Παιάν

English (LSJ)

ᾶνος, ὁ, Ep. Παιήων, ονος, Att., Ion. Παιών, ῶνος (v. sub fin.), Aeol. Πάων, ονος, Sapph.Supp.20c.5:—Paean or Paeon, the physician of the gods, Il.5.401,899, cf. Pi.P.4.270; Παιήονος γενέθλη, i.e. physicians, Od.4.232.
2 title of Apollo (later as epithet, Ἀπόλλωνι Παιᾶνι BCH11.94 (Hierocaesarea); ὦ βασιλεῦ Π.… Ἄπολλον BMus.Inscr.1151); ἰὴ Παιήον' ἄειδον h.Ap.517, cf. Call.Hec.1.1.10 (in Id.Ap.103 ἱὴ ἱὴ Παιήον', ἵει βέλος an etym. from ἵημι may be suggested); ἰὴ Παιών GDIiv p.884 (Erythrae, iv B. C.); ἰήϊε Παιάν A. Ag.146(lyr.), S.OT154(lyr.); ἰὼ Παιάν Id.Tr.221 (lyr.), Ar.Ach. 1212; ὦναξ Π. E.Alc.220, etc.; τὸν Παίωνά (better Παιῶνά) τε καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἐπικαλούμενος Pl.Criti.108c, cf. Lg.664c, A.Ag.1248; Πάον' ὀνκαλέοντες Sapph. l.c.; also of other gods, Ἀσκληπιὸς Παιών Ar. Pl.636, cf. Pae.Erythr.1; of Zeus at Rhodes, Hsch.; of Dionysus, Philod.Scarph.5, al., Orph.H.52.11; of Helios, ib.8.12; of Pan, ib. 12.11.
3 physician, healer, παιὼν γενοῦ τῆσδε μερίμνης A.Ag.99 (anap.); παιῶνα κακῶν S.Ph.168 (anap.).
b saviour, deliverer, ὦ θάνατε Παιάν A.Fr.255.1, cf. E.Hipp.1373 (anap.).
II παιάν, Ep. παιήων, Att., Ion. παιών, paean, i.e. choral song, addressed to Apollo or Artemis (the burden being ἰὴ or ἰὼ Παιάν, v. supr. 1.2), in thanksgiving for deliverance from evil, μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο, καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα Il.1.473; Κρητῶν παιήονες h.Ap.518; παιᾶν' ἐπευφήμησεν A.Fr.350.4, cf. B. 15.8, Procl. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.320 B.: hence opp. θρῆνοι, A.Ch.343 (anap.), cf. Sch.Ar.Pl.636 (but v. infr. 4); addressed to other gods, as to Poseidon after an earthquake, X.HG4.7.4.
2 song of triumph after victory, prop. to Apollo, Il.22.391 sq.; ἁλώσιμος π. A.Th.635, etc.; also, battle-song, παιᾶν' ἐφύμνουν σεμνὸν Ἕλληνες Id.Pers.393, cf. Lys.2.38, X.Cyr.4.1.6; addressed to Ares, Sch.Th.1.50; ἐξάρχειν τὸν π. or τοῦ παιᾶνος, X.Cyr.3.3.58, Plu.Rom.16; π. ποιεῖσθαι X.HG7.4.36.
3 any solemn song or chant, esp. on beginning an undertaking, Th.7.75 (pl.); π. γαμήλιος Ar.Th.1035 (lyr.); τριτόσπονδος π. A.Ag.247 (lyr.); ἔγχει κἀπιβόα τρίτον παιῶνα Pherecr.131.5, cf. Antiph.4, 85.5.
4 by oxymoron, π. Ἐρινύων, π. τοῦ θανόντος, A.Ag.645, Ch.151; π. στυγνός, of a dirge, E.Tr.126 (lyr.); παιᾶνα στενάζειν ib.577; π. τῷ κάτωθεν θεῷ Id.Alc.424.
III in Prosody, paeon, a foot consisting of 3 short and 1 long syllable,, or, Arist.Rh.1409a2 (in form παιάν; later παιών), Heph.3.3, etc.; also π. διάγυιος, the foot, and π. ἐπιβατός, a foot of 5 long sylls., Aristid. Quint.1.16.—Attic form: Παιών is used of the god in IG12.310.229 (v B. C.), and in codd. of Att. Prose and Com.; παιάν is used of the song in IG22.1338.19 (i B. C.), but this may be Hellenistic; codd. have παιών in Pherecr.131.5, Ar.Th.1035, Pl.Ion534d, Lg.700b, 700d, Ep.348b (prob. also in Smp.177a), παιάν in Antiph.4, D.19.338, Aeschin.2.162, and freq. in X., HGIl. cc., al. (cf. παιωνίζω); the metrical foot is always παιών; the Ion. forms are παιών, Παιών, SIG57.12 (Milet., v B. C.), GDIivp.884 (Erythrae, iv B. C.):—Accentuation: Παιών (the pr. n.) An.Ox.1.276; παιών (the song) Theognost.Can.38, Eust.138.10, 1109.11, Suid.; παίων is sometimes found in codd., and Παίων (the god) is right acc. to Suid. Cf. παιανίζω, παιανισμός, παιωνίζω, παιωνισμός.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ᾶνος (ὁ) :
Péan, surnom d'Apollon.
Étymologie: cf. Παιήων et Παιών.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

Παιάν: ᾶνος, эп. Παιήων, ονος, атт. Παιών, ῶνος ὁ
1 Пэан (бог-целитель, после Гомера отождествлялся преимущ. с Аполлоном, реже с Асклепием и др.): Παιήονος γενέθλη Hom. сыны Пэана, т. е. врачи;
2 целитель, избавитель (τῆσδε μερίμνης Aesch.; κακῶν Soph.; Θάνατος Π. Eur.).

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

Παιάν: ᾶνος, ὁ, Ἐπικ. Παιήων, ονος, Ἀττ. Παιών, ῶνος, (ἴδε ἐν τέλ.)· - ὁ ἰατρὸς τῶν θεῶν, ὅστις ἐν Ἰλ. Ε. 401, 899, θεραπεύει τοὺς τρωθέντας ᾍδην καὶ Ἄρη, «ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων», πρβλ. Πινδ. 4. 481· Παιήονος γενέθλη, οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ Παιήονος, δηλ. οἱ ἰατροί, Ὀδ. Δ. 232. 2) μεθ’ Ὅμ., τὸ ὄνομα καὶ τὸ ἔργον τῆς θεραπείας μετηνέχθησαν εἰς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα, ὃν οἱ χρῄζοντες βοηθείας ἐπεκαλοῦντο κράζοντες: ἰήιε Παιάν, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 146 Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 154· οὕτως, ἰὼ Παιὰν ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Τρ. 221, Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 1212· ὦναξ Π. Εὐρ. Ἄλκ. 220, κτλ.· ― Χωρίς ἀναφορᾶς εἰς τὴν ἰαματικὴν αὐτοῦ δύναμιν, τὸν Παιῶνά τε καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἐπικαλούμενος Πλάτ. Κριτι. 108C, πρβλ. Νόμ. 664C, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 1248· ― οὕτως, Ἀσκληπιὸς Παιὼν Ἀριστοφ. Πλ. 636· Παιὰν Ζεύς, ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ὀνόματι ἐτιμᾶτο ἐν Ρόδῳ, Ἡσύχ.· ἐπὶ τοῦ Διονύσου, τοῦ Ἡλίου, τοῦ Πανός, Ὀρφ. Ὕμν. 52. 11., 8. 12., 11. 11. 3) ὡς προσηγορ., ἰατρὸς, παιὼν γενοῦ τῆσδε μερίμνης Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 99· παιῶνα κακῶν Σοφ. Φιλ. 168· καὶ καθόλου, σωτήρ, λυτρωτής, ὦ θάνατε παιὰν Αἰσχύλ. Ἀποσπ. 244, πρβλ. Εὐρ. Ἱππ. 1373· ἴδε ἐν λέξ. παιώνιος. ΙΙ. παιάν, Ἐπικ. παιήων, χορικὸν ᾆσμα, ὕμνος ἢ ᾠδὴ ἀποτεινόμενα εἰς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ἢ τὴν Ἄρτεμιν (ἐπαναλαμβανομένου τοῦ ἰὴ Παιάν ἢ ἰὼ Παιάν, κτλ., ἴδε ἀνωτ. Ι. 2), ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ διὰ τὴν ἐκ κακοῦ τινος λύτρωσιν, μολπῇ θεὸν ἰλάσκοντο, καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα Ἰλ. Α. 473· παιᾶν’ ἐπευφήμησεν [Αἰσχύλ. Ἀποσπ. 281, πρβλ. Πρόκλ. παρὰ Φωτ. 523· ― ἐν ἀντιθέσει κυρίως πρὸς τὰς λέξ. θρῆνοι, στενάγματα κτλ., Αἰσχύλ. Χο. 343, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 5 καὶ 187, πρβλ. Σχόλ. εἰς Ἀριστοφ. Πλ. 636 (ἀλλ’ ἴδε κατωτ. 4)· ὡσαύτως ἀποτείνεται εἰς ἄλλους θεοὺς ἐν παρομοίᾳ περιστάσει, ὡς εἰς τὸν Ποσειδῶνα μετὰ σεισμόν, Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 4. 7, 4. 2) ᾆσμα θριάμβου μετὰ νίκην, κυρίως εἰς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ἀποτεινόμενον, Ἰλ. Χ. 391 κἑξ.· ἁλώσιμος π. Αἰσχύλ. Θήβ. 635, κτλ.· ὡσαύτως τὸ ᾆσμα ὃ ᾄδοντες στρατιῶται προέβαινον εἰς τὴν μάχην, ἐμβατήριον, παιᾶν’ ἐφύμνουν σεμνὸν Ἕλληνες ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Πέρσ. 393, πρβλ. Λυσ. 194, 15, Ξεν. Κυρ. 4. 1, 6· ὅπερ ἀποτείνεται εἰς τὸν Ἄρη, πρβλ. Σχόλ. εἰς Θουκ. 1. 50. ― Ἡ δ’ ἐπὶ τούτῳ φράσις ἦτο, ἐξάρχειν τὸν παιᾶνα Ξεν. Κύρ. 3. 3, 58, (παιᾶνος Πλουτ. Ρωμ. 16)· π. ἐξάρχεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἑλλ. 2. 4, 17., 7. 4, 36. 3) πᾶν ᾆσμα ἢ μέλος ᾀδόμενον μάλιστα ἐπὶ τῇ ἐνάρξει ἐπιχειρήσεώς τινος ὡς οἰωνὸς ἐπιτυχίας, Θουκ. 7. 75· οὕτως, ἰηπαιήον’ ἄειδον Ὁμ. Ὕμν. εἰς Ἀπόλλ. 517· π. γαμήλιος Ἀριστοφ. Θεσμ. 1035· ὡσαύτως ἐπὶ ᾀσμάτων ᾀδομένων ἐν συμποσίοις, Ξεν. Συμπ. 2, 1· ἔγχει κἀπιβόα τρίτον παιῶνα Φερεκράτ. ἐν «Πέρσαις» 2, πρβλ. Ἀντιφάν. ἐν «Ἀγροίκω» 5, ἐν «Διπλασίοις» 1. 5. ― Περὶ τοῦ παιᾶνος ἴδε Ἱστ. Ἑλλ. Λογοτεχν. Christ (μετάφρ. Λυσ. Κώνστα) σ. 40, 210, 259, 263. 4) ὁ Αἰσχύλ. ἐν ὀξυμώρῳ συνάπτει π. Ἐρινύων, π. τοῦ θανόντος Ἀγ. 645, Χο. 151· οὕτω, π. στυγνός, ἐπὶ θρήνου, Εὐριπ. Τρῳ. 126· παιᾶνα στενάζειν αὐτόθι 577· π. τῷ κάτωθεν θεῷ ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ἀλκ. 424. ΙΙΙ. Κρητῶν παιήονες, οἱ τὸν παιᾶνα ᾄδοντες Ὁμ. Ὕμν. εἰς Ἀπόλλ. 518. ΙV. ἐν τῇ προσῳδίᾳ, παιών, ποὺς συνιστάμενος ἐκ τριῶν βραχειῶν συλλαβῶν καὶ μίας μακρᾶς, -υυυ, υυυ, υυυ, ἢ υυυ-, Ἀριστ. Ρητ. 3. 8, 4: παρὰ μετεγεν. ἀείποτε ἐν τῷ τύπῳ παιών. ― Περὶ τοῦ τύπου ἔχει τεθῆ ὁ κανὼν ὅτι παρ’ Ἀττ. Παιὼν ἐλέγετο κυρίως ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰατροῦ (πλὴν τῆς κλητ.), παιὰν δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς ᾠδῆς, καὶ παιὼν ἐπὶ τοῦ μετρικοῦ ποδός· καὶ τὰ μνημονευθέντα παραδείγματα κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον βεβαιοῦσι τοῦτον τὸν κανόνα. Ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖς κωμικ. καὶ τοῖς πεζογράφοις φαίνεται ὅτι ἐπεκράτησεν ὁ τύπος παιών, ἴδε Elmsl. εἰς Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 1212· πρβλ. παιανίζω -ανισμός, παιωνίζω, -ωνισμός. ― Ἴδε Κόντου Γλωσ. Παρατηρ. σ. 217.

English (Slater)

Παιᾱν
1 Healer epithet of Apollo. Παιάν τέ σοι τιμᾷ φάος (P. 4.270) ἰὴ ἰὲ Παιάν, ἰὴ ἰέ. Παιὰν δὲ μήποτε λείποι Πα. 2. 3, 1. ἰὴ ἰή, ὢ ἰὲ Παιάν (Pae. 4.31) Παιὰν δε[ (Pae. 6.182)

Greek Monotonic

Παιάν: -ᾶνος, ὁ, Επικ. Παιήων, -ονος, Αττ. Παιών, -ῶνος·
I. 1. ο Παιάνας ή Παιών, ο γιατρός των θεών, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· Παιήονος γενέθλη, οι γιοι του Παιάνα, δηλ. οι γιατροί, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.
2. μετά τον Όμηρο το όνομα και η ιδιότητα μεταφέρθηκαν στον Απόλλωνα, τον οποίον επικαλούνταν με την κραυγή ἰήιε Παιάν, σε Αισχύλ., Σοφ.· ἰὼ Παιάν, σε Σοφ.
3. ως προσηγορικό, γιατρός, θεραπευτής, σε Αισχύλ., Σοφ.· έπειτα, λυτρωτής, σωτήρας, σε Ευρ. II. 1. παιάν, Επικ. παιήων, παιάνας, δηλ. χορικό άσμα, ύμνος ή ψαλμός, απευθυνόμενος στον Απόλλωνα, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Αισχύλ., Σοφ.
2. άσμα θριάμβου μετά τη νίκη, κυρίως προς τον Απόλλωνα, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Αισχύλ.· επίσης, εμβατήριο, σε Αισχύλ., Ξεν.· η φράση ήταν, ἐξάρχειν τὸν παιᾶνα, σε Ξεν.· παιᾶνα ἐξάρχεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, στον ίδ.
3. οποιοδήποτε επίσημο άσμα ή μέλος, ιδίως στην αρχή ενός εγχειρήματος ως προοιωνός επιτυχίας, σε Θουκ.· άσμα που τραγουδιέται στα συμπόσια, σε Ξεν.
4. ο Αισχύλ. σε σχήμα οξύμωρο, συνδέει παιὰν Ἐρινύων, παιὰν τοῦ θανόντος· ομοίως, παιὰν στυγνός, λέγεται για θρηνητικό άσμα, σε Ευρ.
III. Κρητῶν παιήονες, αυτοί που τραγουδούν τον παιάνα, σε Ομηρ. Ύμν.
IV. στην προσωδία, παιών, πόδας που αποτελείται από τρεις βραχείες και μια μακρά συλλαβή, ¯˘˘˘, ˘¯˘˘, ˘˘¯˘, ˘˘˘¯ σε Αριστ.

Middle Liddell

Παιάν, ᾶνος, ὁ,
I. Paean or Paeon, the physician of the gods, Il.; Παιήονος γενέθλη the sons of Paeon, i. e. physicians, Od.
2. after Hom., the name and office were transferred to Apollo, who was invoked by the cry ἰήιε Παιάν Aesch., Soph.; ἰὼ Παιάν Soph.
3. as appellat. a physician, healer, Aesch., Soph.: then, a saviour, deliverer, Eur.
II. παιάν, epic παιήων, a paean, i. e. a choral song, a hymn or chant, addressed to Apollo, Il., Aesch., Soph.
2. a song of triumph after victory, properly to Apollo, Il., Aesch.; also a war-song, Aesch., Xen.:—the phrase was, ἐξάρχειν τὸν παιᾶνα Xen.; π. ἐξάρχεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι Xen.
3. any solemn song or chant, esp. on beginning an undertaking, in omen of success, Thuc.; a song sung at a feast, Xen.
4. Aesch., by an oxymoron, joins π. Ἐρινύων, π. τοῦ θανόντος; so, π. στυγνός, of a dirge, Eur.
III. Κρητῶν παιήονες paean-singers, Hhymn.
IV. in Prosody, a paeon, a foot consisting of three short and 1 long syllable, in any order, Arist.

Wikipedia EN

A paean (/ˈpiːən/) is a song or lyric poem expressing triumph or thanksgiving. In classical antiquity, it is usually performed by a chorus, but some examples seem intended for an individual voice (monody). It comes from the Greek παιάν (also παιήων or παιών), "song of triumph, any solemn song or chant". "Paeon" was also the name of a divine physician and an epithet ("byname") of Apollo.

The basis of the word παιάν is *παιάϝων." Its ultimate etymology is unclear. R. S. P. Beekes has suggested the meaning "who heals illnesses through magic", from *παῖϝα/*παϝία "blow", related to παίω "beat" (from Proto-Indo-European *ph2u-ie/o-) or παύω "withhold" (of uncertain etymology). He alternatively suggested that paian "may well be Pre-Greek".

In Homer, Paeon was the Greek physician of the gods. In Iliad V he heals the wounded Ares and Hades with his herbal lore. In time Paeon (or Paean) became an epithet ("byname") of Apollo as a god capable of bringing disease and propitiated as a god of healing. Hesiod identifies Paeon as a separate god, and in later poetry Paeon is invoked independently as a health god. Later, Paean becomes a byname of Asclepius, another healer-god.

The earliest appearances of a paean or hymn of thanksgiving also appear in the Iliad. After the prayer to avert evil from the Achaeans, a paean is sung. In an almost identical line (X.391) that suggests a formulaic expression, Achilles tells the Myrmidons to sing the paean after the death of Hector.

To discover the relation between Paean or Paeon, the healer-god, and paean in the sense of "song", it is necessary to identify the connection between ritual chant and the shaman's healing arts.

Previously, L. R. Farnell had referred to the ancient association between the healing craft and the singing of spells, but found it impossible to decide which was the original sense. At all events the meaning of "healer" gradually gave place to that of "hymn", from the phrase "Ἰὴ Παιάν" or "Ἰὼ Παιάν".

Such songs were originally addressed to Apollo, and afterwards to other gods, like Dionysus, Helios, and Asclepius. About the 4th century the paean became merely a formula of adulation; its object was either to implore protection against disease and misfortune, or to offer thanks after such protection had been rendered. Its connection with Apollo as the slayer of the Python led to its association with battle and victory; hence it became the custom for a paean to be sung by an army on the march and before entering into battle, when a fleet left the harbour, and also after a victory had been won.

The Greek poet Aeschylus who took part in the Battle of Salamis, commented on the power of the paean over enemies (in this case the Persians):

All the barbarians felt fear because they had been deprived of what they expected. The Greeks were singing the stately paean at that time not for flight, but because they were hastening into battle and were stout of heart. A paean was sung before the resuming of the naval battle between the Corcyraeans and Corinthians in a war leading up to the Peloponnesian War, implying that it might have been a common practice. In addition, the paean is said to have been sung just before the start of various battles (including the Battle of Cunaxa) in Xenophon's "Anabasis" (or "Persian Expedition").