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Τοὺς δούλους ἔταξεν ὡρισμένου νομίσματος ὁμιλεῖν ταῖς θεραπαινίσιν → He arranged for his male slaves to have sex with female slaves at a fixed price (Plutarch, Life of Cato the Elder 21.2)

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{{LaEn
|lnetxt=umbra umbrae N F :: [[shade]]; [[ghost]]; [[shadow]]
}}
{{Lewis
{{Lewis
|lshtext=<b>umbra</b>: ae, f. etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an [[encircling]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[shade]], [[shadow]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: cum [[usque]] [[quaque]] [[umbra]] est, [[tamen]] Sol [[semper]] hic est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79: [[illa]] [[platanus]], cujus umbram secutus est [[Socrates]], Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28: fiebat, ut incideret [[luna]] in eam metam, quae esset [[umbra]] terrae, etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17: colles ... afferunt umbram vallibus, id. Rep. 2, 6, 11: nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque, Verg. A. 2, 251: spissis noctis se condidit umbris, id. ib. 2, 621: majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae, id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70: pampineae, id. ib. 7, 58: certum est mihi, [[quasi]] [[umbra]], [[quoquo]] [[ibis]] tu, te persequi, Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be [[afraid]] of shadows, i. e. to [[fear]] [[without]] [[cause]], Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4: umbram suam metuere, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9: [[ipse]] meas [[solus]], [[quod]] nil est, [[aemulor]] umbras, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[painting]], the [[dark]] [[part]] of a [[painting]], [[shade]], [[shadow]]: [[quam]] [[multa]] vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus! Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. [[lumen]]) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[shade]], [[ghost]] of a [[dead]] [[person]] ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]; cf.: [[Manes]], [[Lemures]]): nos ubi decidimus, Quo [[dives]] [[Tullus]] et [[Ancus]], Pulvis et [[umbra]] sumus, Hor. C. 4, 7, 16: ne [[forte]] animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras [[inter]] vivos volitare, Lucr. 4, 38; cf.: cornea ([[porta]]), quā veris [[facilis]] datur [[exitus]] umbris, Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.: Umbrarum rex, i. e. [[Pluto]], Ov. M. 7, 249; so, [[dominus]], id. ib. 10, 16.— In the <[[number]] opt="n">plur.</[[number]]> umbrae, of a [[single]] [[dead]] [[person]]: matris agitabitur umbris, Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Like the Greek [[σκιά]]>, an [[uninvited]] [[guest]], whom an invited one brings [[with]] him (cf. [[parasitus]]), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an [[attendant]]: luxuriae, Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[shade]], [[shady]] [[place]], [[that]] [[which]] gives a [[shade]] or [[shadow]] (as a [[tree]], [[house]], [[tent]], etc; [[poet]].); of trees: [[nudus]] Arboris [[Othrys]] erat nec habebat [[Pelion]] umbras, Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681: Pompeiā spatiabere [[cultus]] in umbrā, i. e. in the Pompeian [[portico]], Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so, [[Pompeia]], Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387: vacuā tonsoris in umbrā, in the [[cool]] [[barber]]'s [[shop]], Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50: studia in umbrā educata, in the [[closet]], [[study]], Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.: [[rhetorica]], i. e. the [[rhetorician]]'s [[school]], Juv. 7, 173: dum roseis venit [[umbra]] genis, i. e. [[down]], [[beard]], Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et [[Celer]]. 42: [[nunc]] [[umbra]] nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of [[hair]], Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis [[umbra]], i. e. the [[plume]] or [[crest]], Stat. Th. 6, 226: sed non erat [[illi]] Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae, i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[fish]], called also [[sciaena]]; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., [[like]] the Engl. [[shadow]] or [[shade]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Opp. to [[substance]] or [[reality]], a [[trace]], [[obscure]] [[sign]] or [[image]], [[faint]] [[appearance]], [[imperfect]] [[copy]] or [[representation]], [[semblance]], [[pretence]] (cf. [[simulacrum]]): veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69: [[umbra]] et [[imago]] civitatis, id. Rep. 2, 30, 53: [[umbra]] et [[imago]] equitis Romani, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram [[quidem]] [[umquam]] τοῦ καλοῦ> viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1: in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas? id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā [[maxime]] claudicamus ... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100: sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati, Liv. 8, 4, 2: umbras falsae gloriae consectari, Cic. Pis. 24, 57: [[umbra]] es amantum [[magis]] [[quam]] [[amator]], Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31: [[mendax]] pietatis [[umbra]], Ov. M. 9, 459: libertatis, Luc. 3, 146: belli, Sil. 15, 316: umbras quasdam veritatis habere, Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Shelter, [[cover]], [[protection]]: [[umbra]] et [[recessus]], Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101: umbrā magni nominis delitescunt, Quint. 12, 10, 15: [[umbra]] vestri auxilii tegi possumus, Liv. 7, 30, 18: sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt, id. 32, 21, 31: sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant, id. 34, 9, 10: [[morum]] vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae [[primo]] latebant, Just. 5, 2, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Rest, [[leisure]]: ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā, Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.
|lshtext=<b>umbra</b>: ae, f. etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an [[encircling]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[shade]], [[shadow]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: cum [[usque]] [[quaque]] [[umbra]] est, [[tamen]] Sol [[semper]] hic est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79: [[illa]] [[platanus]], cujus umbram secutus est [[Socrates]], Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28: fiebat, ut incideret [[luna]] in eam metam, quae esset [[umbra]] terrae, etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17: colles ... afferunt umbram vallibus, id. Rep. 2, 6, 11: nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque, Verg. A. 2, 251: spissis noctis se condidit umbris, id. ib. 2, 621: majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae, id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70: pampineae, id. ib. 7, 58: certum est mihi, [[quasi]] [[umbra]], [[quoquo]] [[ibis]] tu, te persequi, Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be [[afraid]] of shadows, i. e. to [[fear]] [[without]] [[cause]], Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4: umbram suam metuere, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9: [[ipse]] meas [[solus]], [[quod]] nil est, [[aemulor]] umbras, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[painting]], the [[dark]] [[part]] of a [[painting]], [[shade]], [[shadow]]: [[quam]] [[multa]] vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus! Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. [[lumen]]) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[shade]], [[ghost]] of a [[dead]] [[person]] ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]; cf.: [[Manes]], [[Lemures]]): nos ubi decidimus, Quo [[dives]] [[Tullus]] et [[Ancus]], Pulvis et [[umbra]] sumus, Hor. C. 4, 7, 16: ne [[forte]] animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras [[inter]] vivos volitare, Lucr. 4, 38; cf.: cornea ([[porta]]), quā veris [[facilis]] datur [[exitus]] umbris, Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.: Umbrarum rex, i. e. [[Pluto]], Ov. M. 7, 249; so, [[dominus]], id. ib. 10, 16.— In the plur. umbrae, of a [[single]] [[dead]] [[person]]: matris agitabitur umbris, Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Like the Greek [[σκιά]], an [[uninvited]] [[guest]], whom an invited one brings [[with]] him (cf. [[parasitus]]), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an [[attendant]]: luxuriae, Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[shade]], [[shady]] [[place]], [[that]] [[which]] gives a [[shade]] or [[shadow]] (as a [[tree]], [[house]], [[tent]], etc; [[poet]].); of trees: [[nudus]] Arboris [[Othrys]] erat nec habebat [[Pelion]] umbras, Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681: Pompeiā spatiabere [[cultus]] in umbrā, i. e. in the Pompeian [[portico]], Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so, [[Pompeia]], Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387: vacuā tonsoris in umbrā, in the [[cool]] [[barber]]'s [[shop]], Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50: studia in umbrā educata, in the [[closet]], [[study]], Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.: [[rhetorica]], i. e. the [[rhetorician]]'s [[school]], Juv. 7, 173: dum roseis venit [[umbra]] genis, i. e. [[down]], [[beard]], Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et [[Celer]]. 42: [[nunc]] [[umbra]] nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of [[hair]], Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis [[umbra]], i. e. the [[plume]] or [[crest]], Stat. Th. 6, 226: sed non erat [[illi]] Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae, i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[fish]], called also [[sciaena]]; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., [[like]] the Engl. [[shadow]] or [[shade]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Opp. to [[substance]] or [[reality]], a [[trace]], [[obscure]] [[sign]] or [[image]], [[faint]] [[appearance]], [[imperfect]] [[copy]] or [[representation]], [[semblance]], [[pretence]] (cf. [[simulacrum]]): veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69: [[umbra]] et [[imago]] civitatis, id. Rep. 2, 30, 53: [[umbra]] et [[imago]] equitis Romani, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram [[quidem]] [[umquam]] τοῦ καλοῦ> viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1: in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas? id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā [[maxime]] claudicamus ... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100: sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati, Liv. 8, 4, 2: umbras falsae gloriae consectari, Cic. Pis. 24, 57: [[umbra]] es amantum [[magis]] [[quam]] [[amator]], Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31: [[mendax]] pietatis [[umbra]], Ov. M. 9, 459: libertatis, Luc. 3, 146: belli, Sil. 15, 316: umbras quasdam veritatis habere, Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Shelter, [[cover]], [[protection]]: [[umbra]] et [[recessus]], Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101: umbrā magni nominis delitescunt, Quint. 12, 10, 15: [[umbra]] vestri auxilii tegi possumus, Liv. 7, 30, 18: sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt, id. 32, 21, 31: sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant, id. 34, 9, 10: [[morum]] vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae [[primo]] latebant, Just. 5, 2, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Rest, [[leisure]]: ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā, Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.
}}
{{Gaffiot
|gf=<b>umbra</b>,⁷ æ, f.,<br /><b>1</b> ombre [produite par interposition d’un corps] : platani [[umbra]] Cic. de Or. 1, 28, ombre d’un platane, cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 22, etc. ; umbras timere Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4, craindre l’ombre des objets ; umbram suam metuere Q. Cic. Pet. 9, craindre son ombre ; [fig.] umbram facere alicui [[rei]] Sen. Ep. 21, 2, jeter de l’ombre sur (éclipser) qqch.<br /><b>2</b> [métaph.] <b> a)</b> ombre en peinture : Cic. Ac. 2, 20 ; Plin. 35, 29, etc. ; [dans un discours, par anal.] Cic. de Or. 3‘ 101 ; <b> b)</b> ombre d’un mort, fantôme, spectre : Hor. O. 4, 7, 16 ; Virg. En. 6, 894, etc. ; pl., umbræ matris Ov. M. 9, 410, etc., l’ombre d’une mère ; <b> c)</b> ombre [convive qu’un invité peut de son chef amener avec lui, parasite] : Hor. S. 2, 8, 22 ; Ep. 1, 5, 28 ; <b> d)</b> [[umbra]] luxuriæ Cic. Mur. 13, ce qui accompagne la vie de plaisirs (l’orgie) (comme une ombre) [la danse] ; <b> e)</b> lieu ombragé, ombrage : vacua tonsoris in [[umbra]] Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50, dans la boutique déserte d’un barbier ; [[Pompeia]] in [[umbra]] Prop. 4, 8, 75, à l’ombre du portique de Pompée &#124;&#124; la vie à l’ombre : Cic. Mur. 30 ; <b> f)</b> [en parl. de la barbe, du duvet qui ombrage les joues] Stat. Th. 4, 336 ; [de l’aigrette qui ombrage le sommet du casque] Stat. Th. 6, 226 ; <b> g)</b> ombre [poisson] : [[Varro]] L. 5, 77 ; Col. Rust. 8, 16, 8<br /><b>3</b> [fig.] <b> a)</b> ombre, apparence : veri juris... [[umbra]] et imaginibus utimur Cic. Off. 3, 69, du droit pur... nous n’avons qu’une ombre, un semblant, cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 53 ; Att. 7, 11, 1, etc. ; Liv. 8, 4, 1 ; <b> b)</b> = protection, asile, secours : [[umbra]] [[vestri]] auxilii tegi possumus Liv. 7, 30, 18, nous pouvons avoir sur nous l’ombre tutélaire de votre secours ; [[sub]] [[umbra]] Romanæ amicitiæ [[latere]] Liv. 34, 9, 10, s’abriter sous l’ombre de l’amitié romaine.
}}
{{Georges
|georg=umbra, ae, f., der [[Schatten]], I) eig. u. bildl.: A) eig.: arboris, Cic.: terrae, Cic.: in [[umbra]], Verg., od. [[sub]] [[umbra]], Hor., im [[Schatten]]: [[umbra]], ut [[dies]] crevit decrevitque, [[modo]] brevior [[modo]] longior hāc [[vel]] illā cadit, Plin. ep.: maiores cadunt de montibus umbrae, es wird [[Abend]], Verg.: longius cadentes umbrae suae, [[Flor]].: poet. [[für]] [[Dunkelheit]], Finsternis, noctis, Verg.: [[aurora]] dimoverat umbram, Verg.: ad umbram lucis ab ortu, vom [[Morgen]] [[bis]] zum [[Abend]], Hor. – Sprichw., umbras timere, [[selbst]] od. [[sogar]] den [[Schatten]] [[fürchten]], d.i. [[ohne]] [[Not]] in [[Furcht]] [[sein]], Cic. ad Att. 15, 20, 4: [[ebenso]] umbram suam metuere, Q. Cic. de pet. cons. 9: [[ähnlich]] [[ipse]] meas [[solus]], [[quod]] [[nil]] est, [[aemulor]] umbras, vom eifersüchtigen [[Liebhaber]], Prop. 2, 34, 19. – B) bildl., der [[Schatten]], a) [[für]] [[Schutz]], [[Schirm]], [[Zuflucht]], auxilii, Liv.: [[sub]] [[umbra]] Romanae amicitiae [[latere]], Liv. – b) [[für]] [[Muße]], behagliche Rühe, [[Veneris]] cessamus in [[umbra]], Ov.: cedat [[umbra]] [[soli]], [[von]] der Rechtsgelehrsamkeit, Cic. Mur. 30: [[auch]] übh. [[ein]] zurückgezogenes [[Leben]], [[Privatleben]], im Ggstz. zur [[Öffentlichkeit]], studia in [[umbra]] educata, im [[stillen]] [[Studierzimmer]], Tac. ann. 14, 53. – c) [[Schein]] (im Ggstz. zur [[Wirklichkeit]]), [[Spur]], [[Abbild]], [[ganz]] [[wie]] [[unser]] [[Schatten]], [[umbra]] imagoque iustitiae (Ggstz. [[vera]] [[iustitia]]), Lact.: gloriae, Cic.: [[umbra]] nomenque P. Licinii, Liv.: libertatis, Lucan.: honoris, [[von]] den konsularischen Insignien, Tac.: [[umbra]] quaedam illorum honorum et [[similitudo]], Sen. ep. 92, 27: umbram [[quoque]] spei devorasse, [[Varro]] [[sat]]. Men. 378: dah. [[für]] [[Schein]], [[Vorwand]], [[sub]] [[umbra]] foederis aequi servitutem pati, Liv. 8, 4, 2; so [[auch]] Claud. laud. [[Stil]]. 1, 273. – II) übtr. u. meton.: A) übtr.: 1) der [[Schatten]] in der [[Malerei]] (Ggstz. [[lumen]]), Cic. u.a.: übtr., in der [[Rede]], Cic.: [[neque]] [[enim]] [[persona]] umbram actae [[rei]] capit, die [[Person]] ist zu [[merkwürdig]], [[als]] daß die [[Tat]] in der [[Dunkelheit]] [[bleiben]], [[mit]] [[Stillschweigen]] übergangen [[werden]] könnte, Vell. – 2) der [[Schatten]] = [[Begleiter]], luxuriae, Cic. Mur. 13. – v. uneingeladenen Gästen, die [[man]] mitbringt ([[wie]] [[σκιά]]), Hor. [[sat]]. 2, 8, 22 u. ep. 1, 5, 28. – B) meton.: 1) das Schattige, a) übh., [[wie]] Bäume, Häuser usw., umbras falce premere, Verg.: inducite montibus umbras, i.e. arbores, Verg.: so [[auch]] fontes inducere viridi umbrā (im Gedichte), Verg. – b) der [[Köcher]], Stat. silv. 3, 4, 30. – c) der [[Bart]] [[oder]] die ersten Barthaare, Claud. nupt. Pall. et [[Celer]]. 42. Stat. Theb. 4, 336. – u. das [[Haupthaar]], Petron. 109, 9. – d) [[jeder]] schattige [[Ort]], Pompëia, [[Halle]], [[Galerie]] ([[porticus]]), Ov.: tonsoris, [[Bude]], [[Stube]], Hor.: [[rhetorica]], Rhetorschule, Iuven. – umbrae = schattige Laubhütten, Paul. ex [[Fest]]. 377, 4. – 2) = [[εἴδωλον]], [[φάσμα]], der [[Schatten]], die Schattengestalt, das [[Schattenbild]], a) übh.: umbrae hominum, Liv. 21, 40, 9: [[tenuis]], luftiger Schemen, Verg. Aen. 10, 636: umbrae ex hostibus, Schreckbilder, die [[von]] den F. [[ausgehen]], ibid. 10, 593. – b) das [[Schattenbild]] eines Verstorbenen, der [[Schatten]], der [[Geist]], die [[Seele]], Pauli, Sil.: [[tricorpor]], Verg.: Plur., umbrae, Tibull., Verg. u. Plin.: umbris exagitari, v. Geistern, Gespenstern, Suet.: umbrae silentes, [[Schatten]], [[Unterwelt]], Verg.: umbrarum [[dominus]] od. [[rex]], [[Pluto]], Ov.: [[ire]] per umbras, in die [[Unterwelt]] [[gehen]], [[sterben]], Vitr.: per umbram, per umbras, im Orkus, Ov. – Plur. umbrae vom [[Schatten]] eines Verstorbenen, ucm [[species]] et umbrae insontis interempti filii agitarent, Liv.: matris agitari umbris, Ov.: [[omnia]] Deiphobo solvisti et funeris umbris, Verg. – 3) [[ein]] [[Fisch]], [[sonst]] [[sciaena]] [[gen]]., die Äsche (Salmo Thymallus, L.), [[Varro]] LL. 5, 77. Ov. hal. 111. Colum. 8, 16, 8. [[Auson]]. Mos. 90.
}}
{{LaZh
|lnztxt=umbra, ae. f. :: 陰凉。影。推之辭。謹廕。廕之物。陪赴席者。魚名。Umbrae. ''plur''. 人鬼。地獄。Umbrarum rex ''vel'' pater 閆王。Humens umbra 夜。Tonsoris umbra 剃頭舖。Timere umbras ''vel'' Timere umbram suam 自畏其影。妄怕。Facere umbram ei 壓人榮。Inducere fontibus umbras 栽樹遮水泉。Umbras arborum amputare 殳刂樹繁蔭。Adigere eum ad umbras infernas 逼人謝世。Umbras falsae gloriae consectari 求虛幻之榮。
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 00:00, 13 June 2024

Latin > English

umbra umbrae N F :: shade; ghost; shadow

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

umbra: ae, f. etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an encircling,
I a shade, shadow.
I Lit.: cum usque quaque umbra est, tamen Sol semper hic est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79: illa platanus, cujus umbram secutus est Socrates, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28: fiebat, ut incideret luna in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17: colles ... afferunt umbram vallibus, id. Rep. 2, 6, 11: nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque, Verg. A. 2, 251: spissis noctis se condidit umbris, id. ib. 2, 621: majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae, id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70: pampineae, id. ib. 7, 58: certum est mihi, quasi umbra, quoquo ibis tu, te persequi, Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be afraid of shadows, i. e. to fear without cause, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4: umbram suam metuere, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9: ipse meas solus, quod nil est, aemulor umbras, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—
   B Transf.
   1    In painting, the dark part of a painting, shade, shadow: quam multa vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus! Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. lumen) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—
   2    A shade, ghost of a dead person (poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: Manes, Lemures): nos ubi decidimus, Quo dives Tullus et Ancus, Pulvis et umbra sumus, Hor. C. 4, 7, 16: ne forte animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras inter vivos volitare, Lucr. 4, 38; cf.: cornea (porta), quā veris facilis datur exitus umbris, Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.: Umbrarum rex, i. e. Pluto, Ov. M. 7, 249; so, dominus, id. ib. 10, 16.— In the plur. umbrae, of a single dead person: matris agitabitur umbris, Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—
   3    Like the Greek σκιά, an uninvited guest, whom an invited one brings with him (cf. parasitus), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an attendant: luxuriae, Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—
   4    A shade, shady place, that which gives a shade or shadow (as a tree, house, tent, etc; poet.); of trees: nudus Arboris Othrys erat nec habebat Pelion umbras, Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681: Pompeiā spatiabere cultus in umbrā, i. e. in the Pompeian portico, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so, Pompeia, Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387: vacuā tonsoris in umbrā, in the cool barber's shop, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50: studia in umbrā educata, in the closet, study, Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.: rhetorica, i. e. the rhetorician's school, Juv. 7, 173: dum roseis venit umbra genis, i. e. down, beard, Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et Celer. 42: nunc umbra nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of hair, Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis umbra, i. e. the plume or crest, Stat. Th. 6, 226: sed non erat illi Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae, i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—
   5    A fish, called also sciaena; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—
II Trop., like the Engl. shadow or shade.
   A Opp. to substance or reality, a trace, obscure sign or image, faint appearance, imperfect copy or representation, semblance, pretence (cf. simulacrum): veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69: umbra et imago civitatis, id. Rep. 2, 30, 53: umbra et imago equitis Romani, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram quidem umquam τοῦ καλοῦ> viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1: in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas? id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā maxime claudicamus ... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100: sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati, Liv. 8, 4, 2: umbras falsae gloriae consectari, Cic. Pis. 24, 57: umbra es amantum magis quam amator, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31: mendax pietatis umbra, Ov. M. 9, 459: libertatis, Luc. 3, 146: belli, Sil. 15, 316: umbras quasdam veritatis habere, Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—
   B Shelter, cover, protection: umbra et recessus, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101: umbrā magni nominis delitescunt, Quint. 12, 10, 15: umbra vestri auxilii tegi possumus, Liv. 7, 30, 18: sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt, id. 32, 21, 31: sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant, id. 34, 9, 10: morum vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae primo latebant, Just. 5, 2, 7.—
   C Rest, leisure: ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā, Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

umbra,⁷ æ, f.,
1 ombre [produite par interposition d’un corps] : platani umbra Cic. de Or. 1, 28, ombre d’un platane, cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 22, etc. ; umbras timere Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4, craindre l’ombre des objets ; umbram suam metuere Q. Cic. Pet. 9, craindre son ombre ; [fig.] umbram facere alicui rei Sen. Ep. 21, 2, jeter de l’ombre sur (éclipser) qqch.
2 [métaph.] a) ombre en peinture : Cic. Ac. 2, 20 ; Plin. 35, 29, etc. ; [dans un discours, par anal.] Cic. de Or. 3‘ 101 ; b) ombre d’un mort, fantôme, spectre : Hor. O. 4, 7, 16 ; Virg. En. 6, 894, etc. ; pl., umbræ matris Ov. M. 9, 410, etc., l’ombre d’une mère ; c) ombre [convive qu’un invité peut de son chef amener avec lui, parasite] : Hor. S. 2, 8, 22 ; Ep. 1, 5, 28 ; d) umbra luxuriæ Cic. Mur. 13, ce qui accompagne la vie de plaisirs (l’orgie) (comme une ombre) [la danse] ; e) lieu ombragé, ombrage : vacua tonsoris in umbra Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50, dans la boutique déserte d’un barbier ; Pompeia in umbra Prop. 4, 8, 75, à l’ombre du portique de Pompée || la vie à l’ombre : Cic. Mur. 30 ; f) [en parl. de la barbe, du duvet qui ombrage les joues] Stat. Th. 4, 336 ; [de l’aigrette qui ombrage le sommet du casque] Stat. Th. 6, 226 ; g) ombre [poisson] : Varro L. 5, 77 ; Col. Rust. 8, 16, 8
3 [fig.] a) ombre, apparence : veri juris... umbra et imaginibus utimur Cic. Off. 3, 69, du droit pur... nous n’avons qu’une ombre, un semblant, cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 53 ; Att. 7, 11, 1, etc. ; Liv. 8, 4, 1 ; b) = protection, asile, secours : umbra vestri auxilii tegi possumus Liv. 7, 30, 18, nous pouvons avoir sur nous l’ombre tutélaire de votre secours ; sub umbra Romanæ amicitiæ latere Liv. 34, 9, 10, s’abriter sous l’ombre de l’amitié romaine.

Latin > German (Georges)

umbra, ae, f., der Schatten, I) eig. u. bildl.: A) eig.: arboris, Cic.: terrae, Cic.: in umbra, Verg., od. sub umbra, Hor., im Schatten: umbra, ut dies crevit decrevitque, modo brevior modo longior hāc vel illā cadit, Plin. ep.: maiores cadunt de montibus umbrae, es wird Abend, Verg.: longius cadentes umbrae suae, Flor.: poet. für Dunkelheit, Finsternis, noctis, Verg.: aurora dimoverat umbram, Verg.: ad umbram lucis ab ortu, vom Morgen bis zum Abend, Hor. – Sprichw., umbras timere, selbst od. sogar den Schatten fürchten, d.i. ohne Not in Furcht sein, Cic. ad Att. 15, 20, 4: ebenso umbram suam metuere, Q. Cic. de pet. cons. 9: ähnlich ipse meas solus, quod nil est, aemulor umbras, vom eifersüchtigen Liebhaber, Prop. 2, 34, 19. – B) bildl., der Schatten, a) für Schutz, Schirm, Zuflucht, auxilii, Liv.: sub umbra Romanae amicitiae latere, Liv. – b) für Muße, behagliche Rühe, Veneris cessamus in umbra, Ov.: cedat umbra soli, von der Rechtsgelehrsamkeit, Cic. Mur. 30: auch übh. ein zurückgezogenes Leben, Privatleben, im Ggstz. zur Öffentlichkeit, studia in umbra educata, im stillen Studierzimmer, Tac. ann. 14, 53. – c) Schein (im Ggstz. zur Wirklichkeit), Spur, Abbild, ganz wie unser Schatten, umbra imagoque iustitiae (Ggstz. vera iustitia), Lact.: gloriae, Cic.: umbra nomenque P. Licinii, Liv.: libertatis, Lucan.: honoris, von den konsularischen Insignien, Tac.: umbra quaedam illorum honorum et similitudo, Sen. ep. 92, 27: umbram quoque spei devorasse, Varro sat. Men. 378: dah. für Schein, Vorwand, sub umbra foederis aequi servitutem pati, Liv. 8, 4, 2; so auch Claud. laud. Stil. 1, 273. – II) übtr. u. meton.: A) übtr.: 1) der Schatten in der Malerei (Ggstz. lumen), Cic. u.a.: übtr., in der Rede, Cic.: neque enim persona umbram actae rei capit, die Person ist zu merkwürdig, als daß die Tat in der Dunkelheit bleiben, mit Stillschweigen übergangen werden könnte, Vell. – 2) der Schatten = Begleiter, luxuriae, Cic. Mur. 13. – v. uneingeladenen Gästen, die man mitbringt (wie σκιά), Hor. sat. 2, 8, 22 u. ep. 1, 5, 28. – B) meton.: 1) das Schattige, a) übh., wie Bäume, Häuser usw., umbras falce premere, Verg.: inducite montibus umbras, i.e. arbores, Verg.: so auch fontes inducere viridi umbrā (im Gedichte), Verg. – b) der Köcher, Stat. silv. 3, 4, 30. – c) der Bart oder die ersten Barthaare, Claud. nupt. Pall. et Celer. 42. Stat. Theb. 4, 336. – u. das Haupthaar, Petron. 109, 9. – d) jeder schattige Ort, Pompëia, Halle, Galerie (porticus), Ov.: tonsoris, Bude, Stube, Hor.: rhetorica, Rhetorschule, Iuven. – umbrae = schattige Laubhütten, Paul. ex Fest. 377, 4. – 2) = εἴδωλον, φάσμα, der Schatten, die Schattengestalt, das Schattenbild, a) übh.: umbrae hominum, Liv. 21, 40, 9: tenuis, luftiger Schemen, Verg. Aen. 10, 636: umbrae ex hostibus, Schreckbilder, die von den F. ausgehen, ibid. 10, 593. – b) das Schattenbild eines Verstorbenen, der Schatten, der Geist, die Seele, Pauli, Sil.: tricorpor, Verg.: Plur., umbrae, Tibull., Verg. u. Plin.: umbris exagitari, v. Geistern, Gespenstern, Suet.: umbrae silentes, Schatten, Unterwelt, Verg.: umbrarum dominus od. rex, Pluto, Ov.: ire per umbras, in die Unterwelt gehen, sterben, Vitr.: per umbram, per umbras, im Orkus, Ov. – Plur. umbrae vom Schatten eines Verstorbenen, ucm species et umbrae insontis interempti filii agitarent, Liv.: matris agitari umbris, Ov.: omnia Deiphobo solvisti et funeris umbris, Verg. – 3) ein Fisch, sonst sciaena gen., die Äsche (Salmo Thymallus, L.), Varro LL. 5, 77. Ov. hal. 111. Colum. 8, 16, 8. Auson. Mos. 90.

Latin > Chinese

umbra, ae. f. :: 陰凉。影。推之辭。謹廕。廕之物。陪赴席者。魚名。Umbrae. plur. 人鬼。地獄。Umbrarum rex vel pater 閆王。Humens umbra 夜。Tonsoris umbra 剃頭舖。Timere umbras vel Timere umbram suam 自畏其影。妄怕。Facere umbram ei 壓人榮。Inducere fontibus umbras 栽樹遮水泉。Umbras arborum amputare 殳刂樹繁蔭。Adigere eum ad umbras infernas 逼人謝世。Umbras falsae gloriae consectari 求虛幻之榮。