πυγμή
English (LSJ)
ἡ, (πύξ)
A fist, Hp.Art.71, E.IT1368; τῇ π. θενών Ar.V. 1384; πυγμῇ πατάξαι LXX Ex.21.18, cf. Is.58.4.
2 boxing, as an athletic contest, πυγμῇ νικήσαντα Il.23.669; πυγμὴν νικᾶν E.Alc.1031; ἄνδρας πυγμὰν ἐνίκα Ὀλύμπια AP6.256 (Antip.); πυγμᾶς ἄποινα Pi. O.7.16, cf. 10(11).67; πυγμὴν or τὴν πυγμὴν ἀσκεῖν, Pl.Lg.795b, D.61.24; freq. in Inscrr., e.g. πυγμὴν Ζωΐλος (sc. ἐνίκησε) IG7.1765 (Thespiae), etc.
b generally, fight, πυγμὴ μονομάχων καὶ θηρίων Edict.Caes. ap. J.AJ14.10.6, cf. Artem.5.58; εἰς πυγμὴν καθίστασθαι, εἰς πυγμὴν τρέπεσθαι, of partridges, Gp.14.20.1,2.
3 in Ev.Marc.7.3, πυγμῇ νίψασθαι is interpr. diligently (v.l. πυκνά, often).
II a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles = 18 δάκτυλοι, Thphr. HP 9.11.5, Poll.2.147,158.
German (Pape)
[Seite 813] ἡ, 1) die Faust; πυγμῇ νικήσαντα, Il. 23, 669, der im Faustkampfe gesiegt hat; vgl. Pind. Ol. 7, 16. 11, 67; πυγμὴν νικᾶν, Eur. Alc. 1034 I. T. 1368; Ar. Vesp. 1384; πυγμὴν ἠσκηκώς, Plat. Legg. VII, 795 b; Pol. 30, 13, 10; Luc. gymn. 8. – 2) ein Längenmaaß, die Weite von der Spitze des Ellenbogens bis zur zusammengeballten Faust, 18 δακτύλους enthaltend.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ῆς (ἡ) :
1 poing;
2 lutte à coups de poing, pugilat ; πυγμῇ νικᾶν IL ou πυγμὴν νικᾶν EUR vaincre au pugilat;
3 mesure att. valant 1 pied et 2 doigts.
Étymologie: πύξ, cf. lat. pugnus.
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
πυγμή -ῆς, ἡ, Dor. πυγμά [~ πύξ] vuist. vuistgevecht:. πυγμῇ νικᾶν overwinnaar zijn in het boksen Il. 23.669 = πυγμὴν νικᾶν Eur. Alc. 1031.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
πυγμή: дор. πυγμά ἡ
1 кулак Eur., Arph.: πυγμῇ νίψασθαι τὰς χεῖρας NT тщательно вымыть руки;
2 кулачный бой: πυγμῇ Hom. (πυγμὴν Eur., Anth.) νικᾶν побеждать в кулачном бою; πυγμὴν ἠσκηκώς Plat. искушенный в кулачном бою.
English (Autenrieth)
(πύξ, cf. pugnus): fist, then boxing, boxing-match, Il. 23.669†.
English (Strong)
from a primary pux (the fist as a weapon); the clenched hand, i.e. (only in dative case as adverb) with the fist (hard scrubbing): oft.
English (Thayer)
πυγμης, ἡ (πύξ, from ΠΥΚΩ, Latin pungo, pupugi (pugnus; O. H. G. 'fust', English 'fist'; cf. Curtius, § 384)), from Homer down, the Sept. for אֶנְרוף (the fist: πυγμή νίπτεσθαι τάς χεῖρας, to wash the hands with the fist, i. e. so that one hand is rubbed with the clenched fist of the other (R. V. marginal reading (after Theoph., others) up to the elbow; but cf. Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, 2:11), Tdf. πυκνά, see πυκνός). (Cf. James Morison's Commentary at the passage.)
Greek Monolingual
η, ΝΜΑ, και δωρ. τ. πυγμά, Α
το άκρο του χεριού με τα δάχτυλα κλειστά προς τα μέσα, γροθιά
νεοελλ.
ισχύς, δύναμη, επιβολή («έδειξε πυγμή στην αντιμετώπιση τών προκλήσεων»)
αρχ.
1. η πυγμαχία
2. πάλη, αγώνας
3. μέτρο μήκους, από τον αγκώνα ώς την αρχή τών δακτύλων.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Βλ. λ. πύξ].
Greek Monotonic
πυγμή: ἡ (πύξ),
I. 1. πυγμή, γροθιά, Λατ. pugnus, πυγμῇ νικήσαντα, έχω επικρατήσει με την πυγμή, στην πυγμαχία, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· μεταγεν., πυγμὴν νικᾶν, σε Ευρ.· πυγμᾶς ἄεθλα, σε Πίνδ.
2. πυγμῇ νίψασθαι, στην Κ.Δ., ερμηνεύεται = πύκα, επιμελώς· ή = πυκνά, συχνά, πρβλ. πυκνός Β. II. και III.
II. μονάδα μήκους, η απόσταση από τον αγκώνα μέχρι του σημείου που ξεκινούν τα δάχτυλα = 18 δάχτυλοι, περίπου 13 ½ ίντσες.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
πυγμή: ἡ, (πὺξ) γρόνθος, Λατ. pugnus, Ἱππ. π. Ἄρθρ. 833, Εὐρ. Ι. Τ. 1368· τῇ π. θανεῖν Ἀριστοφ. Σφ. 1384. 2) πυγμῇ νικήσαντα, νικήσαντα ἐν πυγμαχίᾳ, Ἰλ. Ψ. 669· ὡσαύτως, πυγμὴν νικᾶν Εὐρ. Ἄλκ. 1031· ἄνδρας πυγμὰν ἐνίκα Ὀλύμπια Ἀνθ. Π. 6. 256· πυγμᾶς ἄεθλα Πινδ. Ο. 7. 30, πρβλ. 10 (11). 82· πυγμὴν ἢ τὴν π. ἀσκεῖν Πλάτ. Νόμ. 795Β, Δημ. 1408. 16· συχν. ἐν Ἐπιγραφαῖς, οἷον πυγμὴν Ζώιλος (δηλ. ἐνίκησε) Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 1590, πρβλ. 1591b, 2214. 29, κ. ἀλλ.· πυγμῇ πατάσσειν Ἑβδ. (Ἔξοδ. ΚΑ΄, 18, πρβλ. Ἠσαΐ. ΝΗ΄, 4). 2) ἐν τῷ κατὰ Μάρκ. Εὐαγγελίῳ ζ΄, 3, πυγμῇ νίψασθαι ἑρμηνεύεται ἐπιμελῶς (ἢ «ἄχρι τοῦ ἀγκῶνος» Θεοφύλ.)· ἕτεροι λαμβάνουσι τὴν λέξιν ὡς = πυκινά, πυκνὰ (ἴδε πυκνὸς Β. ΙΙ), ἐὰν μὴ πυκνὰ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας Εὐαγγ. κ. Μάρκ. ἔνθ. ἀνωτ. κατὰ τὴν ἔκδ. C. Tischendorf. II. ὡς μέτρον μήκους, ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγκῶνος μέχρι τοῦ μέρους ἔνθα ἄρχονται οἱ δάκτυλοι ἀπόστασις, = 18 δάκτυλοι, ἢ 35 ἑκατοστὰ τοῦ μέτρου περίπου, Πολυδ. Β΄, 147, 158· πρβλ. πυγών.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: fist, fist-fight (Il.); as measure of length = the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, 18 δάκτυλοι (Thphr., Poll.).
Derivatives: πυγμαῖος as large as a π., dwarf-like (Hdt., Arist.), nom. pl. "the fistlings", n. of a fable-tale people of dwarves, which was diff. localised (Γ 6, Hecat. etc.); πυγμ-ικός belonging to fist-fight (An. Ox.). Shortname Πυγμᾶς m. (Chantraine Études 18). -- On Πυγμαλίων, prob. popular correction of a foreign word, s. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 136. -- πυγών, όνος m. measure of length = the distance from the elbow to the first finger-joint, 20 δάκτυλοι (Hdt., X.); from this πυγούσιος one π. long (κ 517 = λ 25, Arat.), prob. analog. (Risch 115); a *πυγοντ- (cf. Schwyzer 526) is not credible; regular πυγον-ιαῖος id. (Hp., Thphr. a.o.). -- πύκτης m. fist-fighter (Xenoph., Pi., Att.) with πυκτ-ικός belonging to fist-fight(ers), brave in fist-fight (Att.), -οσύνη f. skilfulness in fist-fight (Xenoph.; Wyss -σύνη 31), -εύω to be a fist-fighter, to have a fist-fight (Att., Boeot.) with -ευσις, -ευτής (Gloss.), -εῖον (Suid.); also with analog. λ-enlargement -αλεύω (Sophr.), -αλίζω (Anacr.) id.. -- πύξ adv. with the fist, in a fist-fight (esp. ep. poet. Il.); from it πυγ-μάχος m. fist-fighter, -μαχέω, -μαχία, -ίη (ep. poet. Hom.), univerbation from πὺξ μάχεσθαι; cf. Georgacas Glotta 36, 180.
Origin: IE [Indo-European](X) [828] *puḱ-, puǵ- sting
Etymology: The above words are all built on an element πυγ-, which function may have been both verbal or nominal. To πυγ-μή cf. in the first instance primary formations like παλάμη (s.v.), στιγ-μή, δραχ-μή, but also the ambivalente ἀκ-μή and he purely nominal ἅλ-μη. Of πυγ-ών remind ἀγκ-ών, λαγ-ών, the first perhaps verbal, the last prob. nominal (s. on λαγαίω). Also πύκ-της can be taken both primary and secondarily; for πύξ nominal origin seems most probable (s. Schwyzer 620); cf. still πύξ πυγμή H. -- A corresponding l-deriv. is seen in Lat. pug-il m. fistfighter, an n-formation in pug-nus m. fist (to which pugnāre, pugna; to be connected formally with πυγ-ών?). So we arrive at a Lat.-Gr. pug- fist. By Fick, Walde a.o. (s. Bq, WP. 2, 15 and W.-Hofmann s. pugil) this group is further connected with pu-n-g-ō, pu-pug-ī sting, for which we would have to assume a specialisation of sting to sting with clenched fist and knuckles stretched out forward = 'box'; so pug- fist as suffixless nom. ag. prop. * "the stinger, the boxer"? The (orig.) meaning sting can still be seen in Lat. pūgiō dagger, thus, with final tenuis, in πεύκη a. cogn. (s.v.). -- An original meaning sting is rather surprising but Lat. pugio seems a good argument; πεύκη may be unrelated.
Middle Liddell
πυγμή, ἡ, [πύξ]
I. a fist, Lat. pugnus, πυγμῇ νικήσαντα having conquered with the fist, in boxing, Il.; later, πυγμὴν νικᾶν Eur.; πυγμᾶς ἄεθλα Pind.
2. πυγμῇ νίψασθαι in NTest., is interpr. = πύκα, diligently; or = πυκνά, often, with; cf. πυκνός B. II. and III.
II. a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, = 18 δάκτυλοι, about 13 ½ inches.
Frisk Etymology German
πυγμή: {pugmḗ}
Grammar: f.
Meaning: Faust, Faustkampf (seit Il.); als Längenmaß = die Weite vom Ellbogen bis zu den Knöcheln, 18 δάκτυλοι (Thphr., Poll.).
Derivative: Davon πυγμαῖος ‘groß wie eine π., zwerghaft’ (Hdt., Arist. u.a.), Nom. pl. "die Fäustlinge", N. eines fabelhaften Zwergvolkes, das verschieden lokalisiert wurde (Γ 6, Hekat. usw.); πυγμικός zum Faustkampf gehörig (An. Ox.). Kurzname Πυγμᾶς m. (Chantraine Études 18). — Zu Πυγμαλίων, wohl volksetymologische Zurechtlegung eines Fremdworts, s. Ruijgh L’élém. ach. 136. — πυγών, όνος m. Längenmaß = die Weite vom Ellbogen bis zum ersten Fingergelenk, 20 δάκτυλοι (Hdt., X. u.a.); davon πυγούσιος ‘einen π. lang’ (κ 517 = λ 25, Arat.), wohl analogisch (Risch 115); ein *πυγοντ- (vgl. Schwyzer 526) ist nicht glaubhaft; regelmäßig πυγονιαῖος ib. (Hp., Thphr. u.a.). — πύκτης m. Faustkämpfer (Xenoph., Pi., att.) mit πυκτικός ‘zum Faust- kämpfer (Faustka.mpf) gehörig, im Faustkampf tüchtig’ (att.), -οσύνη f. Geschicklichkeit im Faustkampf (Xenoph.; Wyss -σύνη 31), -εύω Faustkämpfer sein, den Faustkampf treiben (att., böot.) mit -ευσις, -ευτής (Gloss.), -εῖον (Suid.); auch mit analog. λ-Erweiterung -αλεύω (Sophr.), -αλίζω (Anakr.) ib..—πύξ Adv. fäustlings, im Faustkampf (vorw. ep. poet. seit Il.); davon πυγμάχος m. Faustkämpfer, -μαχέω, -μαχία, -ίη (ep. poet. seit Hom.), Univerbierung aus πὺξ μάχεσθαι; vgl. Georgacas Glotta 36, 180.
Etymology: Die obigen Wörter sind alle auf einem Element πυγ- gebaut, dessen Funktion sich sowohl verbal wie nominal auffassen läßt. Zu πυγμή vgl. in erster Linie primäre Bildungen wie παλάμη (s.d.), στιγμή, δραχμή, aber auch das ambivalente ἀκμή und das rein nominale ἅλμη. An πυγών erinnern ἀγκών, λαγών, ersteres vielleicht verbal, letzteres wohl nominal (s. zu λαγαίω). Auch πύκτης läßt sich sowohl primär wie sekundär auffassen; für πύξ liegt nominaler Ursprung am nächsten (s. Schwyzer 620); vgl. noch πύξ· πυγμή H. — Eine entsprechende l-Ableitung liegt in lat. pug-il m. Faustkämpfer vor, eine n- Bildung in pug-nus m. Faust (wozu pugnāre, pugna; mit πυγών bildungsmäßig zu verknüpfen?). Wir kommen somit zunächst auf ein lat. -gr. pug- Faust zurück. Von Fick, Walde u.a. (s. Bq, WP. 2, 15 und W.-Hofmann s. pugil) wird diese Gruppe weiter mit pu-n-g-ō, pu-pug-ī stechen verbunden, wobei eine Spezialisierung von stechen zu mit geballter Faust und vorgestrecktem Knöchel stechen =’boxen’ anzunehmen wäre; somit pug- Faust als suffixloses Nom. ag. eig. * "der Stecher, der Boxer"? Die (urspr.) Bed. stechen liegt noch vor in lat. pūgiō Dolch, ebenso, mit auslaut. Tenuis, in πεύκη u. Verw. (s.d.).
Page 2,619-620
Chinese
原文音譯：pugm» 匹格姆
詞類次數：名詞 副詞（1）
原文字根：拳
字義溯源：緊握拳頭，拳，拳頭，周到地，仔細；（用緊握的拳頭去擦另一手，表示仔細，而非做作。）。源自（πυνθάνομαι）X*=拳）
出現次數：總共（1）；可（1）
譯字彙編：
1） 仔細（1） 可7:3
Mantoulidis Etymological
(=γροθιά). Ἀπό τό ἐπίρρ. πύξ (=μέ τίς γροθιές), ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα.
Lexicon Thucydideum
Translations
fist
Adyghe: бжым; Albanian: grusht; Arabic: قَبْضَة; Egyptian Arabic: قبضة, بونية, بوكس; Moroccan Arabic: بونية; Armenian: բռունցք; Aromanian: bush, shub, pulmu, huftã, mãnatã; Asturian: puñu; Azerbaijani: yumruq; Bashkir: йоҙроҡ; Basque: ukabil; Belarusian: кулак; Bengali: মুষ্টি, কিল; Bouyei: jianz; Bulgarian: юмрук; Burmese: လက်သီး; Catalan: puny; Chechen: буй; Cherokee: ᏍᏇᏅᎢ; Chinese Cantonese: 拳頭, 拳头; Dungan: чуйту; Hakka: 拳頭, 拳头, 拳頭嫲, 拳头嫲; Mandarin: 拳頭, 拳头; Min Dong: 拳頭母, 拳头母; Min Nan: 拳頭母, 拳头母, 拳頭, 拳头; Wu: 拳頭, 拳头; Chuvash: чышка, чӑмӑр; Classical Nahuatl: māolōlli; Coptic: ϧⲟⲣⲡⲥ, ϭⲁϫⲙⲏ; Corsican: pugno; Crimean Tatar: yumrıq, yumruq; Czech: pěst; Danish: næve, knytnæve; Dolgan: һутурук; Dutch: vuist; Elfdalian: knåitnevi; Esperanto: pugno; Estonian: rusikas; Finnish: nyrkki, koura; French: poing; Galician: puño; Georgian: მუშტი, მუჭი, მჯიღი; German: Faust; Greek: γροθιά; Ancient Greek: πυγμή; Greenlandic: assak, assak eqeruloorsimasoq; Gujarati: મૂક્કો; Hebrew: אֶגרוֹף; Hindi: मुट्ठी; Hungarian: ököl; Hunsrik: Faust; Icelandic: hnefi, kreppt hönd; Ido: pugno; Indonesian: tinju; Irish: dorn; Istriot: poûgno; Italian: pugno; Japanese: 拳; Kalasha: موُشؕٹی; Kalmyk: нудрм; Kannada: ಮುಷ್ಟಿ; Karachay-Balkar: джумдурукъ; Kazakh: жұдырық; Khakas: мунзурух, нузурух; Korean: 주먹; Kumyk: юмурукъ; Kurdish Central Kurdish: مست; Northern Kurdish: mişt; Kyrgyz: муштум, жудурук; Lao: ໝັດ, ເງຶ້ອມມື, ມຸດຖິ, ກຳປ້ັນ; Latgalian: dyure; Latin: pugnus; Latvian: dūre; Laz: mcixi; Lithuanian: kumštis; Luxembourgish: Fauscht; Macedonian: тупаница; Malay: penumbuk, buku lima, tinju; Malayalam: മുഷ്ടി; Maltese: ponn; Manchu: ᠨ᠋ᡠᠵᠠᠨ; Mazanderani: میس; Meru: nkundi; Mongolian Cyrillic: нударга; Mongolian: ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠ; Neapolitan: punio; Nogai: юмырык; Northern Sami: čorbma; Norwegian Bokmål: knyttneve; Nynorsk: knyttneve; Occitan: ponh, punh; Oriya: ମୁଥ; Ossetian: тымбылкъух, мустучъи; Ottoman Turkish: یمرق; Pashto: سوک, ګورمټ; Persian: مشت; Polish: pięść; Portuguese: punho; Romanian: pumn; Romansch: pugn, puogn; Russian: кулак; Samogitian: komstės; Sanskrit: मुष्टि; Scottish Gaelic: dòrn; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: пѐсница; Roman: pèsnica; Shor: музуруқ; Sindhi: مک; Sinhalese: හස්තය; Slovak: päsť; Slovene: pest; Sorbian Upper Sorbian: pjasć; Southern Altai: јудрук; Spanish: puño; Swahili: ngumi; Swedish: knytnäve; Tajik: мушт; Tamil: முஷ்டி; Tatar: йомрык,йодрык; Telugu: ముష్టి, పిడికిలి; Thai: กำปั้น, หมัด; Tibetan: མུར་རྫོག, མཛོག་རུམ; Tocharian B: maśce; Tofa: нюдуруӄ; Turkish: yumruk; Turkmen: ýumruk; Tuvan: чудурук; Udmurt: мыжык, кимыж; Ukrainian: кулак; Urdu: مٹھی; Urum: йудрух,йумрух, йумурух; Uyghur: مۇشت; Uzbek: musht; Venetian: pugno; Vietnamese: quyền, nắm đấm, nắm tay; Volapük: pun; Walloon: pougn; Welsh: dwrn; West Frisian: knûst; Yakut: сутурух, сутурук; Yiddish: פֿויסט; Zhuang: gaemxgienz, gienz
boxing
Afrikaans: boks; Albanian: boks; Arabic: مُلَاكَمَة; Hijazi Arabic: ملاكمة; Armenian: բոքս, բռնցքամարտ; Asturian: boxéu; Azerbaijani: boks; Bashkir: бокс; Belarusian: бокс; Bengali: বক্সিং; Bulgarian: бокс; Burmese: လက်ဝှေ့; Catalan: boxa; Chinese Mandarin: 拳擊 拳击; Czech: box; Danish: boksning; Dutch: boksen, bokswedstrijd; Esperanto: boksado; Estonian: poks; Finnish: nyrkkeily; French: boxe; Galician: boxeo; Georgian: კრივი; German: Boxen; Greek: πυγμαχία, μποξ; Ancient Greek: πυγμαχία, πυγμαχίη, πυγμή, πυκτική, πύκτευσις; Haitian Creole: boksè; Hebrew: אִגְרוּף; Hindi: बॉक्सिंग; Hungarian: ökölvívás; Icelandic: hnefaleikar, box; Ido: boxo; Indonesian: tinju; Irish: dornálaíocht; Italian: boxe, pugilato; Japanese: ボクシング, 拳闘; Kazakh: бокс; Korean: 권투, 복싱; Kyrgyz: бокс; Latin: pugilatus, pugilatio; Latvian: bokss; Lithuanian: boksas; Luhya: endondi; Macedonian: бокс; Malay: boksing, tinju; Maori: mekemeke; Mongolian: бокс; Norwegian: boksing; Occitan: bòxa; Ojibwe: gagwedaganaanding; Persian: بوکس; Polish: boks; Portuguese: boxe; Romanian: box; Russian: бокс; Scottish Gaelic: dòrnaireachd; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: бокс; Roman: boks; Sinhalese: බොක්සිං; Slovak: box; Slovene: boks; Spanish: boxeo, pugilato; Swahili: ndondi; Swedish: boxning; Tagalog: boksing; Tajik: бокс; Tatar: бокс; Telugu: ముష్టియుద్ధము; Thai: มวยสากล; Turkish: boks, yumrukoyunu, mülakeme, kunt; Turkmen: boks; Ukrainian: бокс; Urdu: مکے بازی; Uzbek: boks; Vietnamese: quyền Anh, quyền thuật