras jaculatus arces, Hor. C. 1, 2, 3.—
   f Of the head: arx corporis, Sen. Oedip. 185; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 235.—
   B Trop., height, head, summit, etc. (rare): celsā mentis ab arce, Stat. S. 2, 2, 131: summae laudum arces, Sil. 13, 771; Sid. Carm. 2, 173: ubi Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli esse, head and front, Liv. 28, 42: arx eloquentiae, Tac. Or. 10.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

arx,⁸ arcis, f. (arceo, cf. Varro L. 5, 151),
1 citadelle, forteresse : Cic. de Or. 2, 273 ; Cæs. C. 2, 19, 5 ; Sall. J. 67, 1 ; Nep. Pel. 1, 2 || = le Capitole : Cic. Off. 3, 66 ; Fam. 1, 9, 8
2 [poét.] = place forte, ville : Virg. En. 3, 291 ; 4, 260
3 [fig.] citadelle, défense, protection : utitur hac lege, communi arce sociorum Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 17, il invoque cette loi, citadelle commune des alliés, cf. Verr. 2, 5, 126 ; Sest. 85, etc.
4 [poét.] lieu élevé, hauteur : a) Virg. G. 1, 240, etc. ; beatæ arces Hor. O. 2, 6, 22, les hauteurs fortunées : arces igneæ Hor. O. 3, 3, 10, les hauteurs de l’Empyrée ; b) les collines de Rome : Virg. G. 2, 535 ; En. 4, 234 ; 6, 783 ; c) cime, faîte : Parnasi Ov. M. 1, 467, le sommet du Parnasse, cf. Prop. 3, 15, 25 ; [fig.] Tac. D. 10 ; Quint. 12, 11, 28.

Latin > German (Georges)

arx, arcis, f. (v. Stamme ARC in arceo; vgl. Varr. LL. 5, 151), ein von Natur od. durch Kunst fester, hoher Punkt, der eine Stadt, eine Gegend deckt od. beherrscht, eine feste Höhe, -Anhöhe, -Berghöhe, Feste, Zitadelle, Burg, Zwingburg, griech. ἄκρα, ερυμα, I) eig.: A) im engern Sinne: iam montani signo dato ex castellis ad stationem solitam conveniebant, cum repente conspiciunt alios, arce occupatā suā, super caput imminentes, alios viā transire hostes, Liv.: Ianiculum quoque adiectum non inopiā loci, sed ne quando arx hostium esset, Liv.: nocte occupat collem imminentem urbi (Larissam eam arcem vocant), Liv. – v. der Arx von Rom, zunächst die (nördl.) Höhe des kapitol. Berges (j. Höhe von Araceli), dann auch der ganze Berg mit der Burg u. dem Kapitol, vobis (communis patria) arcem et Capitolium commendat, Cic.: ne quis patricius in arce aut in Capitolio habitaret, Liv.: Romana, Liv.: Capitolina, Liv., od. Capitolii, Tac.: Tarpeia, Kapitol, Verg.: dass. arces Tarpeiae, Ov.: u. als Ort, wo die Auspizien angestellt wurden, cum in arce augurium augures acturi essent, Cic.: quia (domus) auguribus ex arce augurium capientibus officiebat, Val. Max. – v. der Arx griech. Städte = ἄκρα, ἀκρόπολις, der höher gelegene u. befestigte Teil einer Stadt, die Akropolis, die Burg, feste Oberstadt, Tarentina arx, Liv.: non est (hoc opus), ut in arce (A. v. Athen) poni possit, quasi illa Minerva Phidiae, Cic.: arx (A. von Korinth) inter omnia in immanem altitudinem edita, Liv.: qui (Salinator) amisso oppido (Tarent) fugerat in arcem, Cic.: potitus est urbis Syracusarum, praeter arcem et insulam adiunctam oppido, Nep. – v. der Arx eines Reiches = erste Festung, Hauptbollwerk, Hauptwaffenplatz, quod Gentius eam (Scodram) sibi ceperat velut regni totius arcem, Liv.: ad caput arcem que regni Pergamum ducit oppugnandam, Liv. – Sprichw., arcem facere e cloaca, aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten machen, Cic. Planc. 95.
B) im weitern Sinne, v. Jupiters Himmelsburg, quae pater ut vidit summā Saturnius arce, Ov.: siderea arx, Ov.: Plur. v. Himmel selbst, aethereae arces, Ov.: igneae arces, Hor. – v. Götterwohnungen, d.i. Tempeln, sacras iaculatus arces, Hor. – v. Städten (vgl. Korte Lucan. 3, 84. Voß Verg. georg. 2, 172. p. 341), Romanae arces, v. Arpi in Apulien, Ov.: arces Bacchi, v. Dionysopolis am Pontus, Ov.: beatae arces, v. Korinth, Hor.: exustae Phocidos arces, v. Phokäa, Lucan. v. Berg- u. Gebirgshöhen (vgl. Drak. Sil. 15, 305. Voß Verg. georg. 1, 240. p. 123), Parnassi arx, Ov.: Plur., Roma septem una sibi muro circumdedit arces (Hügel), Verg.: Rhodopeiae arces, Verg.: inexpertae arces, v. den Alpen, Sil. – v. jedem Gipfel, jeder Spitze (vgl. Drak. Sil. 15, 305), corporis, das Haupt, der Kopf, Sen. poët.; vgl. alta capitis, Claud.: galeae corusca, Stat.
II) übtr.: A) wie unser Burg, Schirmfeste = Hort, Schutz, Schutzwehr, Zuflucht, v. Örtl., haec urbs lux orbis terrarum atque arx omnium gentium, Cic.: templum illud fuit te consule arx civium perditorum, receptaculum veterum Catilinae militum, castellum forensis latrocinii, Cic.: cis Iberum castra Romana esse, arcem tutam perfugium que novas volentibus res, Liv.: tyranni nuper eos (muros) arcem et munimentum sibi, non civitati paraverunt, Liv.: hic locus (forum) est igitur unus, quo perfugiant: hic portus, haec arx, haec ara sociorum, Cic. – v. Pers., ipsam arcem finitimorum, Campanos, adorti, Liv. – v. Abstr., munite communem arcem bonorum, obstruite perfugium improborum, Cic.: consulatum superesse plebeiis: eam esse arcem libertatis, id columen, Liv.: hanc (legem repetundarum) habent arcem, minus aliquanto nunc munitam, quam antea, verumtamen etc., Cic. Vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 33, 2.
B) = der eigentliche Sitz, Hauptsitz, die Hauptschanze, quae visa species... arcem eam (das Kapitol) imperii atque caput rerum portendebat, Liv.: urbem magnam et in ea parte, quā sita erat, arcem regni Zamam statuit oppugnare, Sall.: v. Pers., ubi Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli esse, Liv. – v. Abstr., arcem Stoicorum defendis, die Hauptschanze = den Hauptbeweisgrund, Cic.: num potui magis in arcem illius causae invadere? Cic.
C) (von der Arx als hohem Punkte) = Höhepunkt, Gipfel, quae te via... ad summas laudum perduxerit arces, Sil.: celsā mentis ab arce despicis errantes, Stat.: tecum mihi res non est, quod, cum natura tua in ipsam arcem eloquentiae ferat, errare mavis, Tac. dial.: qui (Pollio et Messala) Cicerone arcem iam tenente eloquentiae agere coeperunt, Quint.: Caesar... nondum attigit arcem iuris (der höchsten Gewalt) et, humanum culmen egressus, meruit etc., Lucan. 7, 593.
D) (v. der Arx als dem gewöhnl. Sitz der Herrscher, s. Nep. Tim. 3, 3. Sen. contr. 4 [8], 27. § 1) = Herrschaft, Thron, cupidi arcium, Sen. poët.: evertit arces respectus honesti, Lucan.