νόμος: Difference between revisions
Σωτηρίας σημεῖον ἥμερος τρόπος → Auf Rettung deutet kultivierte Lebensart → Ein Hinweis auf die Rettung ist die sanfte Art
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{{StrongGR | {{StrongGR | ||
|strgr=from a [[primary]] nemo (to [[parcel]] [[out]], [[especially]] [[food]] or [[grazing]] to animals); [[law]] ([[through]] the [[idea]] of prescriptive [[usage]]), genitive [[case]] ([[regulation]]), [[specially]], (of Moses (including the [[volume]]); [[also]] of the Gospel), or [[figuratively]] (a [[principle]]): [[law]]. | |strgr=from a [[primary]] nemo (to [[parcel]] [[out]], [[especially]] [[food]] or [[grazing]] to animals); [[law]] ([[through]] the [[idea]] of prescriptive [[usage]]), genitive [[case]] ([[regulation]]), [[specially]], (of Moses (including the [[volume]]); [[also]] of the Gospel), or [[figuratively]] (a [[principle]]): [[law]]. | ||
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{{Thayer | |||
|txtha=νόμου, ὁ (νέμω to divide, distribute, apportion), in secular authors from Hesiod down, anything established, anything received by usage, a custom, usage, law; in the Sept. very often for תּורָה, also for חֻקָּה, דָּת, etc. In the N. T. a command, law; and<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of any law whatsoever: διά ποίου νόμου; νόμος δικαιοσύνης, a law or rule producing a state approved of God, i. e. by the observance of which we are approved of God, a precept or injunction: κατά νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης, νόμος τοῦ νως, the rule of action prescribed by reason, νόμος, as ἕτερος νόμος ἐν τοῖς μέλεσί μου, a different law from that which God has given, i. e. the impulse to sin inherent in human nature, or ὁ νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας (genitive of author), ὁ νόμος τοῦ θανάτου, emanating from the power of death, ὁ νόμος τοῦ πνεύματος, the impulse to (right) action emanating from the Spirit, ibid.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of the Mosaic law, and referring, according to the context, either to the volume of the law or to its contents: with the article, L T Tr WH omit the article (also G in Romans , ii., p. 57; (others take νόμος here generally, equivalent to controlling principle; see 1above under the end and cf. Winer s Grammar, 557 (578); Buttmann, § 151,15)); δόγμα, 2); Μωϋσέως, L T Tr WH omit the article); κυρίου, τοῦ Θεοῦ, (T WH marginal reading); κατά τόν νόμον, according to the (standard or requirement of the) law, νόμος without the article (in the Epistles of Paul and James and the Epistle to the Hebrews; cf. Winer s Grammar, p. 123 (117); Buttmann, 89 (78); (some interpreters contend that νόμος without the article denotes not the law of Moses but law viewed as 'a principle', 'abstract and universal'; cf. Lightfoot on Fresh Revision, etc., p. 99; Vaughan on Romans , pp. 41ff. (cf. Cremer, under the word). This distinction is contrary to usage (as exhibited e. g. in Galatians 3:; κυρίου, L has the article), L T Tr WH add the article); of Θεοῦ, Μωϋσέως, διά νόμου, χωρίς νόμου, without the cooperation of the law, οἱ ἐκ νόμου, those who rule their life by the law, Jews, οἱ ἐν νόμῳ, who are in the power of the law, i. e. bound to it, ἐν τῷ νόμῳ); ὑπό νόμον, under dominion of the law, οἱ ὑπό νόμον, δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν νόμῳ, ἔργα νόμου (see ἔργον, under the end); ἐν νόμῳ ἁμαρτάνειν, under law, i. e. with knowledge of the law, ἔχοντες νόμον, cf. νόμον μή ἔχειν, ibid. 14; ἑαυτοῖς εἰσί νόμος, their natural knowledge of right takes the place of the Mosaic law, ibid.; νόμος ἔργων, the law demanding works, διά νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον, by the law itself (when I became convinced that by keeping it I could not attain to salvation, cf. Winer s Grammar, 210 (197); Buttmann, § 133,12). κατά νόμον, as respects the interpretation and observance of the law, πληροῦν νόμον, τόν νόμον πληροῦν τό δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου, φυλάσσειν (τόν) νόμον, τά δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου, πράσσειν νόμον, ποιεῖν τόν νόμον, τηρεῖν, ); τέλειν, ἀκυρουν τόν νόμον T WH marginal reading). ὁ νόμος is used of some particular ordinance of the Mosaic law in τοῦ ἀνδρός, the law enacted respecting the husband, i. e. binding the wife to her husband, elz omit τοῦ νόμου (so ὁ νόμος τοῦ πάσχα, τοῦ λεπροῦ, Romans , ii., p. 9; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,2 β.). Although the Jews did not make a distinction as we do between the moral, the ceremonial; the civil, precepts of the law, but thought that all should be honored and kept with the same conscientious and pious regard, yet in the N. T. not infrequently the law is so referred to as to show that the speaker or writer has his eye on the ethical part of it alone, as of primary importance and among Christians also of perpetual validity, but does not care for the ceremonial and civil portions, as being written for Jews alone: thus in τά τοῦ νόμου, the precepts, moral requirements, of the law, νόμος (without the article) designates only the ethical portion of the Mosaic law, confirmed by the authority of the Christian religion: the Christian religion: νόμος πίστεως, the law demanding faith, τοῦ Χριστοῦ, the moral instruction given by Christ, especially the precept concerning love, τῆς ἐλευθερίας (see ἐλευθερία, a.), ὁ καινός νόμος τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἄνευ ζυγοῦ ἀνάγκης ὤν, the Epistle of Barnabas 2,6 [ET] (see Harnack's note, in the place cited).<br /><b class="num">4.</b> by metonymy ὁ νόμος, the name of the more important part (i. e. the Pentateuch), is put for the entire collection of the sacred books of the O. T.: Theod.) Song of Solomon 2Macc. 2:18, where cf. Grimm); ὁ νόμος καί οἱ προφῆται, ὁ νόμος (οἱ) προφῆται καί ψαλμοί, the religious dispensation contained in the O. T., ὁ νόμος, οἱ προφῆται καί τά ἀλλά πατριά βιβλία, proleg. to Sir.). Paul's doctrine concerning ὁ νόμος is exhibited by (besides others) Weiss, Biblical Theol. §§ 71,72; Pfleiderer, Paulinismus, pp. 69f. (English translation, i., p. 68f; A. Zahn, Das Gesetz Gottes nach d. Lehre u. Erfahrung d. Apestel Paulus, Halle 1876; R. Tiling, Die Paulinische Lehre vom νόμος nach d. vier Hauptbriefen, as above with Dorpat, 1878). νόμος does not occur in the following N. T. books: 2 Corinthians , Colossians , Thessalonians, 2 Timothy , Peter, Jude , John , and Revelation. | |||
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Revision as of 16:44, 28 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ὁ, (νέμω)
A that which is in habitual practice, use or possession, not in Hom. (cf. J.Ap.2.15), though read by Zenod. in Od.1.3. I usage, custom, [Μοῦσαι] μέλπονται πάντων τε νόμους καὶ ἤθεα κεδνά Hes.Th.66; ν. ἀρχαῖος ἄριστος Id.Fr.221; ἔνθα ν. (sc. ἐστί) c. inf., where it is the custom... Alc.Supp.25.5; ν. πάντων βασιλεύς custom is lord of all, Pi.Fr.169.1; ν. δεσπότης Hdt.7.104, Pl. Lg.715d; ν. τύραννος τῶν ἀνθρώπων Id.Prt.337d; ἴησις ὀθονίοισι κατὰ τὸν ν. τὸν ἀρθριτικόν Hp.Art.18; ὡς νόμος Id.Mochl.37: hence, law, ordinance, τόνδε . . ν. διέταξε Κρονίων . . θηρσὶ . . ἐσθέμεν ἀλλήλους Hes. Op.276; τρέφονται πάντες οἱ ἀνθρώπειοι ν. ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου Heraclit. 114; ἄφθογγον εἶναι τὸν παλαμναῖον ν. [ἐστί] A.Eu.448; ν. κάλλιστον ἐξευρόντα, πειθαρχεῖν πατρί S.Tr.1177; ν. κοινός, = ὀρθὸς λόγος, Zeno Stoic.1.43: pl., ἔργων . . ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται ὑψίποδες S.OT865 (lyr.); νεοχμοῖς ν. Ζεὺς κρατύνει A.Pr.150 (lyr.). b in VT, of the law of God, ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ LXXPs.1.2, al., cf. Is.2.3; νόμον ὃν ἐνετείλατο ὑμῖν Μωϋσῆς ib.De.33.4; so in NT, ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως Ev.Luc.2.22, etc.; but also ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ep.Gal.6.2; ὁ ν. τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς, opp. ὁ ν. τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου, Ep.Rom.8.2; ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας Ep.Jac.1.25. c with Preps., κατὰ νόμον according to custom or law, Hes.Th.417, Hdt.1.61, etc.; κὰν νόμον Pi.O.8.78; οἱ κατὰ ν. ὄντες θεοί the established deities, Pl.Lg.904a; κατὰ νόμους A.Supp.241; παρὰ νόμον contrary to... Id.Eu.171 (lyr.); παρὰ τοὺς τῆς φύσεως ν. Pl.Ti.83e; ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ Pi.I.2.38; ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ by the law of Adrastus, i.e. at the Nemean games, Id.N.10.28: esp. in dat. νόμῳ by custom, conventionally, opp. φύσει, Hdt. 4.39, Philol.9, Arist.EN1094b16, etc.; ν. γλυκύ, ν. πικρόν, Democr.9; εἰ μή τις λέγοι ν. ὁρᾶν καὶ τὰς λεγομένας ποιότητας μὴ ἐν τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις εἶναι Plot.4.4.29; ὅσον νόμου χάριν just for form's sake, Diph.43.14, Arist.Metaph.1076a27. d statute, ordinance made by authority, [Σόλων] νόμους ἔθηκεν ἄλλους, τοῖς δὲ Δράκοντος θεσμοῖς ἐπαύσαντο χρώμενοι πλὴν τῶν φονικῶν Id.Ath.7.1 (but τὸν Δράκοντος ν. τὸν περὶ τοῦ φόνου IG12.115.5), etc.; νόμον τιθέναι, τίθεσθαι, v. τίθημι; βασιλικὸς ν. OGI483.1 (Pergam., ii A.D.), Ep.Jac.2.8: freq. of general laws, opp. ψηφίσματα (special decrees), Pl.Tht.173d, etc.; ὅταν τὰ ψηφίσματα κύρια ᾖ ἀλλὰ μὴ ὁ ν. Arist.Pol.1292a7: generally, law, ἄνευ ὀρέξεως νοῦς ὁ ν. ἐστίν ib. 1287a32; ἄγραφος ν. Lex ap. And.1.85, etc.; opp. γεγραμμένος, Arist.Rh.1373b6; ν. ἴδιος, opp. κοινός, ib.4; ὁ ν. freq. as subject, οἱ ν. διδόασι τιμωρίας D.18.12; ὧν ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει Inscr.Magn. 92b16 (ii B.C.); μὴ ὁ ν. κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον; Ev.Jo.7.51. e c. gen. rei, οὗτός τοι πεδίων πέλεται ν. Hes.Op.388; Ὑλλίδος στάθμας ἐν νόμοις Pi.P.1.62; τὸν φαρμάκων δίδαξε μαλακόχειρα ν. Id.N.3.55; ν. ἐμβολῆς καὶ διορθώσιος Hp.Mochl.38; ὁ ν. τοῦ κριοῦ, τοῦ ἀνδρός, τῶν ἐρανιστῶν, LXXLe.6.31 (7.1), Ep.Rom.7.2, SIG 1198.14 (Arcesine, iii B.C.); ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι to come to blows, into action, Hdt.9.48; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ ἀπόλλυσθαι, περιπεσεῖν, die in action, Id.8.89, Plb.1.57.8; μεταλλάξαι τὸν βίον ἐν χ. ν. Id.3.63.5, cf. 3.116.9; Ἀσδρούβας . . ἐν χ. ν. κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον Id.11.2.1; τοὺς μὲν ἐν χ. ν. διέφθειρε Id.1.82.2; τοὺς ἐν χ. ν. τὰς πολιτείας καταλύοντας by 'direct action', Aeschin.1.5; but κτεῖναι ἐν ταῖς πολεμικαῖς ἐξόδοις ἐν χειρὸς νόμῳ under martial law, Arist.Pol.1285a10; τῷ τοῦ πολέμου νόμῳ κτησάμενος Aeschin.2.33. 2 Νόμος personified, οἱ θεοὶ σθένουσι χὡ κείνων κρατῶν N. E.Hec.800, cf. Orph.Fr.105, 160. II melody, strain, οἶδα δ' ὀρνίχων νόμως πάντων Alcm.67; ν. ἵππιος Pi.O. 1.101; Ἀπόλλων ἁγεῖτο παντοίων ν. Id.N.5.25; ν. πολεμικοί Th.5.69; ἐπηλάλαξαν Ἀραὶ τὸν ὀξὺν ν. A.Th.952 (lyr.); κρεκτοὶ ν. S.Fr. 463, cf. AP9.584: metaph., τοὺς Ἅιδου ν. S.Fr.861. 2 esp. a type of early melody created by Terpander for the lyre as an accompaniment to Epic texts, ν. ὄρθιος Hdt.1.24; ν. Βοιώτιος S.Fr.966; ν. κιθαρῳδικοί Ar.Ra.1282, cf. Pl.Lg.700d, Arist.Po.1447b26, Pr.918b13, etc.; also for the flute, ν. αὐλῳδικός Plu.2.1132d; without sung text, ν. αὐλητικός ib.1133d, cf. 138b, Poll.4.79; later, composition including both words and melody, e.g. Tim.Pers. III = νοῦμμος (q. v.), Epich.136, Sophr.162, Inscr.Délos407.21 (ii B.C.); ν. σηστέρτιοι, = Lat. nummi sestertii, Inscr.Prien.41.13 (ii B.C.). IV Archit., course of masonry, IG12(2).11.17 (Mytil.).
German (Pape)
[Seite 262] ὁ, eigtl. das Zugetheilte, was Einer in Gebrauch genommen, Gebrauch, Herkommen und das dadurch gesetzlich Gewordene, Gesetz, Verordnung; als Lesart Zenodots Odyss. 1, 3, πολλῶν δ' ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόμον ἔγνω, s. Scholl.; Hes. O. 278. 390 Th. 66. 417; ἐν θεῶν νόμοις Pind. P. 2, 43, öfter; νεοχμοῖς δὲ δὴ νόμοις Ζεὺς κρατύνει, Aesch. Prom. 150; νόμῳ πόλεως, Suppl. 383; Δίκη ξύνεδρος Ζηνὸς ἀρχαίοις νόμοις, Soph. O. C. 1384; οἳ τούσδ' ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ὥρισαν νόμους, Ant. 448; νόμους ὑπερβαίνουσα τοὺς προκειμένους 477, öfter; übh. Vorschrift, Regel, φύλασσε πρῶτα μὲν νόμον τὸ μή 'πιθυμεῖν περισσὰ δρᾶν, Tr. 613; πειθαρχεῖν τοῖς δεδογμένοις νόμοις, Ar. Eccl. 762. Die Alten leiteten νόμος, das Gesetz, von νέμειν ab, a suum cuique tribuendo, Cic. Legg. 1, 19. Κατὰ νόμους, den Gesetzen gemäß, Aesch. Suppl. 385; u. so in Prosa überall, οἱ κατὰ νόμον θεοί, Plat. Legg. X, 904 a, vgl. III, 684 a, wie παρὰ νόμον, wider das Gesetz, Aesch. Eum. 164; Plat. Tim. 83 e u. Folgde. In Athen hießen bes. Solon's Gesetze νόμοι, vgl. θεσμός, u. die folgenden durch Volksbeschluß zum Gesetz erhobenen Bestimmungen; νόμοι καθεστῶτες, Ar. Nubb. 1382; κείμενος, Ran. 760; über die in Prosa gew. Verbindungen νόμον τίθεσθαι, λύειν u. ä. s. diese Verba; ὁ περὶ τὸν ἔρωτα νόμος, Plat. Conv. 182 a; er setzt oft φύσει – νόμῳ einander entgegen, Prot. 337 c Menex. 245 d; vgl. Her. 4, 39 u. Arist. eth. 1, 3. – Sitte, Brauch; κατὰ νόμους ἀφικτόρων, Aesch. Suppl. 217; Κισσίας νόμοις πολεμιστρίας, Ch. 418; Soph. Ai. 544; Pind. vrbdt φαρμάκων μαλακόχειρα νόμον, N. 3, 53, der Gebrauch der mit weicher Hand aufzulegenden Heilmittel; – oft bei Her., ἐμίσγετό οἱ ού κατὰ νόμον, 1, 61; ἐξαπατᾶν τοὺς εὖ ποιεῦντας νόμος ἐστί οἱ, 1, 90, öfter; ὁ τῶν Σκυθῶν νόμος, der Scythen Brauch, Plat. Legg. VII, 795 a; νόμῳ καὶ ἔθει, Crat. 384 d; τετράποδος νόμον, v. l. νόμῳ, Phaedr. 250 e; Sp., οὐ γάρ τοι θήρεσσι νόμος, Opp. Cyn. 3, 151; sprichwörtlich νόμος καὶ χώρα, ländlich, sittlich, Zenob. 5, 25; – χειρῶν νόμος, Faust- od. Gewaltrecht, Kriegsrecht, ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι, d. i. handgemein werden, Her. 9, 48; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ ἀπόλλυσθαι, 8, 89; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ καταφθείρεσθαι, μεταλλάξαι u. ä. oft Pol. (vgl. χείρ). – In der musikalischen Kunstsprache bedeutet νόμος im Allgemeinen die Tonweise, Harmonie; νόμοι ᾠδῆς, H. h. Apoll. 20; ἐπηλάλαξαν Ἀραὶ τὸν ὀξὺν νόμον, Aesch. Spt. 935; ὀρθίοις ἐν νόμοις, Ag. 1124, wie Ar. Equ. 1276; κρεκτὸν γοήτων νόμον μεθήσομεν πόλει, Ch. 809; Ar. Pax 1160; νόμοι κιθαρῳδικοί, Ran. 1280; Ὀλύμπου, Equ. 9, öfter; ὥςπερ τοῦ τῆς Αθηναίας νόμου προαύλιον, Plat. Crat. 417 e; κιθαρῳδικῆς ᾠδῆς λεγομένων νόμων προοίμια, Legg. IV, 722 d; πολεμικοί, Thuc. 5, 69; καὶ ἅμα ἐχόρευον νόμῳ τινὶ ᾄδοντες, Xen. An. 5, 4, 17; Sp., wie Pol. 4, 20, 9; Arist. probl. 19, 28; nach Schol. Ar. Equ. 9 bes. οἱ εἰς θεοὺς ὕμνοι. Bes. hieß so eine mit dem Dithyrambus verwandte alte Liederart, die zur Cither od. Flöte einer Gottheit, bes. dem Apollo zu Ehren angestimmt wurde.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
νόμος: (νέμω) κυρίως πᾶν ὅ,τι ἔχει ἀπονεμηθῇ ἢ δοθῇ κατ’ ἀναλογίαν, πᾶν ὅ, τι κατέχει τις ἢ μεταχειρίζεται, πρῶτον πάρ’ Ἡσ. (ὅτι ἡ λέξις δὲν ὑπῆρχε παρ’ Ὁμήρ. ἦν γνωστὸν τῷ Ἰωσήπῳ κατὰ Ἀπ. 2. 15, 3)· - ἐντεῦθεν, 1) χρῆσις, συνήθεια, καὶ πᾶν ὅ,τι ἕνεκα τούτων γίνεται νόμος, Λατ. institutum, Μοῦσαι... μέλπονται· πάντων τε νόμους καὶ ἤθεα κεδνὰ Ἡσ. Θ. 66· νόμος πάντων βασιλεύς, ἡ συνήθεια, τὸ ἔθιμον εἶναι τὸ ἀνώτατον πάντων, Πίνδ. παρ’ Ἡροδ. 3. 38, πρβλ. Πλάτ. Πρωτ. 337D· τόνδε.. νόμον διέταξε Κρονίων... θηρσί... ἐσθέμεν ἀλλήλους Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 274· ἄφθογγον εἶναι τὸν παλαμναῖον νόμος [ἐστι] Αἰσχύλ. Εὐμ. 448· νόμον κάλλιστον ἐξευρόντα, πειθαρχεῖν πατρὶ Σοφ. Τρ. 1177· - μετὰ προθέσ., κατὰ νόμον, κατ’ ἔθος, ἢ νόμον, Ἡσ. Θ. 417, Ἡρόδ. 1. 61, καὶ Ἀττ. ποιητ., κὰν νόμον Πινδ. Ο. 8. 103· οἱ κατὰ ν. ὄντες θεοί, οἱ καθιερωμένοι, νόμιμοι θεοί, Πλάτ. Νόμ. 904Α· οὕτω, κατὰ νόμους Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 241· - παρὰ νόμον, νόμους, ἐναντίον τῶν νόμων, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Εὐμ. 164, Πλάτ. Τίμ. 83Ε, κτλ.· - ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ, κατὰ συνήθειαν τῶν..., Πινδ. Ι. 2. 56· ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ, κατὰ τὴν Ἀδράστειον νομοθέτησιν, δηλ. ἐν Νεμέᾳ, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Ν. 10. 52, πρβλ. 8 ἐν τέλ.· - οὕτω κατὰ δοτ. νόμῳ, κατ’ ἔθος, κατὰ συνθήκην, κατὰ κοινὴν συναίνεσιν, ἀντίθ. τῷ φύσει, Ἡρόδ. 4. 39, Ἀριστ. 1. 3, 2, πρβλ. Heind. εἰς Πλάτ. Φαῖδρ. 231Ε· - ὅσον νόμου χάριν, Λατ. dicis causâ, χάριν τοῦ τύπου, Δίφιλος ἐν «Ζωγράφῳ» 2. 14. β) ἐν Ἀθήναις νόμοι ἐκαλοῦντο κυρίως οἱ τοῦ Σόλωνος· οἱ δὲ τοῦ Δράκοντος ὠνομάζοντο θεσμοὶ (τὸ παρ’ Ὁμήρῳ θέμιστες)· ἀκολούθως καθόλου πᾶς νόμος, ἀπόφασις, διαταγή, (ἴδε ἐν λ. ψήφισμα)· νόμον τιθέναι καὶ τίθεσθαι, ἴδε ἐν λ. τίθημι Α. ΙΙΙ. 2. 2) ὡσαύτως μετὰ γεν. πράγμ., οὗτός τοι πεδίων πέλεται νόμος, «οὗτος τῆς γεωργίας νόμος ἐστὶν» (Τζέτζ.), Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 386, πρβλ. Πινδ. Π. 1. 120, Ν. 3. 96· ἔργων..., ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 865· - ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ, διὰ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἰσχύος, διὰ τῆς βίας, ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τὸ ἐν δίκης νόμῳ· - ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ διαφθείρεσθαι, ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ πίπτειν, ἀποθνήσκειν ἐν τῇ συμπλοκῇ, ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, Ἡρόδ. 8. 89, καὶ συχν. παρὰ Πολυβ.· ἐν χειρὸς νόμῳ, ἐν πραγματικῷ πολέμῳ, κατὰ τὸν νόμον τοῦ πολέμου, Ἀριστ. Πολιτ. 3. 14, 4· ὡσαύτως ἐς χειρῶν νόμων ἀπικέσθαι, ἔρχεσθαι εἰς χεῖρας, Ἡρόδ. 9. 48. ΙΙ. μουσικὸς ῥυθμός, ἦχος, Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 575, Θήβ. 954, Χο. 823, Πλάτ., κτλ.· νόμοι κιθαρῳδικοὶ Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 1282· ἀηδόνιος ν. αὐτόθι 684. 2) ἰδίως παλαιὸν εἶδος ᾆσματος ἢ ᾠδῆς συγγενὲς τῷ διθυράμβῳ καὶ ἄνευ τινὸς ἀντιστροφῆς, Ἀριστ. Προβλ. 19. 15, πρβλ. Πλούτ. 2. 1133D κἑξ.· ἀλλ’ ἐν ἀντιθέσει πρὸς τὸ διθυραμβικά, Ἀριστ. Ποιητ. 1, 13· ᾔδετο τὸ τοιοῦτον ᾆσμα κατ’ ἰδιαίτερον τρόπον πρὸς λύραν ἢ αὐλὸν πρὸς τιμὴν θεοῦ τινος, συνήθως τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, Ἡρόδ. 1. 24, ἴδε ἐν λ. ὄρθιος ΙΙ. 2)· οὕτω, νόμος ἵππειος Πινδ. Ο. 1. 163· ὁ Βοιώτιος ν. Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 858· νόμοι πολεμικοί, μέλη πολεμ., Θουκ. 5. 69· μεταφ., θροεῖς τοὺς Ἅιδου ν. Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 407. ΙΙΙ. = νοῦμμος, ὃ ἴδε.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ὁ) :
I. usage, coutume : κατὰ νόμον HDT selon l’usage, d’après la coutume ; γυναικεῖος νόμος ESCHL la coutume des femmes;
II. p. suite :
1 opinion générale, maxime ; règle de conduite;
2 usage, coutume ayant force de loi, loi : νόμῳ ATT d’après la loi ; νόμῳ καὶ δίκῃ ATT d’après la loi et le droit ; ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι HDT en venir aux mains;
3 t. de mus. mode musical en parl. des cinq modes phrygien, lydien, ionien, éolien et dorien ; air, chant : νόμος ὀξὺς ὄρθιος ESCHL mélodie qui se chante sur un ton élevé.
Étymologie: DELG νέμω.
English (Slater)
νόμος (-ος, -ῳ, -ον; -ων, -οις.)
1
a custom, tradition ἔστι δὲ καί τι θανόντεσσιν μέρος κὰν νόμον ἐρδόμενον (O. 8.78) πόλιν Ὑλλίδος στάθμας Ἱέρων ἐν νόμοις ἔκτισσε (P. 1.62) οὔτ' ἐν ἀνδράσι γερασφόρον οὔτ ἐν θεῶν νόμοις (sc. Κένταυρον) (P. 2.43) Ἀσκλαπιόν· τὸν φαρμάκων δίδαξε μαλακόχειρα νόμον (v. l. νομόν) (N. 3.55) (ἔνεπεν αὐτόν) γάμον δαίσαντα πὰρ Δὶ Κρονίδᾳ σεμνὸν αἰνήσειν νόμον (νόμον, νομόν Σ: δόμον, γάμον codd.) (N. 1.72) τρὶς μὲν ἐν πόντοιο πύλαισι λαχών, τρὶς δὲ καὶ σεμνοῖς δαπέδοις Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ (N. 10.28) ἱπποτροφίας τε νομίζων ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ (I. 2.38)
b political tradition, regime ἐν πάντα δὲ νόμον εὐθύγλωσσος ἀνὴρ προφέρει, παρὰ τυραννίδι, χὠπόταν ὁ λάβρος στρατός, χὤταν πόλιν οἱ σοφοὶ τηρέωντι (P. 2.86) ἀδελφεοῖσί τ' ἐπαινήσομεν ἐσλοῖς, ὅτι ὑψοῦ φέροντι νόμον Θεσσαλῶν αὔξοντες (P. 10.70)
c tune, melody ἐμὲ δὲ στεφανῶσαι κεῖνον ἱππίῳ νόμῳ Αἰοληίδι μολπᾷ χρή (v. [Plut.], περὶ μουσικῆς, § 7) (O. 1.101) ἀλλά νιν εὑροῖσ (Ἀθάνα) ἀνδράσι θνατοῖς ἔχειν, ὠνύμασεν κεφαλᾶν πολλᾶν νόμον, εὐκλεᾶ λαοσσόων μναστῆρ' ἀγώνων (P. 12.23) φόρμιγγ' Ἀπόλλων ἑπτάγλωσσον χρυσέῳ πλάκτρῳ διώκων ἁγεῖτο παντοίων νόμων (N. 5.25) νόμων ἀκούοντες θεόδματον κέλαδον fr. 35c.
2 pro pers., Custom Νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων (“wenns die Menschen für gerecht erklären, wird auch die Gewalttat gerechtfertigt” Wil., 462: contra, Treu, Rh. M., 1963, 193ff.: v. Ostwald, H. S. C. P., 1965, 109ff.) fr. 169. 1.
English (Abbott-Smith)
νόμος, -ου, ὁ (< νέμω, to deal out, distribute), [in LXX chiefly for תּוֹרָה, also for חֻקָּה, etc.;]
that which is assigned, hence, usage, custom, then law; in NT (only in Mt, Jo, Ja, and the Lucan and Pauline bks.);
1.of law in general: Ro 3:27 5:13b; pl., of divine laws, He 8:10 10:16; ὁ ν. τ. Χριστοῦ, Ga 6:2; (τ.) ἐλευθερίας, Ja 1:25 2:12; βασιλικιός (Hort., in l.; Deiss., LAE, 267:3), Ja 2:8.
2.Of a force or influence impelling to action: Ro 7:21, 23a, 25 8:2.
3.Of the Mosaic law: Mt 5:18, Lk 2:27, Jo 1:17, Ac 6:13, Ro 2:15, I Co 9:8, I Ti 1:8, He 7:19; al.; Μωυσέως, Lk 2:22, Jo 7:23, Ac 15:5, al.; κυρίου, Lk 2:39; κατὰ τὸν ν., Ac 22:12, He 7:5 9:22.
4.As printed, Abbott-Smith mistakenly numbers this as 3.Anarthrous (Bl, §46, 8; ICC on Ro 2:12, 13), νόμος,
(a)of law in general: Ro 2:12, 14b 3:20, 21 4:15, al.;
(b)of the Mosaic law in its quality as law: Ro 2:14a 5:20 10:4, Ga 2:19, al.; οἱ ἐκ ν., Ro 4:14; ὑπὸ νόμον, I Co 9:20, Ga 4:5; ν. πράσσειν (πληροῦν), Ro 2:25 13:8.
5.Of Christian teaching: ν. πίστεως, Ro 3:27; τ. Χριστοῦ, Ga 6:2.
6.By meton., of thebooks which contain the law;
(a)of the Pentateuch: Mt 12:5, Jo 1:45, al.; ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται, Mt 5:17, Lk 16:16, al.; ὁ ν. καὶ προφῆται κ. ψαλμοί, Lk 24:44.
(b)of the OT Scriptures in general (as Heb. תֹּורָה): Jo 10:34 12:34 15:25, I Co 14:21, al.
English (Strong)
from a primary nemo (to parcel out, especially food or grazing to animals); law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of Moses (including the volume); also of the Gospel), or figuratively (a principle): law.
English (Thayer)
νόμου, ὁ (νέμω to divide, distribute, apportion), in secular authors from Hesiod down, anything established, anything received by usage, a custom, usage, law; in the Sept. very often for תּורָה, also for חֻקָּה, דָּת, etc. In the N. T. a command, law; and
1. of any law whatsoever: διά ποίου νόμου; νόμος δικαιοσύνης, a law or rule producing a state approved of God, i. e. by the observance of which we are approved of God, a precept or injunction: κατά νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης, νόμος τοῦ νως, the rule of action prescribed by reason, νόμος, as ἕτερος νόμος ἐν τοῖς μέλεσί μου, a different law from that which God has given, i. e. the impulse to sin inherent in human nature, or ὁ νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας (genitive of author), ὁ νόμος τοῦ θανάτου, emanating from the power of death, ὁ νόμος τοῦ πνεύματος, the impulse to (right) action emanating from the Spirit, ibid.
2. of the Mosaic law, and referring, according to the context, either to the volume of the law or to its contents: with the article, L T Tr WH omit the article (also G in Romans , ii., p. 57; (others take νόμος here generally, equivalent to controlling principle; see 1above under the end and cf. Winer s Grammar, 557 (578); Buttmann, § 151,15)); δόγμα, 2); Μωϋσέως, L T Tr WH omit the article); κυρίου, τοῦ Θεοῦ, (T WH marginal reading); κατά τόν νόμον, according to the (standard or requirement of the) law, νόμος without the article (in the Epistles of Paul and James and the Epistle to the Hebrews; cf. Winer s Grammar, p. 123 (117); Buttmann, 89 (78); (some interpreters contend that νόμος without the article denotes not the law of Moses but law viewed as 'a principle', 'abstract and universal'; cf. Lightfoot on Fresh Revision, etc., p. 99; Vaughan on Romans , pp. 41ff. (cf. Cremer, under the word). This distinction is contrary to usage (as exhibited e. g. in Galatians 3:; κυρίου, L has the article), L T Tr WH add the article); of Θεοῦ, Μωϋσέως, διά νόμου, χωρίς νόμου, without the cooperation of the law, οἱ ἐκ νόμου, those who rule their life by the law, Jews, οἱ ἐν νόμῳ, who are in the power of the law, i. e. bound to it, ἐν τῷ νόμῳ); ὑπό νόμον, under dominion of the law, οἱ ὑπό νόμον, δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν νόμῳ, ἔργα νόμου (see ἔργον, under the end); ἐν νόμῳ ἁμαρτάνειν, under law, i. e. with knowledge of the law, ἔχοντες νόμον, cf. νόμον μή ἔχειν, ibid. 14; ἑαυτοῖς εἰσί νόμος, their natural knowledge of right takes the place of the Mosaic law, ibid.; νόμος ἔργων, the law demanding works, διά νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον, by the law itself (when I became convinced that by keeping it I could not attain to salvation, cf. Winer s Grammar, 210 (197); Buttmann, § 133,12). κατά νόμον, as respects the interpretation and observance of the law, πληροῦν νόμον, τόν νόμον πληροῦν τό δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου, φυλάσσειν (τόν) νόμον, τά δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου, πράσσειν νόμον, ποιεῖν τόν νόμον, τηρεῖν, ); τέλειν, ἀκυρουν τόν νόμον T WH marginal reading). ὁ νόμος is used of some particular ordinance of the Mosaic law in τοῦ ἀνδρός, the law enacted respecting the husband, i. e. binding the wife to her husband, elz omit τοῦ νόμου (so ὁ νόμος τοῦ πάσχα, τοῦ λεπροῦ, Romans , ii., p. 9; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,2 β.). Although the Jews did not make a distinction as we do between the moral, the ceremonial; the civil, precepts of the law, but thought that all should be honored and kept with the same conscientious and pious regard, yet in the N. T. not infrequently the law is so referred to as to show that the speaker or writer has his eye on the ethical part of it alone, as of primary importance and among Christians also of perpetual validity, but does not care for the ceremonial and civil portions, as being written for Jews alone: thus in τά τοῦ νόμου, the precepts, moral requirements, of the law, νόμος (without the article) designates only the ethical portion of the Mosaic law, confirmed by the authority of the Christian religion: the Christian religion: νόμος πίστεως, the law demanding faith, τοῦ Χριστοῦ, the moral instruction given by Christ, especially the precept concerning love, τῆς ἐλευθερίας (see ἐλευθερία, a.), ὁ καινός νόμος τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἄνευ ζυγοῦ ἀνάγκης ὤν, the Epistle of Barnabas 2,6 [ET] (see Harnack's note, in the place cited).
4. by metonymy ὁ νόμος, the name of the more important part (i. e. the Pentateuch), is put for the entire collection of the sacred books of the O. T.: Theod.) Song of Solomon 2Macc. 2:18, where cf. Grimm); ὁ νόμος καί οἱ προφῆται, ὁ νόμος (οἱ) προφῆται καί ψαλμοί, the religious dispensation contained in the O. T., ὁ νόμος, οἱ προφῆται καί τά ἀλλά πατριά βιβλία, proleg. to Sir.). Paul's doctrine concerning ὁ νόμος is exhibited by (besides others) Weiss, Biblical Theol. §§ 71,72; Pfleiderer, Paulinismus, pp. 69f. (English translation, i., p. 68f; A. Zahn, Das Gesetz Gottes nach d. Lehre u. Erfahrung d. Apestel Paulus, Halle 1876; R. Tiling, Die Paulinische Lehre vom νόμος nach d. vier Hauptbriefen, as above with Dorpat, 1878). νόμος does not occur in the following N. T. books: 2 Corinthians , Colossians , Thessalonians, 2 Timothy , Peter, Jude , John , and Revelation.