ἀρχιερεύς: Difference between revisions
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|astxt=[[ἀρχιερεύς]], -έως, ὁ, [in LXX for כּ'' הָרֹאשׁ,כּ'' הַגָּדוֹל ,כּהֵן;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[high]]-[[priest]]: Mk 2:26 14:47, al.; of Christ: He 2:17 3:1, al. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>In pl., [[chief]] priests, including ex-[[high]]-priests and members of [[high]]-[[priestly]] families: Mt 2:4, Mk 8:31, al. (Cremer, 294; DCG, i, 297f.; MM, s.v.). | |astxt=[[ἀρχιερεύς]], -έως, ὁ, [in LXX for כּ'' הָרֹאשׁ,כּ'' הַגָּדוֹל,כּהֵן;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[high]]-[[priest]]: Mk 2:26 14:47, al.; of Christ: He 2:17 3:1, al. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>In pl., [[chief]] priests, including ex-[[high]]-priests and members of [[high]]-[[priestly]] families: Mt 2:4, Mk 8:31, al. (Cremer, 294; DCG, i, 297f.; MM, s.v.). | ||
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|txtha=[[ἀρχιερέως]], ὁ, [[chief]] [[priest]], [[high]] [[priest]].<br /><b class="num">1.</b> He [[who]] [[above]] [[all]] others [[was]] honored [[with]] the [[title]] of [[priest]], the [[chief]] of the priests, הַגָדול כֹּהֵן (הָרֹאשׁ כֹּהֵן, Acts , and the Epistle to the Heb. It [[was]] [[lawful]] for him to [[perform]] the [[common]] duties of the [[priesthood]]; [[but]] his [[chief]] [[duty]] [[was]], [[once]] a [[year]] on the [[day]] of [[atonement]], to [[enter]] the Holy of holies (from [[which]] the [[other]] priests were excluded) and [[offer]] [[sacrifice]] for his [[own]] sins and the sins of the [[people]] (Leviticus 16; Josephus, Antiquities 20,10; [[see]] Αννας). Cf. Winer s RWB [[under]] the [[word]] Hoherpriester; Oehler in Herzog vi., pp. 198ff; (BB. DD., [[see]] [[under]] the words, High Priest, Priest, etc. The names of the 28 (27?) [[above]] alluded to are given, [[together]] [[with]] a [[brief]] [[notice]] of [[each]], in an [[article]] by Schürer in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, pp. 597-607).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> The plural ἀρχιερεῖς, [[which]] occurs [[often]] in the Gospels and Acts , as Josephus, comprises, in [[addition]] to the [[one]] [[actually]] holding the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[both]] those [[who]] had [[previously]] [[discharged]] it and [[although]] deposed continued to [[have]] [[great]] [[power]] in the State (Josephus, Vita38; b. j. 2,12, 6; 4,3, 7; 9; 4,4, 3; [[see]] Αννας [[above]]), as [[well]] as the members of the families from [[which]] [[high]] priests were created, provided [[they]] had [[much]] [[influence]] in [[public]] affairs (Josephus, b. j. 6,2, 2). See on [[this]] [[point]] the [[learned]] [[discussion]] by Schürer, Die ἀρχιερεῖς im N. T, in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, p. 593ff and in his Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 23iii., p. 407ff (Prof. Schürer, [[besides]] reviewing the opinions of the [[more]] [[recent]] writers, contends [[that]] in no [[instance]] [[where]] [[indubitable]] [[reference]] to the heads of the [[twenty]]-[[four]] classes is made ([[neither]] in the Sept. Josephus, Antiquities 7,14, 7) are [[they]] called ἀρχιερεῖς; [[that]] the nearest approximations to [[this]] [[term]] are periphrases [[such]] as ἄρχοντες [[τῶν]] ἱερέων, φυλαρχοι [[τῶν]] ἱερέων, Esra apocr. (1Esdr.) Josephus, Antiquities 11,5, 4; and [[that]] the [[word]] ἀρχιερεῖς [[was]] restricted in its [[application]] to those [[who]] [[actually]] held, or had held, the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[together]] [[with]] the members of the [[few]] [[prominent]] families from [[which]] the [[high]] priests [[still]] continued to be selected, cf. Josephus, b. j. 4,3, 6.)<br /><b class="num">3.</b> In the Epistle to the Hebrews Christ is called '[[high]] [[priest]],' [[because]] by undergoing a [[bloody]] [[death]] he offered [[himself]] as an [[expiatory]] [[sacrifice]] to God, and has entered the [[heavenly]] [[sanctuary]] [[where]] he [[continually]] intercedes on [[our]] [[behalf]]: Riehm, Lehrbegriff des Hebräerbriefes, ii., pp. 431-488. In Greek writings the [[word]] is used by [[Herodotus]] 2 (37), 142) 143,151; [[Plato]], legg. 12, p. 947a.; [[Polybius]] 23,1, 2; 32,22, 5; [[Plutarch]], [[Numa]] c. 9, others; ([[often]] in Inscriptions); [[once]] (viz., Sept., [[where]] [[ἱερεύς]] [[μέγας]] is [[usual]], in the O. T. Apocrypha, 1Esdr. 5:40 1Esdr. 9:40, and [[often]] in the books of Maccabees. | |txtha=[[ἀρχιερέως]], ὁ, [[chief]] [[priest]], [[high]] [[priest]].<br /><b class="num">1.</b> He [[who]] [[above]] [[all]] others [[was]] honored [[with]] the [[title]] of [[priest]], the [[chief]] of the priests, הַגָדול כֹּהֵן (הָרֹאשׁ כֹּהֵן, Acts, and the Epistle to the Heb. It [[was]] [[lawful]] for him to [[perform]] the [[common]] duties of the [[priesthood]]; [[but]] his [[chief]] [[duty]] [[was]], [[once]] a [[year]] on the [[day]] of [[atonement]], to [[enter]] the Holy of holies (from [[which]] the [[other]] priests were excluded) and [[offer]] [[sacrifice]] for his [[own]] sins and the sins of the [[people]] (Leviticus 16; Josephus, Antiquities 20,10; [[see]] Αννας). Cf. Winer s RWB [[under]] the [[word]] Hoherpriester; Oehler in Herzog vi., pp. 198ff; (BB. DD., [[see]] [[under]] the words, High Priest, Priest, etc. The names of the 28 (27?) [[above]] alluded to are given, [[together]] [[with]] a [[brief]] [[notice]] of [[each]], in an [[article]] by Schürer in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, pp. 597-607).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> The plural ἀρχιερεῖς, [[which]] occurs [[often]] in the Gospels and Acts, as Josephus, comprises, in [[addition]] to the [[one]] [[actually]] holding the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[both]] those [[who]] had [[previously]] [[discharged]] it and [[although]] deposed continued to [[have]] [[great]] [[power]] in the State (Josephus, Vita38; b. j. 2,12, 6; 4,3, 7; 9; 4,4, 3; [[see]] Αννας [[above]]), as [[well]] as the members of the families from [[which]] [[high]] priests were created, provided [[they]] had [[much]] [[influence]] in [[public]] affairs (Josephus, b. j. 6,2, 2). See on [[this]] [[point]] the [[learned]] [[discussion]] by Schürer, Die ἀρχιερεῖς im N. T, in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, p. 593ff and in his Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 23iii., p. 407ff (Prof. Schürer, [[besides]] reviewing the opinions of the [[more]] [[recent]] writers, contends [[that]] in no [[instance]] [[where]] [[indubitable]] [[reference]] to the heads of the [[twenty]]-[[four]] classes is made ([[neither]] in the Sept. Josephus, Antiquities 7,14, 7) are [[they]] called ἀρχιερεῖς; [[that]] the nearest approximations to [[this]] [[term]] are periphrases [[such]] as ἄρχοντες [[τῶν]] ἱερέων, φυλαρχοι [[τῶν]] ἱερέων, Esra apocr. (1Esdr.) Josephus, Antiquities 11,5, 4; and [[that]] the [[word]] ἀρχιερεῖς [[was]] restricted in its [[application]] to those [[who]] [[actually]] held, or had held, the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[together]] [[with]] the members of the [[few]] [[prominent]] families from [[which]] the [[high]] priests [[still]] continued to be selected, cf. Josephus, b. j. 4,3, 6.)<br /><b class="num">3.</b> In the Epistle to the Hebrews Christ is called '[[high]] [[priest]],' [[because]] by undergoing a [[bloody]] [[death]] he offered [[himself]] as an [[expiatory]] [[sacrifice]] to God, and has entered the [[heavenly]] [[sanctuary]] [[where]] he [[continually]] intercedes on [[our]] [[behalf]]: Riehm, Lehrbegriff des Hebräerbriefes, ii., pp. 431-488. In Greek writings the [[word]] is used by [[Herodotus]] 2 (37), 142) 143,151; [[Plato]], legg. 12, p. 947a.; [[Polybius]] 23,1, 2; 32,22, 5; [[Plutarch]], [[Numa]] c. 9, others; ([[often]] in Inscriptions); [[once]] (viz., Sept., [[where]] [[ἱερεύς]] [[μέγας]] is [[usual]], in the O. T. Apocrypha, 1Esdr. 5:40 1Esdr. 9:40, and [[often]] in the books of Maccabees. | ||
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|sngr='''原文音譯''':¢rciereÚj 阿而赫-衣留士<br />'''詞類次數''':名詞(123)<br />'''原文字根''':原始-聖的(一位) 相當於: ([[כֹּהֵן]]‎)<br />'''字義溯源''':大祭司,祭司長;和合本有一半以上(65次)譯為:祭司長( 太2:4),其餘的譯為:大祭司( 太26:3),由([[ἀρχή]])=開始)與([[ἱερεύς]])=祭司)組成;其中 ([[ἀρχή]])出自([[ἄρχω]])=著手), ([[ἄρχω]])出自([[ἄρχω]])*=為首),而 ([[ἱερεύς]])出自([[ἱερός]])*=神聖的)在四福音和行傳中,大祭司(或祭司長)是指任職大祭司那個人,或其體系中高職位的人,如:亞那( 約18:13; 徒4:6)。在希伯來書中,大祭司是專指主耶穌。間或有時說到主耶穌為大祭司不像律法時代中的大祭司( 來7:27 ,28)<br />'''出現次數''':總共(122);太(25);可(22);路(15);約(21);徒(22);來(17)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 祭司長(64) 太2:4; 太16:21; 太20:18; 太21:15; 太21:23; 太21:45; 太26:3; 太26:14; 太26:47; 太26:59; 太27:1; 太27:3; 太27:6; 太27:12; 太27:20; 太27:41; 太27:62; 太28:11; 可8:31; 可10:33; 可11:18; 可11:27; 可14:1; 可14:10; 可14:43; 可14:53; 可14:55; 可15:1; 可15:3; 可15:10; 可15:11; 可15:31; 路9:22; 路19:47; 路20:1; 路20:19; 路22:2; 路22:4; 路22:52; 路22:66; 路23:4; 路23:10; 路23:13; 路24:20; 約7:32; 約7:45; 約11:47; 約11:57; 約12:10; 約18:3; 約18:35; 約19:6; 約19:15; 約19:21; 徒4:23; 徒5:24; 徒9:21; 徒19:14; 徒22:30; 徒23:14; 徒25:2; 徒25:15; 徒26:10; 徒26:12;<br />2) 大祭司(55) 太26:3; 太26:51; 太26:57; 太26:58; 太26:62; 太26:63; 太26:65; 可2:26; 可14:47; 可14:53; 可14:54; 可14:60; 可14:61; 可14:63; 可14:66; 路3:2; 路22:50; 路22:54; 約11:49; 約11:51; 約18:10; 約18:13; 約18:15; 約18:15; 約18:16; 約18:19; 約18:22; 約18:24; 約18:26; 徒4:6; 徒5:17; 徒5:21; 徒5:27; 徒7:1; 徒9:1; 徒22:5; 徒23:2; 徒23:4; 徒23:5; 徒24:1; 來2:17; 來3:1; 來4:14; 來5:1; 來5:5; 來5:10; 來6:20; 來7:26; 來7:27; 來8:1; 來8:3; 來9:7; 來9:11; 來9:25; 來13:11;<br />3) 為大祭司(1) 來7:28;<br />4) 祭司長的(1) 徒9:14;<br />5) 一位大祭司(1) 來4:15 | |sngr='''原文音譯''':¢rciereÚj 阿而赫-衣留士<br />'''詞類次數''':名詞(123)<br />'''原文字根''':原始-聖的(一位) 相當於: ([[כֹּהֵן]]‎)<br />'''字義溯源''':大祭司,祭司長;和合本有一半以上(65次)譯為:祭司長( 太2:4),其餘的譯為:大祭司( 太26:3),由([[ἀρχή]])=開始)與([[ἱερεύς]])=祭司)組成;其中 ([[ἀρχή]])出自([[ἄρχω]])=著手), ([[ἄρχω]])出自([[ἄρχω]])*=為首),而 ([[ἱερεύς]])出自([[ἱερός]])*=神聖的)在四福音和行傳中,大祭司(或祭司長)是指任職大祭司那個人,或其體系中高職位的人,如:亞那( 約18:13; 徒4:6)。在希伯來書中,大祭司是專指主耶穌。間或有時說到主耶穌為大祭司不像律法時代中的大祭司( 來7:27,28)<br />'''出現次數''':總共(122);太(25);可(22);路(15);約(21);徒(22);來(17)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 祭司長(64) 太2:4; 太16:21; 太20:18; 太21:15; 太21:23; 太21:45; 太26:3; 太26:14; 太26:47; 太26:59; 太27:1; 太27:3; 太27:6; 太27:12; 太27:20; 太27:41; 太27:62; 太28:11; 可8:31; 可10:33; 可11:18; 可11:27; 可14:1; 可14:10; 可14:43; 可14:53; 可14:55; 可15:1; 可15:3; 可15:10; 可15:11; 可15:31; 路9:22; 路19:47; 路20:1; 路20:19; 路22:2; 路22:4; 路22:52; 路22:66; 路23:4; 路23:10; 路23:13; 路24:20; 約7:32; 約7:45; 約11:47; 約11:57; 約12:10; 約18:3; 約18:35; 約19:6; 約19:15; 約19:21; 徒4:23; 徒5:24; 徒9:21; 徒19:14; 徒22:30; 徒23:14; 徒25:2; 徒25:15; 徒26:10; 徒26:12;<br />2) 大祭司(55) 太26:3; 太26:51; 太26:57; 太26:58; 太26:62; 太26:63; 太26:65; 可2:26; 可14:47; 可14:53; 可14:54; 可14:60; 可14:61; 可14:63; 可14:66; 路3:2; 路22:50; 路22:54; 約11:49; 約11:51; 約18:10; 約18:13; 約18:15; 約18:15; 約18:16; 約18:19; 約18:22; 約18:24; 約18:26; 徒4:6; 徒5:17; 徒5:21; 徒5:27; 徒7:1; 徒9:1; 徒22:5; 徒23:2; 徒23:4; 徒23:5; 徒24:1; 來2:17; 來3:1; 來4:14; 來5:1; 來5:5; 來5:10; 來6:20; 來7:26; 來7:27; 來8:1; 來8:3; 來9:7; 來9:11; 來9:25; 來13:11;<br />3) 為大祭司(1) 來7:28;<br />4) 祭司長的(1) 徒9:14;<br />5) 一位大祭司(1) 來4:15 | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Wikipedia EN== | ==Wikipedia EN== |
Revision as of 10:19, 9 January 2022
English (LSJ)
έως, ὁ: Ion. ἀρχιέρεως, εω, Hdt.2.37, also in Pl.Lg.947a: acc. pl. ἀρχιρέας v.l. in Hdt.2.142:— A archiereus, arch-priest, arch priest, chief-priest, chief priest, ll. cc., freq. in Inscrr., νήσου OGI93.3 (Cyprus), etc.: especially in Roman provinces, of the Imperial cult, ἀρχιερεύς Ἀσίας ib. 458.31, etc., cf. PRyl.149.2 (i A. D.), etc.:—at Rome, = pontifex, Plu. Num.9, etc.; ἀρχιερεύς μέγιστος, = pontifex maximus, SIG832, etc. (but ἀρχιερεύς alone, IG7.2711, etc.):—at Jerusalem, high priest, LXX Le. 4.3, Ev.Matt.26.3, etc. (Spelt ἀρχι-ιερεύς IGRom.4.882 (Themisonium)).
German (Pape)
[Seite 366] ὁ, Oberpriester, Her. 2, 143 u. öfter; pontifex maximus, Plut. Num. 9.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἀρχιερεύς: έως, ὁ: Ἰων. ἀρχιέρεως, εω, ὁ, Ἡρόδ. 2. 37, ὡσαύτως ἐν Πλάτ. Νόμ. 947Α: αἰτ. πλ. ἀρχιρέας (ἐκ τοῦ ἀρχιρεὺς) Ἡρόδ. 2. 142: - ἀρχιερεύς, ἔνθ’ ἀνωτ. καὶ συχν. ἐν Ἐπιγρ., Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 381-3, 479, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ῥώμῃ ὁ [Pontifex Maximus], Πλούτ. Νουμ. 9· ἀρχ. μέγιστος, ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 320, 1305, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ὁ ἀνώτατος ἱερεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Εὐαγγ. κ. Ματθ. κς΄, 3, κτλ.
French (Bailly abrégé)
έως (ὁ) :
grand-prêtre.
Étymologie: ἄρχω, ἱερεύς.
Spanish (DGE)
-έως, ὁ
• Alolema(s): jón. ἀρχιέρεως Hdt.2.37; eol. ἀρχείρευς IG 12(2).239.6; ἀρχίρευς IG 12(2).249.5 (Mitilene, imper.); ἀρχιιερεύς IGR 4.882 (Temisonio); ἀρχιγερεύς PHib.62.8 (III a.C.), PPetr.3.53p2 (III a.C.) en BL 1.382
• Morfología: [sg. ac. ἀρχιερῆ IEphesos 4333.3.4 (II d.C.); plu. gen. ἀρχιέρεων Pl.Lg.947a, poét. ἀρχιερήων GVI 1903.10 (Mégara III d.C.); ac. ἀρχιερέας Hdt.2.142]
I 1sumo o gran sacerdote
a) en Egipto ἱρᾶται δὲ οὐκ εἷς ἑκάστου τῶν θεῶν ἀλλὰ πολλοί, τῶν εἷς ἐστι ἀ. Hdt.2.37, cf. 142, 143, 151
•en el Egipto heleníst. ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ προφῆται OGI 56.3, ἐπιστάτης καὶ ἀ. καὶ οἱ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γραμματεῖς OGI 56.73 (III a.C.), cf. PHib.l.c., PPetr.l.c., POxy.3506.20 (III d.C.);
b) en Siria, Syria 1976 p.129 (I a.C.), Luc.DSyr.36;
c) de dioses griegos sincretizados con otros egipcios u orientales PEleph.25.6 (III a.C.), τοῦ Διός A.Barn.1 (p.292.10);
d) de dioses griegos en cultos utópicos, Pl.Lg.947a;
e) unido a un tít. milit. y prob. ref. a cultos reales heleníst. στραταγὸς καὶ ἀ. Συρίας κοίλας OGI 230.2 (III/II a.C.), cf. CRAI 1938.305-7, ἀρχιερεὺς τῆς νήσου OGI 93.3 (Chipre III/II a.C.);
f) en época romana dedicado al culto del emperador y a funciones administrativas ἀ. τῆς Ἀσίας CRIA 54.5 (Heraclea de la Salbace I d.C.), cf. Mart.Pol.21, en el Egipto romano PRyl.149.2 (I d.C.), ἀ. Ἀδριανοῦ PAmh.124.26 (III d.C.), de Caracalla IM 198.7, cf. BGU 362.12.3, POxy.2768.6 (III d.C.), de la emperatriz ἀ. Φαυστίνης PAmh.124.28 (III d.C.), adscrito hereditariamente a ciertas familias ἀφ' αἵματος ἀρχιερήων GVI 1903.10 (Mégara III d.C.).
2 en Roma
a) en sg. pontífice máximo Plb.22.3.2, 32.6.5, Plu.2.89f
•adoptado como título por Julio César y los emperadores romanos IG 7.2711.22, ἀ. καὶ δικτάτωρ IG 22.3222 (I a.C.), IGR 4.304 (I a.C.), ἀ. καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ IG 12(5).556 (I a.C.), SIG 760, καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς ἀ. I.AI 16.162
•tb. llamado ἀ. ποντιφίκων D.C.37.37.2, precisado como μέγιστος: Τιβέριος Κλαύδιος Καῖσαρ ἀ. μέγιστος I.AI 19.287, ἀ. μέγιστος Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ ... Ἁδριανός IG 12(3)177.4 (Astipalea), cf. IEphesos l.c., de Vespasiano IGR 4.267, de Domiciano MAMA 6.2 (Laodicea del Lico I d.C.), de Antonino Pío MAMA 4.235.10 (Timandro, Frigia), PAnt.191.12 (III d.C.), de emperadores cristianos τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ βασιλεῖ CEph.(449) Act.p.138.28;
b) en plu. pontífices ἐπὶ τοῦ παρὰ τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσι κειμένου πίνακος en la tabla (de anales) depositada en el colegio pontifical D.H.1.74 (= Plb.6.11a.2), ἡ τῶν ἀρχιερέων (διάταξις) οὓς ποντίφικας καλοῦσιν Plu.Num.9.
3 en el culto judío y luego crist.
a) en sg. sumo sacerdote Aristeas 1, LXX Le.4.3, Io.22.13, 1Ma.10.20, 32, Ph.1.684, ἀ. μέγας LXX 1Ma.13.42, como presidente del sanedrín Eu.Matt.26.57, 62, ἐσθῆτας τῶν ἱερέων καὶ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως I.BI 1.26, cf. Plu.2.672a
•fig. de Cristo Ep.Heb.2.17, 3.1, del arcángel en rel. al ángel, Clem.Al.Ex.Thdot.27(p.116.5), del apóstol o profeta crist. Didache 13.3, Epiph.Const.Haer.29.4 (p.324.21)
•gener. del cristiano, Iust.Phil.Dial.116.3, o de su alma perfeccionada, Clem.Al.Strom.2.9.45;
b) en plu. príncipes de los sacerdotes, miembros de la aristocracia sacerdotal, Eu.Luc.23.13, Eu.Marc.8.31, Ὀνίας μὲν εἷς τῶν ἀρχιερέων I.BI 1.31
•οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς el sanedrín, Act.Ap.9.14, cf. Nonn.Par.Eu.Io.19.6.
4 sólo en época crist. alta jerarquía eclesiástica de los obispos, Gr.Naz.Ep.167, Const.App.2.57.16, de patriarcas Pall.VChrys.7p.39, cf. MAMA 1.208 (Laodicea Combusta).
II ὁ Ἀ. el mes Arquiereo, Hemerolog.Flor.p.106, cf. ἀρχιέριος 1.
English (Abbott-Smith)
ἀρχιερεύς, -έως, ὁ, [in LXX for כּ הָרֹאשׁ,כּ הַגָּדוֹל,כּהֵן;]
1.high-priest: Mk 2:26 14:47, al.; of Christ: He 2:17 3:1, al.
2.In pl., chief priests, including ex-high-priests and members of high-priestly families: Mt 2:4, Mk 8:31, al. (Cremer, 294; DCG, i, 297f.; MM, s.v.).
English (Strong)
from ἀρχή and ἱερεύς; the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ); by extension a chief priest: chief (high) priest, chief of the priests.
English (Thayer)
ἀρχιερέως, ὁ, chief priest, high priest.
1. He who above all others was honored with the title of priest, the chief of the priests, הַגָדול כֹּהֵן (הָרֹאשׁ כֹּהֵן, Acts, and the Epistle to the Heb. It was lawful for him to perform the common duties of the priesthood; but his chief duty was, once a year on the day of atonement, to enter the Holy of holies (from which the other priests were excluded) and offer sacrifice for his own sins and the sins of the people (Leviticus 16; Josephus, Antiquities 20,10; see Αννας). Cf. Winer s RWB under the word Hoherpriester; Oehler in Herzog vi., pp. 198ff; (BB. DD., see under the words, High Priest, Priest, etc. The names of the 28 (27?) above alluded to are given, together with a brief notice of each, in an article by Schürer in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, pp. 597-607).
2. The plural ἀρχιερεῖς, which occurs often in the Gospels and Acts, as Josephus, comprises, in addition to the one actually holding the high priestly office, both those who had previously discharged it and although deposed continued to have great power in the State (Josephus, Vita38; b. j. 2,12, 6; 4,3, 7; 9; 4,4, 3; see Αννας above), as well as the members of the families from which high priests were created, provided they had much influence in public affairs (Josephus, b. j. 6,2, 2). See on this point the learned discussion by Schürer, Die ἀρχιερεῖς im N. T, in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, p. 593ff and in his Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 23iii., p. 407ff (Prof. Schürer, besides reviewing the opinions of the more recent writers, contends that in no instance where indubitable reference to the heads of the twenty-four classes is made (neither in the Sept. Josephus, Antiquities 7,14, 7) are they called ἀρχιερεῖς; that the nearest approximations to this term are periphrases such as ἄρχοντες τῶν ἱερέων, φυλαρχοι τῶν ἱερέων, Esra apocr. (1Esdr.) Josephus, Antiquities 11,5, 4; and that the word ἀρχιερεῖς was restricted in its application to those who actually held, or had held, the high priestly office, together with the members of the few prominent families from which the high priests still continued to be selected, cf. Josephus, b. j. 4,3, 6.)
3. In the Epistle to the Hebrews Christ is called 'high priest,' because by undergoing a bloody death he offered himself as an expiatory sacrifice to God, and has entered the heavenly sanctuary where he continually intercedes on our behalf: Riehm, Lehrbegriff des Hebräerbriefes, ii., pp. 431-488. In Greek writings the word is used by Herodotus 2 (37), 142) 143,151; Plato, legg. 12, p. 947a.; Polybius 23,1, 2; 32,22, 5; Plutarch, Numa c. 9, others; (often in Inscriptions); once (viz., Sept., where ἱερεύς μέγας is usual, in the O. T. Apocrypha, 1Esdr. 5:40 1Esdr. 9:40, and often in the books of Maccabees.
Greek Monotonic
ἀρχιερεύς: -έως, ὁ, Ιων. ἀρχιέρεως, -ω, αιτ. πληθ. ἀρχιρέας (από ἀρχιρεύς)· αρχιερέας, ανώτερος ιερέας, ποιμενάρχης, σε Ηρόδ.· στη Ρώμη, Pontifex Maximus, σε Πλούτ.· στην Ιερουσαλήμ, ανώτατος ιερέας των Ιουδαίων, σε Καινή Διαθήκη
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἀρχιερεύς: έως ὁ
1) верховный жрец Plat.;
2) (в Риме) = pontifex maximus Polyb., Plut.;
3) (у евреев) первосвященник NT.
Middle Liddell
an arch-priest, chief-priest, Hdt.:— at Rome, the Pontifex Maximus, Plut.:—at Jerusalem, the high-priest, NTest.
Chinese
原文音譯:¢rciereÚj 阿而赫-衣留士
詞類次數:名詞(123)
原文字根:原始-聖的(一位) 相當於: (כֹּהֵן)
字義溯源:大祭司,祭司長;和合本有一半以上(65次)譯為:祭司長( 太2:4),其餘的譯為:大祭司( 太26:3),由(ἀρχή)=開始)與(ἱερεύς)=祭司)組成;其中 (ἀρχή)出自(ἄρχω)=著手), (ἄρχω)出自(ἄρχω)*=為首),而 (ἱερεύς)出自(ἱερός)*=神聖的)在四福音和行傳中,大祭司(或祭司長)是指任職大祭司那個人,或其體系中高職位的人,如:亞那( 約18:13; 徒4:6)。在希伯來書中,大祭司是專指主耶穌。間或有時說到主耶穌為大祭司不像律法時代中的大祭司( 來7:27,28)
出現次數:總共(122);太(25);可(22);路(15);約(21);徒(22);來(17)
譯字彙編:
1) 祭司長(64) 太2:4; 太16:21; 太20:18; 太21:15; 太21:23; 太21:45; 太26:3; 太26:14; 太26:47; 太26:59; 太27:1; 太27:3; 太27:6; 太27:12; 太27:20; 太27:41; 太27:62; 太28:11; 可8:31; 可10:33; 可11:18; 可11:27; 可14:1; 可14:10; 可14:43; 可14:53; 可14:55; 可15:1; 可15:3; 可15:10; 可15:11; 可15:31; 路9:22; 路19:47; 路20:1; 路20:19; 路22:2; 路22:4; 路22:52; 路22:66; 路23:4; 路23:10; 路23:13; 路24:20; 約7:32; 約7:45; 約11:47; 約11:57; 約12:10; 約18:3; 約18:35; 約19:6; 約19:15; 約19:21; 徒4:23; 徒5:24; 徒9:21; 徒19:14; 徒22:30; 徒23:14; 徒25:2; 徒25:15; 徒26:10; 徒26:12;
2) 大祭司(55) 太26:3; 太26:51; 太26:57; 太26:58; 太26:62; 太26:63; 太26:65; 可2:26; 可14:47; 可14:53; 可14:54; 可14:60; 可14:61; 可14:63; 可14:66; 路3:2; 路22:50; 路22:54; 約11:49; 約11:51; 約18:10; 約18:13; 約18:15; 約18:15; 約18:16; 約18:19; 約18:22; 約18:24; 約18:26; 徒4:6; 徒5:17; 徒5:21; 徒5:27; 徒7:1; 徒9:1; 徒22:5; 徒23:2; 徒23:4; 徒23:5; 徒24:1; 來2:17; 來3:1; 來4:14; 來5:1; 來5:5; 來5:10; 來6:20; 來7:26; 來7:27; 來8:1; 來8:3; 來9:7; 來9:11; 來9:25; 來13:11;
3) 為大祭司(1) 來7:28;
4) 祭司長的(1) 徒9:14;
5) 一位大祭司(1) 來4:15
Wikipedia EN
Archiereus (Ancient Greek: ἀρχιερεύς, Russian, arkhierei) is a Greek term for diocesan bishop, when considered as the culmination of the priesthood. It is used in the liturgical books of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Church, for those services which correspond to the pontifical services of the Roman Rite. The term is distinct from protoiereus (archpriest), the highest ecclesiastical rank to which a married priest may attain in the Greek Church. The word is used by the homilist in the New Testament letter to the Hebrews to mean "high priest" (Heb 2:17; 3:1; 4:14,15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26,27,28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25; 19:11; 13:11).
Wikipedia RO
Arhiereu este numele generic pentru gradele superioare ale clerului (episcop, arhiepiscop, mitropolit). În Biserica Ortodoxă Română, vicarul unei episcopii se numește arhiereu vicar.
Wikipedia UK
Архієре́й, архиєрей (від дав.-гр. ἀρχι- «старший», «головний» та дав.-гр. ἱερεύς «жрець»; грецька приставка «архі-» до слова ієрей служить для позначення вищих посад у церковній ієрархії, наприклад: архіпапа, архієпископ, архідиякон, архімандрит тощо. Цебто дав.-гр. ἀρχιερεύς — це «верховний жрець», «первосвященник»):
- в українській мові існує як термін, що у правосл. церк. ієрархії означає заг. назву для вищих чинів (єпископа, архієпископа, митрополита, патріарха) з числа т. з. чорного, тобто чернецького, духівництва. Функції і повноваження А. визначаються внутр. церк. правилами.
- за Старим Завітом, архієрей — вищий жрець, первосвященник. Новий Завіт так іменує Ісуса Христа;
- це титул старшого над ієреями (пресвітерами), тобто священника сану єпископа.[джерело?] У цьому випадку виєднана функція священнодійства у вівтарі храму від влади єпископа;
- синонімічно використовується поруч з такими поняттями, як «архіпастир» та «ієрарх»;
- відповідно до теологічної науки (догматика) в християнстві вживається щодо священнослужителів третього вищого ступеня (єпископ, архієпископ, митрополит, патріарх, кардинал, Папа Римський тощо);
- повновладний глава духівництва церковно-адміністративного округу — єпархії. Він висвячує пресвітерів (ієреїв), дияконів, призначає священнослужителів на парафії, вирішує незгоди між мирянами та ієреями тощо, відповідно до канонічного права.