ἰός: Difference between revisions
πολλὰ μεταξὺ πέλει κύλικος καὶ χείλεος ἄκρου → there is many a slip twixt cup and lip, there's many a slip twixt cup and lip, there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip, there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip, there's many a slip 'twixt the cup and the lip
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|Transliteration C=ios | |Transliteration C=ios | ||
|Beta Code=i)o/s | |Beta Code=i)o/s | ||
|Definition=(A) [ | |Definition=(A) [ῑ], ὁ, pl. [[ἰοί]], heterocl. ἰά Il.20.68 (Cypr., acc. to ''AB''1095):— [[arrow]], ἰὸν ἕηκε Il.1.48; βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ 8.514, cf. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''461; ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν S.''Tr.''567. (Cf. Skt. íṣ '[[arrow]]'.)<br /><br />(B) [ῑ], ὁ, [[poison]], as of [[serpent]]s, A.''Eu.''478, S.''Tr.''771, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''1015, Plu.2.562c, etc.; [[venom]] of a [[mad]] [[dog]], Ruf.''Fr.''118; <b class="b3">ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν</b>, of [[honey]] with which [[snake]]s fed [[Iamos]], Pi.''O.''6.47: metaph., of [[envy]], A.''Ag.''834. (Cf. Skt. viṣám '[[poison]]', Lat. [[virus]].) <br /><br />(C) [ῑ], ὁ, [[rust]] on [[iron]], or [[verdigris]] on [[copper]] and [[bronze]], Sapph.141 (dub.), Thgn.451, Pl.''R.''609a, ''Ti.''59c, Theoc.16.17; ἰὸς σιδήρου Dsc.5.80; ἰὸς χαλκοῦ Hp.''Mul.''1.75, Dsc.5.79, Gal.12.218; [[patina]] on [[bronze]] [[statue]]s, ὅπως καθαρὸς ἰοῦ ἔσται ὁ [[ἀνδριάς]] ''SIG''284.15 (Chios, iv B.C.), cf. Plu.2.395b. (Perh. identical with ἰός B.) <br /><br />(D), ὁ, = [[υἱός]], BICS suppl. 10.34, SEG23.640 (both Cyprus, iv b.c.)<br /><br />(E) [ῐ], ἴᾰ, ἰόν, [[one]], commonest in fem. (v. [[εἷς]]): neut. ἰῷ κίον ἤματι Il.6.422: masc. dat. [[ἰῷ]], = [[ἐκείνῳ]], ''Leg.Gort.''8.8; but, = [[ἑνί]], ib.7.23; acc., [[τόν γ' ἰὸν ἐνιαυτόν]] = the [[same]] [[year]], ''IG''5(1).1390.126 (Andania, i B.C.); [[ἰός]], = [[μόνος]], acc. to Trypho ap.A.D.''Pron.''56.4.<br /><br />(F) Boeot. for [[ἑός]] (q.v.). | ||
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{{bailly | |||
|btext=<span class="bld">1</span>ἰοῦ (ὁ) :<br /><i>plur. irrég.</i> [[ἰά]];<br />[[trait]], [[javelot]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' cf. <i>skr.</i> [[ishus]], [[flèche]].<br /><span class="bld">2</span>ἰοῦ (ὁ) :<br /><b>1</b> [[venin]];<br /><b>2</b> rouille du fer, <i>ou</i> du cuivre, <i>càd</i> vert-de-gris.<br />'''Étymologie:''' p. *Ϝιός, cf. <i>lat.</i> [[virus]]. | |||
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{{pape | |||
|ptext=<b class="num">1</b> ὁ ([[ἵημι]] ?), <i>das [[Geworfene]], [[Geschoffene]], der [[Pfeil]]</i>; ἰὸν [[ἕηκε]] <i>Il</i>. 1.48; [[βλήμενος]] ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ 8.514; [[χαλκήρης]] <i>Od</i>. 1.262, [[ταχύς]], [[πτερόεις]] und ä., mit einem heterogenen plur. ἰά, <i>Il</i>. 20.68; βαλὼν ἰῷ ἀπὸ νευρῆς Hes. <i>Sc</i>. 409; Tragg., Aesch. <i>Pers</i>. 453, Soph. <i>Phil</i>. 166, Eur. <i>I.T</i>. 1378.<br /><b class="num">2</b> ὁ, <b class="num">1</b> <i>das Gift, das die giftigen [[Tiere]] von sich [[geben]]</i>; ἐχίδνης Soph. <i>Tr</i>. 768; δρακόντων Eur. <i>Ion</i> 1015 und A.; übertragen, [[δύσφρων]] γὰρ ἰὸς καρδίαν προσήμενος Aesch. <i>Ag</i>. 808; ἰὸς ἐκ φρονημάτων πέδῳ πεσών <i>Eum</i>. 478; τοῦτο τὸ [[ψεῦδος]] ἰὸν [[ἔχει]], νέμεται τὴν ψυχήν Plut. <i>[[superstit]]</i>. 1. – Pind. nennt <i>Ol</i>. 6.47 den [[Honig]] ἀμεμφὴς ἰὸς μελισσᾶν.<br><b class="num">2</b> <i>der Rost</i> (den [[Metalle]] [[ausschwitzen]]); an [[Eisen]], Theogn. 451 Plat. <i>Tim</i>. 59c, <i>Rep</i>. X.609a; an [[Kupfer]], <i>[[Grünspan]]</i>, Theophr. und Sp. | |||
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{{elru | |||
|elrutext='''ἰός:'''<br /><b class="num">I</b> (ῑ) ὁ (эп. pl. тж. ἰά) дротик, преимущ. стрела ([[χαλκήρης]], [[πτερόεις]] Hom.; ἀπὸ θώμιγγος ἰοὶ προσπίτνοντες Aesch.; πτηνοῖς ἰοῖς θηροβολεῖν Soph.; εἴργειν τινὰ ἰοῖς Eur.).<br /><b class="num">II</b> (ῑ) ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[яд]] (ἐχιδνης Soph.; δρακόντων Eur.; ἐνίων θηρίων Plut.; [[θανατηφόρος]] NT);<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[сок]]: ἰ. μελισσῶν Pind. пчелиный сок, т. е. мед.<br /><b class="num">III</b> (ῑ) ὁ [[ржавчина]] (χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου Plat.; ἰοῦ [[χρῶμα]] Arst.; χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου NT). | |||
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{{ls | {{ls | ||
|lstext='''ἰός''': ῑ, ὁ, πληθ. ἰοί, ἀλλ’ [[ὡσαύτως]] ἑτερογεν. ἰά, Ἰλ. Υ. 68: ― [[βέλος]], ἰὸν ἔηκε Ἰλ. Α. 48˙ [[βλήμενος]] ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ Θ. 514˙ οὕτω παρὰ Τραγ., Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 461˙ ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν, ἔρριψε πτερωτὸν [[βέλος]], Σοφ. Τρ. 567. ΙΙ. [[σκωρία]], ἰδίως ἡ τοῦ σιδήρου ἢ τοῦ χαλκοῦ, Λατ. ferrugo, aerugo, Θέογν. 451, Πλάτ. Πολ. 609Α, Τίμ. 59C, Θεόκρ. 16. 17. 2) δηλητήριον, [[οἷον]] τὸ τῶν ὄφεων, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 834, Εὐμ. 478, Σοφ. Τρ. 771, Εὐρ. Ἴων 1015, Πλούτ. 2. 562C, κλ.˙ ὁ Πίνδ. περὶ μέλιτος λέγει, ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν, ἀλλ’ ἀναφορικῶς πρὸς τοὺς δράκοντας τοὺς θρέψαντας τὸν Ἴαμον, Ο. 6. 79. (Αἱ δύο λέξεις παράγονται ἐκ διαφόρων ῥιζῶν˙ ἡ πρώτη αὐτῶν [[εἶναι]] = τῷ Σανσκρ. ishus ([[βέλος]]), ἡ δὲ δευτέρα = τῷ Σανσκρ. vishas, visham, Λατ. vi-rus, δηλητήριον.) | |lstext='''ἰός''': ῑ, ὁ, πληθ. ἰοί, ἀλλ’ [[ὡσαύτως]] ἑτερογεν. ἰά, Ἰλ. Υ. 68: ― [[βέλος]], ἰὸν ἔηκε Ἰλ. Α. 48˙ [[βλήμενος]] ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ Θ. 514˙ οὕτω παρὰ Τραγ., Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 461˙ ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν, ἔρριψε πτερωτὸν [[βέλος]], Σοφ. Τρ. 567. ΙΙ. [[σκωρία]], ἰδίως ἡ τοῦ σιδήρου ἢ τοῦ χαλκοῦ, Λατ. ferrugo, aerugo, Θέογν. 451, Πλάτ. Πολ. 609Α, Τίμ. 59C, Θεόκρ. 16. 17. 2) δηλητήριον, [[οἷον]] τὸ τῶν ὄφεων, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 834, Εὐμ. 478, Σοφ. Τρ. 771, Εὐρ. Ἴων 1015, Πλούτ. 2. 562C, κλ.˙ ὁ Πίνδ. περὶ μέλιτος λέγει, ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν, ἀλλ’ ἀναφορικῶς πρὸς τοὺς δράκοντας τοὺς θρέψαντας τὸν Ἴαμον, Ο. 6. 79. (Αἱ δύο λέξεις παράγονται ἐκ διαφόρων ῥιζῶν˙ ἡ πρώτη αὐτῶν [[εἶναι]] = τῷ Σανσκρ. ishus ([[βέλος]]), ἡ δὲ δευτέρα = τῷ Σανσκρ. vishas, visham, Λατ. vi-rus, δηλητήριον.) | ||
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{{Slater | {{Slater | ||
|sltr=<b>ῑός | |sltr=<b>ῑός</b> [[venom]] met. [[δύο]] δὲ γλαυκῶπες αὐτὸν δαιμόνων βουλαῖσιν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες ἀμεμφεῖ ἰῷ μελισσᾶν καδόμενοι i. e. [[honey]] (O. 6.47) | ||
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{{eles | {{eles | ||
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{{Thayer | {{Thayer | ||
|txtha=ἰοῦ, ὁ (on its [[very]] [[uncertain]] [[derivation]] [[see]] Kreussler in Passow, [[under]] the [[word]]; [[Curtius]], § 591; (Vanicek, p. 969));<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[poison]] (of animals): [[ἰός]] ἀσπίδων [[ὑπό]] τά χείλη αὐτῶν, the [[poison]] of asps is [[under]] [[their]] lips, [[spoken]] of men given to [[reviling]] and calumniating and thereby injuring others, [[γλῶσσα]]) μεστή ἰοῦ θανατηφόρου, [[Pindar]] | |txtha=ἰοῦ, ὁ (on its [[very]] [[uncertain]] [[derivation]] [[see]] Kreussler in Passow, [[under]] the [[word]]; [[Curtius]], § 591; (Vanicek, p. 969));<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[poison]] (of animals): [[ἰός]] ἀσπίδων [[ὑπό]] τά χείλη αὐτῶν, the [[poison]] of asps is [[under]] [[their]] lips, [[spoken]] of men given to [[reviling]] and calumniating and thereby injuring others, [[γλῶσσα]]) μεστή ἰοῦ θανατηφόρου, [[Pindar]] down).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[rust]]: Jeremiah 12,24); [[Theognis]], Theocritus, [[Plato]], Theophrastus, [[Polybius]], Lucian, others). | ||
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{{lsm | {{lsm | ||
|lsmtext='''ἰός:''' [ῑ], ὁ, πληθ. <i>ἰοί</i>, επίσης <i>ἰά</i>·<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[βέλος]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Τραγ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> [[σκουριά]], [[ιδίως]] του σιδήρου ή του χαλκού, σε Θέογν., Πλάτ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[δηλητήριο]], λέγεται για τα φίδια, σε Τραγ. | |lsmtext='''ἰός:''' [ῑ], ὁ, πληθ. <i>ἰοί</i>, επίσης <i>ἰά</i>·<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[βέλος]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Τραγ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> [[σκουριά]], [[ιδίως]] του σιδήρου ή του χαλκού, σε Θέογν., Πλάτ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[δηλητήριο]], λέγεται για τα φίδια, σε Τραγ. | ||
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{{ | {{etym | ||
| | |etymtx=1. Meaning: [[one and the same]]<br />See also: s. [[ἴα]].<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[arrow]] (Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 67).<br />Other forms: pl. [[ἰοί]], also [[ἰά]] (Υ 68; on the change of genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 37)<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἰο-δόκος</b> [[receiving arrows]] ([[φαρέτρη]] Hom.), <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[quiver]] (A. R.); on <b class="b3">ἰο-χέαιρα</b> s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [301] <b class="b2">*isu-</b> [[arrow]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">*ἰσϜ-ο-</b> and except for the thematic vowel (Schwyzer 472) identical with Skt. <b class="b2">íṣu-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">išu-</b> [[arrow]] (Curtius 402; further lit. in Bq). Meier-Brügger, MSS 49 (19880 75-77, takes <b class="b3">ι᾽ά</b> as ntr. pl. from <b class="b3">*ιhυ</b>, and [[ἰός]] as a sec. sg. derived from it.<br />3.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[poison]] (Pi., trag., Plu.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἰο-βόρος</b> [[poison eating]] (Nic., Opp.);<br />Derivatives: [[ἰώδης]] [[poisonous]] (Rom. empire).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1134] <b class="b2">*uiso-</b> or <b class="b2">*uiso-</b>, <b class="b2">*uiHso-</b>? [[fluidity]], [[slime]], [[poison]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[poison]], often replaced by euphemistic expressions ([[φάρμακον]], Lat. [[venēnum]], Germ. [[gift]], French [[poison]] etc.), but still present in the languages of the margin, i. e. Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic: Skt. <b class="b2">viṣá-</b> n., Av. <b class="b2">vīša-</b>, Lat. [[vīrus]] n. (genus sec.) = Irisch [[fī]], IE <b class="b2">*u̯īso-</b>; on the quantity cf. e. g. the cases in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Beside these thematic forms there is Av. <b class="b2">viš-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> and, with deviating meaning, Skt. <b class="b2">viṣ-</b> [[faeces]]. Thus Lat. [[vīrus]] also means [[tough fluidity]], [[slime]], [[sap]]; cf. also Welsh [[gwyar]] [[blood]] and 4. [[ἰός]]. As IE <b class="b2">*u̯īs(o</b>)- is prob. partly a tabuistic substitution, one considered connection with a verb, Skt. <b class="b2">veṣati</b> [[flow out]] (gramm.), with a Germ. river-name as [[Wisura]] [[Weser]], [[Vistula]] [[Weichsel]] (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.); however, these [[Old European]] river names of Krahe are in general pre-, i.e. non-IE. - Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. [[vīrus]].<br />4.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[rust]] on iron, [[verdigris]] on copper, bronze (Thgn., Hp., Pl., Theoc., SIG 284, 15 [Chios IVa]).<br />Derivatives: [[ἰώδης]] [[rust-coloured]] (Hp., Thphr.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Given the changing meaning of IE <b class="b2">*u̯īs(o</b>)- (s. on 3. [[ἰός]]) our word has been identified with it (Fick 23, 242). It could be due to different uses according to occupation; note, that [[ἰός]] [[rust]] as opposed to [[ἰός]] [[poison]] was used also in prose, what may point to a stilistic differentiation. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=ἰ¯ός, ὁ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[rust]], Theogn., Plat.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[poison]], as of serpents, Trag. <br />1<br />an [[arrow]], Il., Trag. | |||
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{{FriskDe | |||
|ftr='''ἰός''': 1.<br />{iós}<br />'''Meaning''': [[ein und derselbe]], [[der eine]]<br />'''See also''': s. [[ἴα]].<br />'''Page''' 1,730<br />2.<br />{īós}<br />'''Forms''': pl. ἰοί, auch ἰά (Υ 68; zum Genuswechsel Schwyzer-Debrunner 37 m. Lit.)<br />'''Grammar''': m.,<br />'''Meaning''': [[Pfeil]] (ep. poet. seit Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 67).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied z. B. in [[ἰοδόκος]] [[Pfeile aufnehmend]] ([[φαρέτρη]] Hom.), -η f. [[Köcher]] (A. R. u. a.); zu [[ἰοχέαιρα]] s. bes.<br />'''Etymology''' : Aus *ἰσϝο- und bis auf den erweiternden Themavokal (Schwyzer 472) mit aind. ''íṣu''-, aw. ''išu''- [[Pfeil]] identisch (Curtius 402; weitere Lit. bei Bq).<br />'''Page''' 1,730<br />3.<br />{īós}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Gift]] (Pi., Trag., auch Plu. u. a.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied z. B. in [[ἰοβόρος]] ‘(wie) Gift verzehrend’ (Nik., Opp.);<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitung [[ἰώδης]] [[giftig]] (Kaiserzeit).<br />'''Etymology''' : Altes Wort für [[Gift]], oft durch euphemistische Ausdrücke ersetzt ([[φάρμακον]], lat. ''venēnum'', germ. ''gift'', frz. ''poison'' usw.), aber noch in den Randsprachen, d. h. Indoiranischen und Italokeltischen vorhanden: aind. ''vĭṣá''- n., aw. ''vī̆ša''-, lat. ''vīrus'' n. (Genus sekundär) = irisch ''fī'', idg. *''u̯ī̆so''-; zum Quantitätswechsel vgl. z. B. die Fälle bei Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Neben diesen thematischen Formen steht im Indoiranischen das einsilbige aw. ''viš''- ib. und, mit abweichender Bedeutung, aind. ''viṣ''- [[faeces]]. Ähnlich bedeutet lat. ''vīrus'' auch [[zähe Flüssigkeit]], [[Schleim]], [[Saft]]; vgl. noch kymr. ''gwyar'' [[Blut]] und 4. [[ἰός]]. Da idg. *''u̯ī̆s''(''o'')- seinerseits wahrscheinlich eintabuistisches Ersatzwort ist, kommt weitere Beziehung zu einem Verb, aind. ''veṣati'' [[zerfließen]] (Gramm.; mehrdeutig ''véṣantīr'' als Beiwort der Ströme RV. 1, 181, 6), wozu u. a. germ. Flußnamen wie ''Wisura'' [[Weser]], ''Vistula'' [[Weichsel]] (zuletzt Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.), ernstlich in Betracht. — Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. ''vīrus''.<br />'''Page''' 1,730<br />4.<br />{īós}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Grünspan]], [[Rost]] (Thgn., Hp., Pl., Theok., Dsk., Plu., ''SIG'' 284, 15 [Chios IV<sup>a</sup>]).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon [[ἰώδης]] [[grünspanfarbig]], [[rostfarbig]] (Hp., Thphr., Kall. Hist., Dsk., Plu. u. a.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Angesichts der wechselnden Bedeutung von idg. *''u̯ī̆s''(''o'')- (s. zu 3. [[ἰός]]) liegt es unzweifelhaft am nächsten, mit Fick 2<sup>3</sup>, 242 ιός [[Grünspan]], [[Rost]] mit [[ἰός]] [[Gift]] zu identifizieren. Es kann sich dabei um berufsmäßige Verschiedenheiten des Sprachgebrauchs handeln; zu bemerken ist noch, daß [[ἰός]] [[Grünspan]], [[Rost]] im Gegensatz zu [[ἰός]] [[Gift]] seit alters auch in der Prosa benutzt wurde, was auch für eine stilistische Differenzierung spricht.<br />'''Page''' 1,730-731 | |||
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{{Chinese | |||
|sngr='''原文音譯''':„Òj 衣哦士<br />'''詞類次數''':名詞(3)<br />'''原文字根''':蛇的毒液<br />'''字義溯源''':銹*,毒,毒氣;或源自([[εἰμί]])X=行走*,去)。這字有二意義,二者都有擾害的作用:<br />1)銹,有侵蝕的能力<br />2)毒,有惡毒的能力<br />'''同源字''':1) ([[ἰός]])銹 2) ([[κατιόω]])生銹<br />'''出現次數''':總共(3);羅(1);雅(2)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 毒氣(2) 羅3:13; 雅3:8;<br />2) 銹(1) 雅5:3 | |||
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{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | |||
|woodrun=[[arrow]], [[poison]], [[rust]] | |||
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{{mantoulidis | |||
|mantxt=ὁ<br><b class="num">1</b> (=[[βέλος]]). Ἀπό τό [[εἶμι]] ἤ [[ἵημι]] (=[[ρίχνω]]).<br><b class="num">2</b> (=[[σκουριά]]),<br><b class="num">3</b> (=[[δηλητήριο]]). | |||
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{{elmes | |||
|esmgtx=ὁ [[veneno]] de un áspid καταδεσμεύω σε, ... τοῖς κέρασι τοῦ κριοῦ καὶ τῷ ἰῷ τῆς ἀσπίδος <b class="b3">te ato a los cuernos de un carnero y al veneno del áspid (en un hechizo) </b> SM 38 2 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{trml | ||
| | |trtx====[[poison]]=== | ||
Abkhaz: ашҳам; Acehnese: racôn, bisa; Adyghe: щынаут; Afrikaans: gif; Ainu: スㇽク; Albanian: helm, zeher; Amharic: መርዝ; Arabic: سُمّ; Moroccan Arabic: سَمّ; Armenian: թույն; Old Armenian: թոյն, ժահր; Aromanian: virin; Ashkun: ios; Assamese: বিহ; Asturian: venenu; Avar: загрьу; Azerbaijani: zəhər, ağı; Balinese: cetik; Bashkir: ағыу; Basque: pozoi; Belarusian: атрута; Bengali: বিষ, জহর; Bikol Central: hudong, hilo; Bouyei: iel; Breton: ampoezon; Bulgarian: отрова; Burmese: အဆိပ်; Catalan: verí, metzina; Cebuano: hilo; Chechen: дӏовш; Chinese Mandarin: 毒, 毒物, 毒藥/毒药; Chuvash: наркӑмӑш; Classical Nahuatl: tlapahhuilōni; Cornish: venym, poyson, gwenyn; Corsican: velenu; Crimean Tatar: zeer; Czech: jed; Danish: gift; Dhivehi: ވިހަ; Dutch: [[gif]], [[vergif]], [[vergift]]; Eastern Mari: яд, аяр; Elfdalian: djipt; Erzya: яд, куловтомка; Esperanto: veneno; Estonian: mürk; Faroese: gift, eitur; Finnish: myrkky; French: [[poison]]; Friulian: velen, tuessin; Gagauz: zihir; Galician: veleno, pezoña, pezoia; Georgian: შხამი, საწამლავი; German: [[Gift]], [[Giftstoff]]; Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌲𐌹𐍆; Greek: [[δηλητήριο]], [[φαρμάκι]]; Ancient Greek: [[δηλητήριον]], [[ἰός]]; Greenlandic: toqunartoq; Gujarati: ઝેર; Hebrew: רַעַל, סַם; Hindi: बिस, विष, ज़हर, हलाहल; Hungarian: méreg; Icelandic: eitur; Ido: toxiko, veneno; Indonesian: racun, bisa; Ingrian: jaadu, moru, myrkky; Interlingua: veneno, toxico; Irish: nimh; Istriot: vanen; Italian: [[veleno]]; Japanese: 毒; Javanese: wisa, racun; Jingpho: tuk, ntuk, ningtuk; Kamkata-viri: viš; Kannada: ನಂಜು, ವಿಷ; Karaim: ahu; Kashubian: trecézna; Kazakh: у, зәр; Khakas: оо; Khmer: ថ្នាំពុល; Komi-Permyak: яд; Kongo: misa; Korean: 독; Kunigami: 酔, 毒; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دەرمانخوارد, ژەھر; Northern Kurdish: jehr, jar; Kyrgyz: уу; Ladin: tuesse; Ladino: veneno, tosigo, intusedju; Lao: ຢາພິດ; Latin: [[venenum]], [[toxicum]]; Latvian: inde; Laz: ჩხამი; Lithuanian: nuodai; Livonian: vijā; Luxembourgish: Gëft; Macedonian: отров; Maguindanao: bisa; Malagasy: poizina; Malay: racun; Malayalam: വിഷം; Maltese: velenu, semm; Mansaka: gamot; Manx: pyshoon, nieu; Maori: huarua, paitini; Maranao: gamot; Marathi: विष; Minangkabau: racun; Mingrelian: შხამი, ჟღამი; Miyako: 酔, 毒; Mongolian: хор; Nanai: гу; Northern Sami: mirko; Norwegian: gift; Occitan: poison; Ojibwe: bichibowin; Okinawan: 毒; Old East Slavic: ядъ; Old English: ātor; Old Javanese: wisa; Oromo: summii; Ossetian: марг; Ottoman Turkish: اغو, زهر, سم, اوت; Pali: visa; Persian: زهر; Plautdietsch: Jeft; Polish: trucizna, jad inan; Portuguese: [[veneno]], [[tóxico]]; Prasuni: ūšu; Quechua: miyu; Rohingya: bic; Romagnol: vlén; Romanian: otravă, venin; Romansch: tissi, teissa, tössi; Russian: [[яд]], [[отрава]]; S'gaw Karen: စုၣ်; Saanich: T̸EXTEN; Sanskrit: विष; Scots: pushion; Scottish Gaelic: nimh, puinnsean; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: о̀тров; Roman: òtrov; Sherpa: དུག; Shor: оо; Sicilian: vilenu; Sinhalese: වස, විෂ, විස, වහ; Slovak: jed; Slovene: strup; Somali: sun; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: gad; Upper Sorbian: jěd; Southern Altai: корон, оо; Spanish: [[veneno]], [[ponzoña]]; Svan: შხა̈მ; Swahili: sumu; Swedish: gift; Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠡ; Tabasaran: зегьер; Tagalog: lason; Tajik: заҳр; Tamil: விடம்; Tangut: 𗀀; Taos: benę̀nuʼúne; Tatar: агу; Tausug: lachûn, bisa; Telugu: విషము; Thai: พิษ, ยาพิษ, ยาเบื่อ; Tibetan: དུག; Tocharian A: wäs; Tocharian B: wase; Turkish: zehir, ağı; Turkmen: zäher; Tuvan: оо; Udmurt: яд; Ukrainian: отрута, отруя; Urdu: زہر, ہلاہل; Uyghur: زەھەر; Uzbek: ogʻu, zahar; Venetian: tòssego; Vietnamese: chất độc, thuốc độc; Volapük: venen; Votic: jaadu; Waigali: viš; Walloon: pwezon; Welsh: gwenwyn; West Frisian: fergif; Yaeyama: 酔, 毒; Yakut: дьаат; Yiddish: סם, גיפֿט; Zhuang: doeg, yw; Zulu: isihlungu, ubuthi; ǃXóõ: ǁāã, sòo | |||
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Latest revision as of 09:36, 25 October 2024
English (LSJ)
(A) [ῑ], ὁ, pl. ἰοί, heterocl. ἰά Il.20.68 (Cypr., acc. to AB1095):— arrow, ἰὸν ἕηκε Il.1.48; βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ 8.514, cf. A.Pers.461; ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν S.Tr.567. (Cf. Skt. íṣ 'arrow'.)
(B) [ῑ], ὁ, poison, as of serpents, A.Eu.478, S.Tr.771, E.Ion1015, Plu.2.562c, etc.; venom of a mad dog, Ruf.Fr.118; ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν, of honey with which snakes fed Iamos, Pi.O.6.47: metaph., of envy, A.Ag.834. (Cf. Skt. viṣám 'poison', Lat. virus.)
(C) [ῑ], ὁ, rust on iron, or verdigris on copper and bronze, Sapph.141 (dub.), Thgn.451, Pl.R.609a, Ti.59c, Theoc.16.17; ἰὸς σιδήρου Dsc.5.80; ἰὸς χαλκοῦ Hp.Mul.1.75, Dsc.5.79, Gal.12.218; patina on bronze statues, ὅπως καθαρὸς ἰοῦ ἔσται ὁ ἀνδριάς SIG284.15 (Chios, iv B.C.), cf. Plu.2.395b. (Perh. identical with ἰός B.)
(D), ὁ, = υἱός, BICS suppl. 10.34, SEG23.640 (both Cyprus, iv b.c.)
(E) [ῐ], ἴᾰ, ἰόν, one, commonest in fem. (v. εἷς): neut. ἰῷ κίον ἤματι Il.6.422: masc. dat. ἰῷ, = ἐκείνῳ, Leg.Gort.8.8; but, = ἑνί, ib.7.23; acc., τόν γ' ἰὸν ἐνιαυτόν = the same year, IG5(1).1390.126 (Andania, i B.C.); ἰός, = μόνος, acc. to Trypho ap.A.D.Pron.56.4.
(F) Boeot. for ἑός (q.v.).
French (Bailly abrégé)
1ἰοῦ (ὁ) :
plur. irrég. ἰά;
trait, javelot.
Étymologie: cf. skr. ishus, flèche.
2ἰοῦ (ὁ) :
1 venin;
2 rouille du fer, ou du cuivre, càd vert-de-gris.
Étymologie: p. *Ϝιός, cf. lat. virus.
German (Pape)
1 ὁ (ἵημι ?), das Geworfene, Geschoffene, der Pfeil; ἰὸν ἕηκε Il. 1.48; βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ 8.514; χαλκήρης Od. 1.262, ταχύς, πτερόεις und ä., mit einem heterogenen plur. ἰά, Il. 20.68; βαλὼν ἰῷ ἀπὸ νευρῆς Hes. Sc. 409; Tragg., Aesch. Pers. 453, Soph. Phil. 166, Eur. I.T. 1378.
2 ὁ, 1 das Gift, das die giftigen Tiere von sich geben; ἐχίδνης Soph. Tr. 768; δρακόντων Eur. Ion 1015 und A.; übertragen, δύσφρων γὰρ ἰὸς καρδίαν προσήμενος Aesch. Ag. 808; ἰὸς ἐκ φρονημάτων πέδῳ πεσών Eum. 478; τοῦτο τὸ ψεῦδος ἰὸν ἔχει, νέμεται τὴν ψυχήν Plut. superstit. 1. – Pind. nennt Ol. 6.47 den Honig ἀμεμφὴς ἰὸς μελισσᾶν.
2 der Rost (den Metalle ausschwitzen); an Eisen, Theogn. 451 Plat. Tim. 59c, Rep. X.609a; an Kupfer, Grünspan, Theophr. und Sp.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἰός:
I (ῑ) ὁ (эп. pl. тж. ἰά) дротик, преимущ. стрела (χαλκήρης, πτερόεις Hom.; ἀπὸ θώμιγγος ἰοὶ προσπίτνοντες Aesch.; πτηνοῖς ἰοῖς θηροβολεῖν Soph.; εἴργειν τινὰ ἰοῖς Eur.).
II (ῑ) ὁ
1 яд (ἐχιδνης Soph.; δρακόντων Eur.; ἐνίων θηρίων Plut.; θανατηφόρος NT);
2 сок: ἰ. μελισσῶν Pind. пчелиный сок, т. е. мед.
III (ῑ) ὁ ржавчина (χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου Plat.; ἰοῦ χρῶμα Arst.; χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου NT).
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἰός: ῑ, ὁ, πληθ. ἰοί, ἀλλ’ ὡσαύτως ἑτερογεν. ἰά, Ἰλ. Υ. 68: ― βέλος, ἰὸν ἔηκε Ἰλ. Α. 48˙ βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ Θ. 514˙ οὕτω παρὰ Τραγ., Αἰσχύλ. Πέρσ. 461˙ ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν, ἔρριψε πτερωτὸν βέλος, Σοφ. Τρ. 567. ΙΙ. σκωρία, ἰδίως ἡ τοῦ σιδήρου ἢ τοῦ χαλκοῦ, Λατ. ferrugo, aerugo, Θέογν. 451, Πλάτ. Πολ. 609Α, Τίμ. 59C, Θεόκρ. 16. 17. 2) δηλητήριον, οἷον τὸ τῶν ὄφεων, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 834, Εὐμ. 478, Σοφ. Τρ. 771, Εὐρ. Ἴων 1015, Πλούτ. 2. 562C, κλ.˙ ὁ Πίνδ. περὶ μέλιτος λέγει, ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν, ἀλλ’ ἀναφορικῶς πρὸς τοὺς δράκοντας τοὺς θρέψαντας τὸν Ἴαμον, Ο. 6. 79. (Αἱ δύο λέξεις παράγονται ἐκ διαφόρων ῥιζῶν˙ ἡ πρώτη αὐτῶν εἶναι = τῷ Σανσκρ. ishus (βέλος), ἡ δὲ δευτέρα = τῷ Σανσκρ. vishas, visham, Λατ. vi-rus, δηλητήριον.)
English (Slater)
ῑός venom met. δύο δὲ γλαυκῶπες αὐτὸν δαιμόνων βουλαῖσιν ἐθρέψαντο δράκοντες ἀμεμφεῖ ἰῷ μελισσᾶν καδόμενοι i. e. honey (O. 6.47)
Spanish
English (Strong)
perhaps from eimi (to go) or hiemi (to send); rust (as if emitted by metals); also venom (as emitted by serpents): poison, rust.
English (Thayer)
ἰοῦ, ὁ (on its very uncertain derivation see Kreussler in Passow, under the word; Curtius, § 591; (Vanicek, p. 969));
1. poison (of animals): ἰός ἀσπίδων ὑπό τά χείλη αὐτῶν, the poison of asps is under their lips, spoken of men given to reviling and calumniating and thereby injuring others, γλῶσσα) μεστή ἰοῦ θανατηφόρου, Pindar down).
2. rust: Jeremiah 12,24); Theognis, Theocritus, Plato, Theophrastus, Polybius, Lucian, others).
Greek Monotonic
ἰός: [ῑ], ὁ, πληθ. ἰοί, επίσης ἰά·
I. βέλος, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Τραγ.
II. 1. σκουριά, ιδίως του σιδήρου ή του χαλκού, σε Θέογν., Πλάτ.
2. δηλητήριο, λέγεται για τα φίδια, σε Τραγ.
Frisk Etymological English
1. Meaning: one and the same
See also: s. ἴα.
2.
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: arrow (Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 67).
Other forms: pl. ἰοί, also ἰά (Υ 68; on the change of genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 37)
Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἰο-δόκος receiving arrows (φαρέτρη Hom.), -η f. quiver (A. R.); on ἰο-χέαιρα s. v.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [301] *isu- arrow
Etymology: From *ἰσϜ-ο- and except for the thematic vowel (Schwyzer 472) identical with Skt. íṣu-, Av. išu- arrow (Curtius 402; further lit. in Bq). Meier-Brügger, MSS 49 (19880 75-77, takes ι᾽ά as ntr. pl. from *ιhυ, and ἰός as a sec. sg. derived from it.
3.
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: poison (Pi., trag., Plu.).
Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἰο-βόρος poison eating (Nic., Opp.);
Derivatives: ἰώδης poisonous (Rom. empire).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1134] *uiso- or *uiso-, *uiHso-? fluidity, slime, poison
Etymology: Old word for poison, often replaced by euphemistic expressions (φάρμακον, Lat. venēnum, Germ. gift, French poison etc.), but still present in the languages of the margin, i. e. Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic: Skt. viṣá- n., Av. vīša-, Lat. vīrus n. (genus sec.) = Irisch fī, IE *u̯īso-; on the quantity cf. e. g. the cases in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Beside these thematic forms there is Av. viš- id. and, with deviating meaning, Skt. viṣ- faeces. Thus Lat. vīrus also means tough fluidity, slime, sap; cf. also Welsh gwyar blood and 4. ἰός. As IE *u̯īs(o)- is prob. partly a tabuistic substitution, one considered connection with a verb, Skt. veṣati flow out (gramm.), with a Germ. river-name as Wisura Weser, Vistula Weichsel (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.); however, these Old European river names of Krahe are in general pre-, i.e. non-IE. - Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. vīrus.
4.
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: rust on iron, verdigris on copper, bronze (Thgn., Hp., Pl., Theoc., SIG 284, 15 [Chios IVa]).
Derivatives: ἰώδης rust-coloured (Hp., Thphr.).
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: Given the changing meaning of IE *u̯īs(o)- (s. on 3. ἰός) our word has been identified with it (Fick 23, 242). It could be due to different uses according to occupation; note, that ἰός rust as opposed to ἰός poison was used also in prose, what may point to a stilistic differentiation.
Middle Liddell
ἰ¯ός, ὁ,
I. rust, Theogn., Plat.
II. poison, as of serpents, Trag.
1
an arrow, Il., Trag.
Frisk Etymology German
ἰός: 1.
{iós}
Meaning: ein und derselbe, der eine
See also: s. ἴα.
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2.
{īós}
Forms: pl. ἰοί, auch ἰά (Υ 68; zum Genuswechsel Schwyzer-Debrunner 37 m. Lit.)
Grammar: m.,
Meaning: Pfeil (ep. poet. seit Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 67).
Composita : Als Vorderglied z. B. in ἰοδόκος Pfeile aufnehmend (φαρέτρη Hom.), -η f. Köcher (A. R. u. a.); zu ἰοχέαιρα s. bes.
Etymology : Aus *ἰσϝο- und bis auf den erweiternden Themavokal (Schwyzer 472) mit aind. íṣu-, aw. išu- Pfeil identisch (Curtius 402; weitere Lit. bei Bq).
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3.
{īós}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: Gift (Pi., Trag., auch Plu. u. a.).
Composita : Als Vorderglied z. B. in ἰοβόρος ‘(wie) Gift verzehrend’ (Nik., Opp.);
Derivative: Ableitung ἰώδης giftig (Kaiserzeit).
Etymology : Altes Wort für Gift, oft durch euphemistische Ausdrücke ersetzt (φάρμακον, lat. venēnum, germ. gift, frz. poison usw.), aber noch in den Randsprachen, d. h. Indoiranischen und Italokeltischen vorhanden: aind. vĭṣá- n., aw. vī̆ša-, lat. vīrus n. (Genus sekundär) = irisch fī, idg. *u̯ī̆so-; zum Quantitätswechsel vgl. z. B. die Fälle bei Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Neben diesen thematischen Formen steht im Indoiranischen das einsilbige aw. viš- ib. und, mit abweichender Bedeutung, aind. viṣ- faeces. Ähnlich bedeutet lat. vīrus auch zähe Flüssigkeit, Schleim, Saft; vgl. noch kymr. gwyar Blut und 4. ἰός. Da idg. *u̯ī̆s(o)- seinerseits wahrscheinlich eintabuistisches Ersatzwort ist, kommt weitere Beziehung zu einem Verb, aind. veṣati zerfließen (Gramm.; mehrdeutig véṣantīr als Beiwort der Ströme RV. 1, 181, 6), wozu u. a. germ. Flußnamen wie Wisura Weser, Vistula Weichsel (zuletzt Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.), ernstlich in Betracht. — Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. vīrus.
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4.
{īós}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: Grünspan, Rost (Thgn., Hp., Pl., Theok., Dsk., Plu., SIG 284, 15 [Chios IVa]).
Derivative: Davon ἰώδης grünspanfarbig, rostfarbig (Hp., Thphr., Kall. Hist., Dsk., Plu. u. a.).
Etymology : Angesichts der wechselnden Bedeutung von idg. *u̯ī̆s(o)- (s. zu 3. ἰός) liegt es unzweifelhaft am nächsten, mit Fick 23, 242 ιός Grünspan, Rost mit ἰός Gift zu identifizieren. Es kann sich dabei um berufsmäßige Verschiedenheiten des Sprachgebrauchs handeln; zu bemerken ist noch, daß ἰός Grünspan, Rost im Gegensatz zu ἰός Gift seit alters auch in der Prosa benutzt wurde, was auch für eine stilistische Differenzierung spricht.
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Chinese
原文音譯:„Òj 衣哦士
詞類次數:名詞(3)
原文字根:蛇的毒液
字義溯源:銹*,毒,毒氣;或源自(εἰμί)X=行走*,去)。這字有二意義,二者都有擾害的作用:
1)銹,有侵蝕的能力
2)毒,有惡毒的能力
同源字:1) (ἰός)銹 2) (κατιόω)生銹
出現次數:總共(3);羅(1);雅(2)
譯字彙編:
1) 毒氣(2) 羅3:13; 雅3:8;
2) 銹(1) 雅5:3
English (Woodhouse)
Mantoulidis Etymological
ὁ
1 (=βέλος). Ἀπό τό εἶμι ἤ ἵημι (=ρίχνω).
2 (=σκουριά),
3 (=δηλητήριο).
Léxico de magia
ὁ veneno de un áspid καταδεσμεύω σε, ... τοῖς κέρασι τοῦ κριοῦ καὶ τῷ ἰῷ τῆς ἀσπίδος te ato a los cuernos de un carnero y al veneno del áspid (en un hechizo) SM 38 2
Translations
poison
Abkhaz: ашҳам; Acehnese: racôn, bisa; Adyghe: щынаут; Afrikaans: gif; Ainu: スㇽク; Albanian: helm, zeher; Amharic: መርዝ; Arabic: سُمّ; Moroccan Arabic: سَمّ; Armenian: թույն; Old Armenian: թոյն, ժահր; Aromanian: virin; Ashkun: ios; Assamese: বিহ; Asturian: venenu; Avar: загрьу; Azerbaijani: zəhər, ağı; Balinese: cetik; Bashkir: ағыу; Basque: pozoi; Belarusian: атрута; Bengali: বিষ, জহর; Bikol Central: hudong, hilo; Bouyei: iel; Breton: ampoezon; Bulgarian: отрова; Burmese: အဆိပ်; Catalan: verí, metzina; Cebuano: hilo; Chechen: дӏовш; Chinese Mandarin: 毒, 毒物, 毒藥/毒药; Chuvash: наркӑмӑш; Classical Nahuatl: tlapahhuilōni; Cornish: venym, poyson, gwenyn; Corsican: velenu; Crimean Tatar: zeer; Czech: jed; Danish: gift; Dhivehi: ވިހަ; Dutch: gif, vergif, vergift; Eastern Mari: яд, аяр; Elfdalian: djipt; Erzya: яд, куловтомка; Esperanto: veneno; Estonian: mürk; Faroese: gift, eitur; Finnish: myrkky; French: poison; Friulian: velen, tuessin; Gagauz: zihir; Galician: veleno, pezoña, pezoia; Georgian: შხამი, საწამლავი; German: Gift, Giftstoff; Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌲𐌹𐍆; Greek: δηλητήριο, φαρμάκι; Ancient Greek: δηλητήριον, ἰός; Greenlandic: toqunartoq; Gujarati: ઝેર; Hebrew: רַעַל, סַם; Hindi: बिस, विष, ज़हर, हलाहल; Hungarian: méreg; Icelandic: eitur; Ido: toxiko, veneno; Indonesian: racun, bisa; Ingrian: jaadu, moru, myrkky; Interlingua: veneno, toxico; Irish: nimh; Istriot: vanen; Italian: veleno; Japanese: 毒; Javanese: wisa, racun; Jingpho: tuk, ntuk, ningtuk; Kamkata-viri: viš; Kannada: ನಂಜು, ವಿಷ; Karaim: ahu; Kashubian: trecézna; Kazakh: у, зәр; Khakas: оо; Khmer: ថ្នាំពុល; Komi-Permyak: яд; Kongo: misa; Korean: 독; Kunigami: 酔, 毒; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دەرمانخوارد, ژەھر; Northern Kurdish: jehr, jar; Kyrgyz: уу; Ladin: tuesse; Ladino: veneno, tosigo, intusedju; Lao: ຢາພິດ; Latin: venenum, toxicum; Latvian: inde; Laz: ჩხამი; Lithuanian: nuodai; Livonian: vijā; Luxembourgish: Gëft; Macedonian: отров; Maguindanao: bisa; Malagasy: poizina; Malay: racun; Malayalam: വിഷം; Maltese: velenu, semm; Mansaka: gamot; Manx: pyshoon, nieu; Maori: huarua, paitini; Maranao: gamot; Marathi: विष; Minangkabau: racun; Mingrelian: შხამი, ჟღამი; Miyako: 酔, 毒; Mongolian: хор; Nanai: гу; Northern Sami: mirko; Norwegian: gift; Occitan: poison; Ojibwe: bichibowin; Okinawan: 毒; Old East Slavic: ядъ; Old English: ātor; Old Javanese: wisa; Oromo: summii; Ossetian: марг; Ottoman Turkish: اغو, زهر, سم, اوت; Pali: visa; Persian: زهر; Plautdietsch: Jeft; Polish: trucizna, jad inan; Portuguese: veneno, tóxico; Prasuni: ūšu; Quechua: miyu; Rohingya: bic; Romagnol: vlén; Romanian: otravă, venin; Romansch: tissi, teissa, tössi; Russian: яд, отрава; S'gaw Karen: စုၣ်; Saanich: T̸EXTEN; Sanskrit: विष; Scots: pushion; Scottish Gaelic: nimh, puinnsean; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: о̀тров; Roman: òtrov; Sherpa: དུག; Shor: оо; Sicilian: vilenu; Sinhalese: වස, විෂ, විස, වහ; Slovak: jed; Slovene: strup; Somali: sun; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: gad; Upper Sorbian: jěd; Southern Altai: корон, оо; Spanish: veneno, ponzoña; Svan: შხა̈მ; Swahili: sumu; Swedish: gift; Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠡ; Tabasaran: зегьер; Tagalog: lason; Tajik: заҳр; Tamil: விடம்; Tangut: 𗀀; Taos: benę̀nuʼúne; Tatar: агу; Tausug: lachûn, bisa; Telugu: విషము; Thai: พิษ, ยาพิษ, ยาเบื่อ; Tibetan: དུག; Tocharian A: wäs; Tocharian B: wase; Turkish: zehir, ağı; Turkmen: zäher; Tuvan: оо; Udmurt: яд; Ukrainian: отрута, отруя; Urdu: زہر, ہلاہل; Uyghur: زەھەر; Uzbek: ogʻu, zahar; Venetian: tòssego; Vietnamese: chất độc, thuốc độc; Volapük: venen; Votic: jaadu; Waigali: viš; Walloon: pwezon; Welsh: gwenwyn; West Frisian: fergif; Yaeyama: 酔, 毒; Yakut: дьаат; Yiddish: סם, גיפֿט; Zhuang: doeg, yw; Zulu: isihlungu, ubuthi; ǃXóõ: ǁāã, sòo