quis

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

quis: quid (old
I nom. plur. QVES, S. C. Bacch.), pron. interrog. [Sanscr. kis, in nakis = nemo; Gr. τίς], who? which? what? what man? (while qui, quae, quod, interrog. is used adject.; for exceptions, v. qui and infra.—Quis is properly used only of more than two; uter, which of two?
v. infra).
I Masc. and fem. quis; lit.,
   A As subst., in a direct question.
   1    Of males: unde es? cujus es? whose are you? to whom do you belong? Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 44: Da. Quis homo est? Pa. Ego sum Pamphilus, who is there? Ter. And. 5, 6, 1: quis clarior in Graeciā Themistocle? quis potentior? Cic. Lael. 12, 42; id. de Or. 3, 34, 137: quis Dionem doctrinis omnibus expolivit? non Plato? id. ib. 3, 34, 139.—
   2    Quis, of females, as subst. and adj. (ante- and post-class.): et quis illaec est, quae? etc., Enn. ap. Non. 198, 3 (Trag. v. 133 Vahl.): quis tu es mulier, quae? etc., Pac. ap. Non. 197, 33; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 60 Müll.: quis ea est, quam? etc., who is she? Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 48: quis haec est? id. Pers. 2, 2, 18: quis illaec est mulier, quae? etc., id. Ep. 4, 1, 6: sed haec quis mulier est? id. Truc. 1, 1, 76: quis nostrarum fuit, Caecil. ap. Gell. 2, 23: quis haec est simia? Afran. ap. Charis. 1, p. 84.—
   B As adj.
   1    Absol., what? i. e. what sort of a person or thing? quis videor? Cha. Miser aeque atque ego, in what state or condition do I seem? what do you think of me now? Ter. And. 4, 2, 19: quis ego sum? aut quae in me est facultas? Cic. Lael. 5, 17. —
   2    With nouns.
   (a)    With words denoting a person (class.): quis eum senator appellavit, Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12: quis gracilis puer, Hor. C. 1, 5, 1.—
   (b)    In gen. (in Cic. only before a vowel, for qui): quis color, Verg. G. 2, 178: quisve locus, Liv. 5, 40: quod caedis initium? quis finis? Tac. A. 1, 48: quis esset tantus fructus? Cic. Lael. 6, 22. —
II In neutr.
   A Lit.
   1    In simple constr.: quid dicam de moribus facillimis, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: quid est judicium corrumpere, si hoc non est? what is bribing the court, if this be not? id. Verr. 1, 10, 28: quid ais? quid tibi nomen est? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 208.—
   2    With gen. partit., what? i. e. what sort of? what kind of a? quid mulieris Uxorem habes? what sort of a woman have you for a wife? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 21: quid illuc est hominum secundum litus? what is that knot of people? Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 60: quid caelati argenti, quid stragulae vestis, quid pictarum tabularum ... apud illum putatis esse? Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133; cf. esp.: hoc enim, quis homo sit, ostendere est, non quid homo sit, dicere, i. e. to point out an individual, not to define a class, Gell. 4, 1, 12.—
   3    Esp. in phrase quid dico? what do I say? in correcting or strengthening the speaker's own expression: Romae a. d. XIIII. Kal. volumus esse. Quid dico? Volumus? Immo vero cogimur, Cic. Att. 4, 13, 1; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; id. Mil. 28, 76; id. de Or. 2, 90, 365; id. Lig. 9, 26.—
   B Transf.
   1    Quid? how? why? wherefore? quid? tu me hoc tibi mandasse existimas, ut? etc., Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1: quid hoc? id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25: quid? eundem nonne destituisti? id. Phil. 2, 38, 99: eloquere, quid venisti? why? wherefore? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 221: sed quid ego argumentor? quid plura disputo? Cic. Mil. 16, 44. —
   2    In quid? wherefore? for what? Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3. —
   3    Quid, with particles: quid, quod? what shall be said to this, that? how is it that? and furthermore, moreover, Cic. Sen. 23, 83; id. Off. 3, 25, 94; id. Ac. 2, 29, 95 et saep.: quid ita? why so? id. N. D. 1, 35, 99: quid ni, also in one word, quidni? why not? (in rhet. questions, while cur non expects an answer); always with subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 34; Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 73; Sen. Tranq. 9, 3; id. Ira, 1, 6, 1; cf. separated: quid ego ni teneam? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 57; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28; and pleonastically: quid ni non, Sen. Ep. 52: quid si? how if? Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4: quid si illud addimus, Cic. Lael. 14, 50: quid tum? what then? how then? id. Tusc. 2, 11, 26; Verg. A. 4, 543; id. E. 10, 38; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230: quid ergo, ironically, Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 14: quid enim, id. Fin. 2, 19, 62; Liv. 20, 9.—
III In indirect discourse: quis sim, ex eo quem ad te misi, cognosces, Sall. C. 44, 5: rogitat quis vir esset, Liv. 1, 7, 9: videbis, quid et quo modo, Cic. Att. 11, 21, 1: quis quem, who ... whom? who ... the other? considera, quis quem fraudasse dicatur, who is said to have defrauded whom? id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21: quos autem numeros cum quibus misceri oporteat, nunc dicendum est, what ... with what? id. Or. 58, 196: notatum in sermone, quid quo modo caderet, Quint. 1, 6, 16. — Quid with gen.: exponam vobis breviter, quid hominis sit, what sort of a man he is, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134: sciturum, quid ejus sit, what there is in it, how much of it may be true, id. Att. 16, 4, 3.— Rarely for uter, which of two, whether: incerti quae pars sequenda esset, Liv. 21, 39, 6: proelia de occupando ponte crebra erant, nec qui potirentur, satis discerni poterat, id. 7, 9, 7: ut dii legerent, qui nomen novae urbi daret, id. 1, 6, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; id. 1, 24, 3; 9, 45, 8; 10, 12, 5; cf.: validior per Germaniam exercitus, propior aput Pannoniam; quos igitur anteferret? Tac. A. 1, 47.
quis: quid,
I pron. indef.
I As subst.
   A Alone, any one, any body, any thing; some one, somebody, something: aperite, heus! Simoni me adesse, quis nunciate, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 37: simplicior quis, et est, etc., Hor. S. 1, 3, 63: quantum quis damni professus erat, Tac. A. 2, 26: quanto quis clarior, id. H. 3, 58: injuriam cui facere, Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71.—
   B In connection with si, ne, nisi, cum: si te in judicium quis adducat, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35: ne cui falso assentiamur, id. Fin. 3, 21, 72: si tecum agas quid, id. Off. 1, 2, 4: si quid in te peccavi ignosce, id. Att. 3, 15, 4: si quis quid de re publicā rumore acceperit, Caes. B. G. 6, 20: si quo usui esse posset, Liv. 40, 26, 8: ne quid nimis, Ter. And. 1, 1, 34: nisi quid existimas, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2: neve quis invitam cogeret esse suam, Prop. 1, 3, 30: cum quid, Col. 4, 25.—
II As adj.: jam quis forsitan hostis Haesura in nostro tela gerit latere, Tib. 1, 10, 13.
quīs: for quibus, v. quis and qui.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) quĭs,² quĭd [v. ce mot] :
1 pron. interrog. [direct et indir.], qui : a) [subst.] quis clarior in Græcia Themistocle ? Cic. Læl. 42, qui en Grèce fut plus illustre que Thémistocle ? quis illæc est mulier ? Pl. Epid. 533, qui est cette femme-là ? cf. Aul. 168 ; Pers. 200 ; quis erit quin malit... ? Cic. Amer. 34, y aura-t-il qqn pour ne pas aimer mieux... ? || considera quis quem fraudasse dicatur Cic. Com. 21, [en parl. de deux] examine lequel a trompé, suivant ce qu’on dit, et lequel a été trompé ; quis sim, cognosces Sall. C. 44, 5, tu apprendras qui je suis, mon nom, cf. Cic. Cat. 3, 12 || qqf. exclamatif : Cic. Tusc. 1, 97 || b) adj., quis senator...? Cic. Cat. 2, 12, quel sénateur...? rogitat, quis vir esset Liv. 1, 7, 9, il demande qui il est
2 pron. indéfini, quelqu’un : a) dixerit quis Cic. Off. 3, 76, dirait qqn ; filiam quis habet Cic. Par. 44, qqn a une fille [hypothèse], cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 35 ; Off. 3, 110 ; b) après si, nisi, ne, cum, num : Cic. Phil. 2, 35 ; Clu. 96 ; ne quis vir clarus... videatur Cic. Prov. 39, pour éviter que quelque homme illustre ne paraisse... ; cum quis Cic. Prov. 5 ; etiamsi quis Cic. Nat. 3, 90 ; num quis... ? Cic. Nat. 3, 87, est-ce que qqn... ? sive quis deus Cic. CM 40, soit qq. dieu ; sive alius quis Cic. de Or. 2, 357, soit qq. autre
3 relatif, généralement indéterminé : nimis homo nihilist, quis piger est Pl. Rud. 920, il est par trop un homme de rien, celui qui est paresseux : dominus vino quid volet faciet Cato Agr. 148, 1, le maître fera de son vin ce qu’il voudra ; qui placebunt aut custodi aut quis... emerit Cato Agr. 145, 1, qui plairont ou au surveillant ou à celui qui aura acheté ; v. Gaffiot, 1930, p. 163. nom. pl. arch. ques Pacuv. 221 ; S. C. Bac. ; pl. n. qua Inscr. ; gén. quium Cat. d. Serv. En. 1, 95.
(2) quīs, dat.-abl. pl. arch. de qui, v. qui.