Θεός

English (Thayer)

Θεοῦ, ὁ and ἡ, vocative θῇ, once in the N. T., Act. Thom. 44f, 57; Eus. h. e. 2,23, 16; (5,20, 7; vit. Const. 2,55, 1. 59); cf. Winer's Grammar, § 8,2c.; (Buttmann, 12 (11)); (on the eight or more proposed derivations see Vanicek, p. 386, who follows Curtius, (after Döderlein), p. 513ff in connecting it with a root meaning to supplicate, implore; hence, the implored; per contra cf. Max Müller, Chips etc. 4:227f; Liddell and Scott, under the word, at the end)); (from Homer down); the Sept. for אֵל, אֶלֹהִים and יְהוָה; a god, a goddess;
1. a general appellation of deities or divinities: ἡ Θεός, G L T Tr WH; Θεοῦ φωνή καί οὐκ ἀνθρώπου, ἄνθρωπος ὤν ποιεῖς σεαυτόν Θεόν, λεγόμενοι θεοί, οἱ φύσει μή ὄντες θεοί, τοῦ Θεοῦ Ρ᾽εφαν (which see), εἰσί θεοί πολλοί, Philo de somn. i. § 39 ὁ μέν ἀλήθεια Θεός εἰς ἐστιν, οἱ δ' ἐν καταχρησει λεγόμενοι πλείους). (On the use of the singular Θεός (and Latin deus) as a generic term by (later) heathen writers, see Norton, Genuineness of the Gospels, 2nd edition iii. addit. note D; cf. Dr. Ezra Abbot in Chris. Exam. for Nov. 1848, p. 389ff; Huidekoper, Judaism at Rome, chapter i. § ii.; see Bib. Sacr. for July 1856, p. 666f, and for addit. examples Nagelsbach, Homer. Theol., p. 129; also his Nachhomerische Theol., p. 139f; Stephanus' Thesaurus, under the word; and references (by Prof. Abbot) in the Journal of the Society for Biblical Literature and Exegesis, i., p. 120 note.)
2. Whether Christ is called God must be determined from the only and true God: with the article, ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὑπό τοῦ Θεοῦ T Tr WH ἀπό); παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ, L T Tr WH here omit the article); παρά τῷ Θεοῦ, Tr text omits, and L WH Tr marginal reading brackets the article); ἐν τῷ Θεοῦ, ἐπί τῷ Θεῷ, εἰς τόν Θεόν, Tdf. πρός); ἐπί τόν Θεόν, πρός τόν Θεόν, Acts 24:(15 Tdf.),16, and many other examples without the article: ἀπό Θεοῦ, L T Tr WH ὑπό) παρά Θεοῦ, ἐκ Θεοῦ, παρά Θεῷ, κατά Θεόν, Winer's Grammar, § 19, under the word ὁ Θεός τίνος (genitive of person), the (guardian) God of anyone, blessing and protecting him: WH marginal reading (see below)); ὁ; but G T Tr WH text omit the phrase); ὁ Θεός μου, equivalent to οὗ εἰμί, ᾧ καί λατρεύω (Tr marginal reading brackets the genitive); κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν (in imit. of Hebrew אֱלֹהֶיך יְהוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ יְהוָה, אֱלֹהֵיכֶם יְהוָה, אֶלֹהֵיהֶם יְהוָה): Lightfoot as quoted under the word κύριος, c. α. at the beginning); ὁ Θεός καί πατήρ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ: L T Tr WH omit ἡμῶν and Χριστοῦ); L WH omit καί); ὁ Θεός as well as on πατήρ, cf. Fritzsche on Romans , iii., p. 232 f; (Oltramare on Romans , the passage cited; Lightfoot on Romans , the passage cited; also on Ephesians , the passage cited; Ellicott on Galatians , the passage cited; also, Ephesians , the passage cited); ὁ Θεός τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὁ Θεός καί πατήρ ἡμῶν, Θεός ὁ πατήρ, ὁ Θεός καί πατήρ, others κύριος καί πατήρ); ἀπό Θεοῦ πατρός ἡμῶν, , others omit ἡμῶν); ὁ Θεός πατήρ, L T Tr WH (cf. Lightfoot at the passage); elsewhere without the article as) Θεοῦ πατρός (in which phrase the two words have blended as it were into one, equivalent to a proper name, German Gottvater (A. V. God the Father)): ἀπό Θεοῦ πατρός, παρά Θεοῦ πατρός, 2 John 3; cf. Wieseler, commentary üb.
d. Brief a. d. Galat., p. 10ff ὁ Θεός with the genitive of the thing of which God is the author (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,1): τῆς ὑπομονῆς καί τῆς παρακλήσεως, τῆς ἐπλιδος, τῆς εἰρήνης, τῆς παρακλήσεως, τά τοῦ Θεοῦ, the things of God, i. e. α. his counsels, L β. his interests, γ. things due to God, τά πρός τόν Θεόν, things respecting, pertaining to, God — contextually equivalent to the sacrificial business of the priest, Xenophon, rep. Lac. 13,11; Fritzsche on Romans , iii., p. 262 f Nom. ὁ Θεός for the vocative: R G; Winer's Grammar, § 29,2; (Buttmann, 140 (123)). τῷ Θεῷ, God being judge (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 31,4a.; 248 (232 f); Buttmann, § 133,14): after δυνατός, ἀστεῖος, ἄμεμπτος, μέγας, ἀστεῖος, 2). For the expressions ἄνθρωπος Θεοῦ, δύναμις Θεοῦ, υἱός Θεοῦ, etc., Θεός τῆς ἐλπίδος etc., ὁ ζῶν Θεός etc., see under ἄνθρωπος 6, δύναμις a., υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐλπίς 2, ζάω I:1, etc.
4. Θεός is used of whatever can in any respect be likened to God, or resembles him in any way: Hebraistically, equivalent to God's representative or vicegerent, of magistrates and Judges , Prayer of Manasseh , Philo de mut. nom. § 22; quod omn. prob. book § 7; (ὁ σοφός λέγεται Θεός τοῦ ἄφρονος ... Θεός πρός φαντασίαν καί δοκησιν, quod det. pot. insid. § 44); πατήρ καί μήτηρ ἐμφανεις εἰσί θεοί, μιμούμενοι τόν ἀγεννητον ἐν τῷ ζοωπλάστειν, de decal. § 23; ὠνομάσθη (i. e. Moses) ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους Θεός καί βασιλεύς, de vita Moys. i. § 28; (de migr. Abr. § 15; de alleg. leg. i. § 13)); of the devil, ὁ Θεός τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (see αἰών, 3), ἡ κοιλία, Philippians 3:19.