ἄρχων: Difference between revisions
Ζεὺς οἶδε μοῖράν τ' ἀμμορίην τ' ἀνθρώπων → Zeus knows what is man's fate and what is not, Zeus knows man's good and bad fortune
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|Definition=οντος, ὁ, (part. of < | |Definition=οντος, ὁ, (part. of [[ἄρχω]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[ruler]], [[commander]], νεός [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.33: abs., A.Th.674, S.Aj.668, etc.; [[chief]], [[king]], Ἀσίας A.Pers.73; [[ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου]], of [[Satan]], Ev.Jo.16.11, al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> as official title, [[chief magistrate]], esp. at Athens, Th.1.126, etc.; οἱ ἐννέα ἄρχοντες IG2.163; [[οἱ ἄρχοντες]], at [[Sparta]], [[the authorities]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.106: sg., ὁ ἄρχων = the [[eponymous magistrate of the year]], IG1.52, al., Arist.Ath.3.3, etc.; so in Boeotia, at Delphi, Delos, and elsewhere, IG7.2407, SIG295.18, IG2.814, etc.; = Lat. [[consul]], Plb.1.39.1.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[governor]] of a [[dependency]] or [[province]], e.g. in the Athenian Empire, IG1.62b19, etc.; of a Roman [[governor]], OGI441.59; = [[praefectus]], Plb.6.26.5.<br><span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[magistrate]], [[official]], Aeschin.3.29, etc.; opp. [[ἰδιώτης]], SIG 672.16 (Delph.); [[ruler]] of a [[synagogue]], Ev.Matt.9.18; [[president]] of a [[club]], PLond.3.1178.6 (ii A. D.). | ||
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|dgtxt=-οντος, ὁ<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> cret. [[ἄρκον]] <i>ICr</i>.4.72.11.51 (V a.C.)<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [tes. dat. ἀρχόντοις <i>IG</i> 9(2).205.24 (Melitea III a.C.)]<br /><b class="num">I</b> rel. c. el ejército<br /><b class="num">1</b> gener. [[comandante militar]], [[jefe]] Hdt.7.61, ὅπλων ἄρχων op. [[προστάτης]] χθονός E.<i>IA</i> 374, τῆς στρατιᾶς Th.3.30, τῆς δυνάμεως [[LXX]] <i>Id</i>.4.2, cf. X.<i>Cyr</i>.7.5.5, cf. Gorg.B 11a.32, Plb.1.8.3, 1.9.1.<br /><b class="num">2</b> de divisiones dentro del ejército [[capitán]], [[oficial]], [[mando]] [[μήτε]] στρατηγῷ, [[μήτε]] ἄλλῳ ἄρχοντι X.<i>Mem</i>.2.2.11, cf. <i>Cyr</i>.2.1.11, τῶν μηχανῶν καὶ τῶν σκευοφόρων καὶ τῶν ἁρμαμαξῶν X.<i>Cyr</i>.6.3.8, ἄρχοντες τῆς φρουρᾶς Aen.Tact.11.14, cf. Plb.9.17.3, op. [[ἐπιβάται]] Th.6.32.<br /><b class="num">3</b> en la marina: de una nave [[capitán]], [[patrón]] [[νεός]] Hdt.5.33, [[δώδεκα]] τριήρεις καὶ ἄ. αὐτῶν X.<i>HG</i> 7.4.12, cf. Plb.30.9.8, 9<br /><b class="num">•</b> de escuadras [[almirante]] τῶν [[νεῶν]] Th.1.57, τοῦ ναυτικοῦ Th.7.39, cf. Plb.27.7.14.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en un sent. más amplio<br /><b class="num">1</b> territorial y asimilados [[príncipe]], [[soberano]] τῆσδε γῆς A.<i>A</i>.1583, cf. <i>Pers</i>.36, E.<i>HF</i> 38, Ἀσίας A.<i>Pers</i>.73, ἄρχοντί τ' [[ἄρχων]] ... [[στήσομαι]] A.<i>Th</i>.674, ἄρχοντές εἰσιν de los Atridas S.<i>Ai</i>.668, pero de Áyax αὐτὸς [[ἄρχων]] = <i>jefe por sí mismo</i>, e.e. autónomo</i> S.<i>Ai</i>.1234, βασιλεῖς καὶ ἄρχοντας τοὺς τὰ σκῆπτρα ἔχοντας X.<i>Mem</i>.3.9.10, cf. [[LXX]] <i>Ps</i>.2.2, <i>Eu.Matt</i>.20.25, de los dioses, Pl.<i>Plt</i>.271d, de Jesucristo ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς <i>Apoc</i>.1.5, esp. de demonios y poderes malignos ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου [[τούτου]] = <i>príncipe de este mundo</i> de Satanás <i>Eu.Io</i>.16.12, δαιμονίων <i>Eu.Matt</i>.9.34<br /><b class="num">•</b> entre los gnósticos τὸν ἄρχοντα καὶ δημιουργὸν τῆς ὕλης λέγει Hippol.<i>Haer</i>.5.17.7, entre los maniqueos, Hegemon.<i>Arch</i>.8 (p.12.3f).<br /><b class="num">2</b> en la sociedad civil, esp. en especulaciones sobre sus funciones y capacidades [[gobernante]] νόμῳ καὶ ἄρχοντι ... εἴκειν [[κόσμιον]] Democr.B 47, cf. Pl.<i>Lg</i>.715c<br /><b class="num">•</b> pred. ἄρχων [[ἄνθρωπος]] op. ἄρχων [[νόμος]] Arist.<i>EN</i> 1134<sup>b</sup>1, τὸν ἄρχοντα [[δεῖ]] ἔχειν πρὸς μὲν τοὺς καιροὺς λογισμόν Democr.B 302, cf. B 266, πολίτου καὶ ἄρχοντος τὴν αὐτὴν ἀρετὴν εἶναί [[φαμεν]] καὶ τοῦ ἀρίστου [[ἀνδρός]] Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1333<sup>a</sup>11, como propio de las ciudades ἀρχόντων τῆς πόλεως ἀκούειν Thrasym.B 1, cf. E.<i>IA</i> 375<br /><b class="num">•</b> fig. [[conductor]], [[dirigente]] ἄ. εἰσι οἱ βουκόλοι τῶν [[βοῶν]], καὶ οἱ ἱπποφορβοὶ τῶν ἵππων X.<i>Cyr</i>.1.1.2<br /><b class="num">•</b> del [[νοῦς]] [[rector]] πάντων ἄρχων Pl.<i>Lg</i>.875d.<br /><b class="num">III</b> institucionalizado<br /><b class="num">1</b> en las ciu. [[magistrado]] op. [[ἰδιώτης]] Sol.<i>Lg</i>.22, X.<i>Cyr</i>.1.6.20, Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1300<sup>b</sup>21, cf. <i>SIG</i> 672.16 (Atalea Délfica II a.C.), [[ἀόριστος]] ἄρχων = <i>magistrado con funciones no específicas</i> (op. a los que tienen funciones definidas) Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1275<sup>b</sup>14<br /><b class="num">•</b> de los magistrados de varias ciudades y regiones: de los Βοιωτάρχαι X.<i>HG</i> 7.3.5, ἄρχων Βοιωτύς <i>IG</i> 7.254.1 (III a.C.), en Delfos <i>SIG</i> 295.18 (IV a.C.), en Delos <i>ID</i> 354.2 (III a.C.), de los magistrados de las ciu. de la liga aquea, Plb.5.1.6, prob. entre los locros epicefirios <i>SEG</i> 30.1172 (IV a.C.), en Epidauro, Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1301<sup>b</sup>25, frec. de los magistrados espartanos, Hdt.3.46, cf. 6.106, Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1266<sup>a</sup>8, 18, [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]11.40, en estados ideales o utópicos τοὺς δ' ἄρχοντας αἱρετοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου [[εἶναι]] πάντας Hippod. en Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1268<sup>a</sup>11.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en Atenas [[arconte]] Sol.<i>Lg</i>.16, οἱ [[ἐννέα]] ἄρχοντες Th.1.126<i>bis</i>, cf. 2.2, πόλεις ... πρυτανεῖά τε ἔχουσας καὶ ἄρχοντας Th.2.15, οἱ κληρωτοὶ καὶ οἱ χειροτονητοὶ ἄρχοντες Aeschin.3.29<br /><b class="num">•</b> en sg., abs. [[arconte epónimo]] εἰσι δὲ ([[ἐννέα]] ἄρχοντες) [[ἄρχων]], [[βασιλεύς]], [[πολέμαρχος]] καὶ θεσμοθέται ἕξ = <i>(los nueve arcontes) son: el arconte epónimo, el arconte rey, el polemarco y los seis tesmotetes</i> Arist.<i>Fr</i>.412, cf. 413<br /><b class="num">•</b> gener. en gen. abs. dando el nombre al año Φιλοκράτος ἄρχοντος <i>IG</i> 1<sup>3</sup>.4A.15 (V a.C.), Hdt.8.51, Th.5.25, X.<i>HG</i> 1.2.1, Arist.<i>Ath</i>.3.3<br /><b class="num">•</b> rechazado como método poco seguro para la datación histórica, Th.5.20<br /><b class="num">•</b> en el imperio ateniense [[gobernador]] impuesto a los pueblos bajo su hegemonía <i>IG</i> 1<sup>3</sup>.110.19 (V a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b> por parte de los espartanos τῶν [[πόλεων]] ἄρχοντας καθιστάναι Th.4.132, cf. 6.93.<br /><b class="num">3</b> como trad. de inst. políticas de otros pueblos: [[cabeza]], [[jefe]] de instituciones varias: persas, X.<i>Cyr</i>.1.2.5<br /><b class="num">•</b> [[sátrapa]] Hdt.1.192, 3.39, Ἀρτακάμαν ... τὸν τῆς [[μεγάλης]] Φρυγίας ἄρχοντα X.<i>Cyr</i>.2.1.5, cf. <i>Oec</i>.4.6<br /><b class="num">•</b> hebreas, [[LXX]] <i>Nu</i>.1.44<br /><b class="num">•</b> entre los romanos [[cónsul]] Plb.1.24.9<br /><b class="num">•</b> [[tribuno de la plebe]] Plu.<i>Cat.Mi</i>.34<br /><b class="num">•</b> [[gobernador]] o [[prefecto]] Plb.6.21.5, 21.32.6, <i>IStratonikeia</i> 505.63 (I a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b> en plu. [[autoridades]] provinciales romanas <i>Act.Ap</i>.16.19, <i>Ep.Tit</i>.1.9 (ap. crít.), <i>Ep.Rom</i>.13.3<br /><b class="num">•</b> en el Egipto heleníst. [[autoridad local]], <i>PPetr</i>.2.4.6.5 (III a.C.), <i>UPZ</i> 9.8 (II a.C.).<br /><b class="num">IV</b> de divisiones sociales más pequeñas<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[amo]] σε ἄρχοντα τοῦ οἴκου κατέλιπε X.<i>HG</i> 3.1.25.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[presidente]] de una asociación deportiva <i>PLond</i>.1178.60 (II d.C.), <i>IG</i> 14.1109.10 (Roma).<br /><b class="num">3</b> en la sinagoga judía [[jefe]] o [[rabino]], <i>Eu.Matt</i>.9.18, 23, del Sumo Sacerdote <i>Act.Ap</i>.23.5<br /><b class="num">•</b> en plu. de los miembros del Sanedrín <i>Eu.Luc</i>.18.18, <i>PLond</i>.1177.57 (II d.C.), <i>CIIud</i>.1.85, 505; cf. [[ἄρχω]]. | |||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0367.png Seite 367]] οντος, ὁ, partic. vom vorigen, der Herrscher, Gebieter, Aesch. Spt. 656 Pers. 74 u. Folgde; auch als adj., τινός, einer Sache mächtig. – In Athen, die erste obrigkeitliche Würde, Archon. | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0367.png Seite 367]] οντος, ὁ, partic. vom vorigen, der [[Herrscher]], [[Gebieter]], Aesch. Spt. 656 Pers. 74 u. Folgde; auch als adj., τινός, einer Sache mächtig. – In Athen, die erste obrigkeitliche Würde, [[Archon]]. | ||
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{{bailly | {{bailly | ||
|btext=οντος (ὁ) :<br /><b>I.</b> | |btext=οντος (ὁ) :<br /><b>I.</b> [[chef]] ; <i>particul.</i> roi;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>p. suite</i> :<br /><b>1</b> <i>à Athènes</i> archonte, l'un des neuf magistrats athéniens principaux (le 1<sup>er</sup> [[ἄρχων]] [[ἐπώνυμος]] <i>ou abs.</i> ὁ [[ἄρχων]], le 2ᵉ [[ἄρχων]] [[βασιλεύς]], le 3ᵉ [[ἄρχων]] [[πολέμαρχος]], les 6 autres ἄρχοντες θεσμοτέται);<br /><b>2</b> [[magistrat]] <i>en gén.</i><br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ἄρχω]].<br />[[NT]]: chef de la synagogue, des Juifs, des prêtres | ||
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{{StrongGR | {{StrongGR | ||
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{{Thayer | {{Thayer | ||
|txtha=ἄρχοντος, ὁ ([[present]] participle of the [[verb]] [[ἄρχω]]) (from | |txtha=ἄρχοντος, ὁ ([[present]] participle of the [[verb]] [[ἄρχω]]) (from Aeschylus down), a [[ruler]], [[commander]], [[chief]], [[leader]]: used of Jesus, [[ἄρχων]] τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς, Judges, ἄρχοντα καί δικαστήν, him God sent as ἄρχοντα — [[leader]], [[ruler]] — καί λύτρῳ — [[τήν]]); οἱ ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος [[τούτου]] those [[who]] in the [[present]] [[age]] ([[see]] [[αἰών]], 3) by [[nobility]] of [[birth]], [[learning]] and Wisdom of Solomon, [[power]] and [[authority]], [[wield]] the greatest [[influence]], [[whether]] [[among]] Jews or Gentles, [[ἄρχων]] τῆς συναγωγῆς, cf. [[ἀρχισυνάγωγος]]), and [[perhaps]] [[also]] [[ἄρχων]] τῶν Φαρισαίων, [[one]] [[who]] has [[great]] [[influence]] [[among]] the Pharisees, ὁ) [[ἄρχων]] τῶν δαιμονίων, ὁ [[ἄρχων]] τοῦ κόσμου, the [[ruler]] of the [[irreligious]] [[mass]] of [[mankind]], הָעולָה שַׂר; [[ἄρχων]] τοῦ αἰῶνος [[τούτου]], Ignatius, ad Ephesians 19,1 [ET] (ad Magn. 1,3 [ET]); [[ἄρχων]] τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς ἀνομίας, the Epistle of Barnabas 18,2 [ET]); τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, [[ἀήρ]]). (See Hort in Dict. of Chris. Biog., [[under]] the [[word]] Archon.) | ||
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{{grml | {{grml | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
|elrutext='''ἄρχων:''' οντος ὁ<br /><b class="num">1 | |elrutext='''ἄρχων:''' οντος ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[предводитель]], [[начальник]], [[вождь]] Aesch., Soph.; [[командир]] ([[νεός]] Her.);<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[правитель]] Her., Polyb., Diod., Plut.; [[владыка]], [[царь]] (Ἀσίας Aesch.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> (в Афинах) [[архонт]] (каждый из 9 членов высшего правительственного органа: 1-й - ὁ ἄρχων или ἄρχων [[ἐπώνυμος]], 2-й - ἄρχων [[βασιλεύς]], 3-й - ἄρχων [[πολέμαρχος]], 6 [[остальных]] - ἄρχοντες θεσμοθέται) Thuc. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[[part]]. of [[ἄρχω]]<br /><b class="num">1.</b> a [[ruler]], [[commander]], [[chief]], [[captain]], Hdt., Aesch., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> Ἄρχοντες, οἱ, the [[chief]] magistrates at [[Athens]], [[nine]] in [[number]], the [[first]] [[being]] ὁ Ἄρχων or Ἄρχων [[ἐπώνυμος]], the [[second]] ὁ Βασιλεύς, the [[third]] ὁ Πολέμαρχος, the [[remaining]] six οἱ Θεσμοθέται.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[title]] of the [[chief]] magistrates in [[other]] places, as the Ephors at [[Sparta]], Hdt. | |||
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{{Chinese | |||
|sngr='''原文音譯''':¥rcwn 阿而罕<br />'''詞類次數''':名詞(37)<br />'''原文字根''':原始-是著 相當於: ([[נָשִׂיא]]‎) ([[סָרַר]]‎ / [[שַׂר]]‎)<br />'''字義溯源''':第一,首領,統治,君王,王,官長,有權位的,元首,臣宰,管理人;源自([[ἄρχω]])*=為首)。最奇特的一次譯為:元首( 啓1:5);那是指主耶穌是君王之元首,是基督,是彌賽亞<br />'''出現次數''':總共(37);太(5);可(1);路(8);約(7);徒(11);羅(1);林前(2);弗(1);啓(1)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 官長(13) 路23:13; 路23:35; 路24:20; 約7:26; 約7:48; 約12:42; 徒3:17; 徒4:5; 徒4:8; 徒13:27; 徒14:5; 徒23:5; 羅13:3;<br />2) 王(7) 太9:34; 太12:24; 可3:22; 路11:15; 約12:31; 約14:30; 約16:11;<br />3) 首領(5) 路14:1; 徒7:27; 徒7:35; 徒16:19; 弗2:2;<br />4) 官(5) 太9:18; 太9:23; 路12:58; 路18:18; 約3:1;<br />5) 有權位的(1) 林前2:8;<br />6) 元首的(1) 啓1:5;<br />7) 有權位(1) 林前2:6;<br />8) 作首領(1) 徒7:35;<br />9) 君王(1) 太20:25;<br />10) 臣宰(1) 徒4:26;<br />11) 管理人(1) 路8:41 | |||
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{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | |||
|woodrun=[[chief]], [[governor]], [[magistrate]], [[official]] | |||
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{{lxth | |||
|lthtxt=''[[is qui cum imperio est]], [[praefectus]], [[imperator]], [[magistratus]]'', [[one in command]], [[prefect]], [[commander]], [[magistrate]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.57.6/ 1.57.6], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.62.2/ 1.62.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.74.1/ 1.74.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.95.6/ 1.95.6], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.104.1/ 1.104.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.115.5/ 1.115.5]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.22.3/ 2.22.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.88.1/ 2.88.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.93.1/ 2.93.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.7.1/ 3.7.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.27.3/ 3.27.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.30.1/ 3.30.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.34.3/ 3.34.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.52.2/ 3.52.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.93.3/ 3.93.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.109.2/ 3.109.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.114.4/ 3.114.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.31.2/ 4.31.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.38.1/ 4.38.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.39.2/ 4.39.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.57.3/ 4.57.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.67.3/ 4.67.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.69.3/ 4.69.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.73.4/ 4.73.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.92.1/ 4.92.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.123.4/ 4.123.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.129.3/ 4.129.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.132.3/ 4.132.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.3.1/ 5.3.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%205.3.2/ 5.3.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.9.9/ 5.9.9], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.20.2/ 5.20.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.51.2/ 5.51.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.56.1/ 5.56.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.66.4/ 5.66.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.32.1/ 6.32.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.40.2/ 6.40.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.91.4/ 6.91.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.93.2/ 6.93.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.2.1/ 7.2.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%207.2.1/ 7.2.1][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.19.3/ 7.19.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.19.4/ 7.19.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.20.1/ 7.20.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.25.1/ 7.25.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.39.2/ 7.39.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.73.3/ 7.73.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.5.1/ 8.5.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.8.2/ 8.8.2],<br><i>Ibid. Ibid.</i> <i>in the same place in the same place</i> [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.10.2/ 8.10.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.8.4/ 8.8.4]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.11.3/ 8.11.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.23.4/ 8.23.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.24.1/ 8.24.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.11.6/ 8.11.6]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.28.5/ 8.28.5]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.39.1/ 8.39.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.28.2/ 8.28.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.61.2/ 8.61.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.92.5/ 8.92.5] [<i>ubi vulgo</i> <i>where commonly</i> ἀρχῶν]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%208.108.2/ 8.108.2], [<i>Vat.</i> <i>Vatican manuscript</i> ἄρχοντα]<br>''[[Archon]] (Athenis)'', [[Archon]] (at Athens), [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.126.8/ 1.126.8], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%201.126.8/ 1.126.8][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.2.1/ 2.2.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.15.1/ 2.15.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.19.1/ 5.19.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:5.25.1/ 5.25.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.54.6/ 6.54.6]. | |||
}} | |||
{{trml | |||
|trtx====[[ruler]]=== | |||
Afrikaans: heerser; Albanian: sundimtar; Arabic: حَاكِم; Egyptian Arabic: حاكم; Armenian: տիրակալ; Azerbaijani: hökmdar, hakim, hökmran; Bashkir: батша, хаким; Belarusian: праві́цель; Bengali: শাসক; Bulgarian: властелин, господар, владетел; Burmese: အုပ်ချုပ်သောသူ; Catalan: líder, governant; Cherokee: ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ; Chinese Mandarin: 統治者, 统治者; Czech: vládce; Danish: hersker; Dutch: [[heerser]]; Esperanto: regnestro; Estonian: riigivalitseja; Finnish: hallitsija; French: [[dirigeant]], [[chef]]; Georgian: მმართველი; German: [[Herrscher]]; Gothic: 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃; Greek: [[κυβερνήτης]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἄρχων]], [[ἡγεμών]], [[ἀρχός]]; Haitian Creole: chèf; Hebrew: מַנְהִיג, שַׁלִּיט; Hindi: शासक; Hungarian: uralkodó; Indonesian: penguasa; Irish: rialtóir; Italian: [[sovrano]]; Japanese: 支配者, 知事, 統治者; Javanese: ratu; Kikuyu: mũthamaki Korean: 통치자(統治者); Kyrgyz: бий; Latgalian: vaļdinīks; Latin: [[tyrannus]]; Latvian: valdnieks; Lithuanian: valdovas; Macedonian: владетел; Malay: penguasa, pemerintah; Middle English: reuler, senyour; Mongolian Cyrillic: захирагч; Nahuatl: tecutli; Norwegian Bokmål: hersker, makthaver; Nynorsk: herskar, makthavar; Old Prussian: rikīs; Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣; Persian: حاکم, حکمران; Polish: władca; Portuguese: [[governante]]; Romanian: guvernant, domnitor; Russian: [[правитель]], [[властелин]], [[властитель]], [[государь]]; Sanskrit: अधिप; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: вла̀да̄р, во̏ђа; Roman: vlàdār, vȍđa; Slovak: vládca; Spanish: [[gobernante]]; Swedish: härskare, ledare; Tagalog: naghahari; Tajik: ҳоким; Telugu: అధికారి; Tocharian B: kamartīke; Turkish: hükümdar; Ukrainian: правитель | |||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 15:36, 16 November 2024
English (LSJ)
οντος, ὁ, (part. of ἄρχω)
A ruler, commander, νεός Hdt.5.33: abs., A.Th.674, S.Aj.668, etc.; chief, king, Ἀσίας A.Pers.73; ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, of Satan, Ev.Jo.16.11, al.
II as official title, chief magistrate, esp. at Athens, Th.1.126, etc.; οἱ ἐννέα ἄρχοντες IG2.163; οἱ ἄρχοντες, at Sparta, the authorities, Hdt.6.106: sg., ὁ ἄρχων = the eponymous magistrate of the year, IG1.52, al., Arist.Ath.3.3, etc.; so in Boeotia, at Delphi, Delos, and elsewhere, IG7.2407, SIG295.18, IG2.814, etc.; = Lat. consul, Plb.1.39.1.
2 governor of a dependency or province, e.g. in the Athenian Empire, IG1.62b19, etc.; of a Roman governor, OGI441.59; = praefectus, Plb.6.26.5.
3 generally, magistrate, official, Aeschin.3.29, etc.; opp. ἰδιώτης, SIG 672.16 (Delph.); ruler of a synagogue, Ev.Matt.9.18; president of a club, PLond.3.1178.6 (ii A. D.).
Spanish (DGE)
-οντος, ὁ
• Alolema(s): cret. ἄρκον ICr.4.72.11.51 (V a.C.)
• Morfología: [tes. dat. ἀρχόντοις IG 9(2).205.24 (Melitea III a.C.)]
I rel. c. el ejército
1 gener. comandante militar, jefe Hdt.7.61, ὅπλων ἄρχων op. προστάτης χθονός E.IA 374, τῆς στρατιᾶς Th.3.30, τῆς δυνάμεως LXX Id.4.2, cf. X.Cyr.7.5.5, cf. Gorg.B 11a.32, Plb.1.8.3, 1.9.1.
2 de divisiones dentro del ejército capitán, oficial, mando μήτε στρατηγῷ, μήτε ἄλλῳ ἄρχοντι X.Mem.2.2.11, cf. Cyr.2.1.11, τῶν μηχανῶν καὶ τῶν σκευοφόρων καὶ τῶν ἁρμαμαξῶν X.Cyr.6.3.8, ἄρχοντες τῆς φρουρᾶς Aen.Tact.11.14, cf. Plb.9.17.3, op. ἐπιβάται Th.6.32.
3 en la marina: de una nave capitán, patrón νεός Hdt.5.33, δώδεκα τριήρεις καὶ ἄ. αὐτῶν X.HG 7.4.12, cf. Plb.30.9.8, 9
• de escuadras almirante τῶν νεῶν Th.1.57, τοῦ ναυτικοῦ Th.7.39, cf. Plb.27.7.14.
II en un sent. más amplio
1 territorial y asimilados príncipe, soberano τῆσδε γῆς A.A.1583, cf. Pers.36, E.HF 38, Ἀσίας A.Pers.73, ἄρχοντί τ' ἄρχων ... στήσομαι A.Th.674, ἄρχοντές εἰσιν de los Atridas S.Ai.668, pero de Áyax αὐτὸς ἄρχων = jefe por sí mismo, e.e. autónomo S.Ai.1234, βασιλεῖς καὶ ἄρχοντας τοὺς τὰ σκῆπτρα ἔχοντας X.Mem.3.9.10, cf. LXX Ps.2.2, Eu.Matt.20.25, de los dioses, Pl.Plt.271d, de Jesucristo ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς Apoc.1.5, esp. de demonios y poderes malignos ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου = príncipe de este mundo de Satanás Eu.Io.16.12, δαιμονίων Eu.Matt.9.34
• entre los gnósticos τὸν ἄρχοντα καὶ δημιουργὸν τῆς ὕλης λέγει Hippol.Haer.5.17.7, entre los maniqueos, Hegemon.Arch.8 (p.12.3f).
2 en la sociedad civil, esp. en especulaciones sobre sus funciones y capacidades gobernante νόμῳ καὶ ἄρχοντι ... εἴκειν κόσμιον Democr.B 47, cf. Pl.Lg.715c
• pred. ἄρχων ἄνθρωπος op. ἄρχων νόμος Arist.EN 1134b1, τὸν ἄρχοντα δεῖ ἔχειν πρὸς μὲν τοὺς καιροὺς λογισμόν Democr.B 302, cf. B 266, πολίτου καὶ ἄρχοντος τὴν αὐτὴν ἀρετὴν εἶναί φαμεν καὶ τοῦ ἀρίστου ἀνδρός Arist.Pol.1333a11, como propio de las ciudades ἀρχόντων τῆς πόλεως ἀκούειν Thrasym.B 1, cf. E.IA 375
• fig. conductor, dirigente ἄ. εἰσι οἱ βουκόλοι τῶν βοῶν, καὶ οἱ ἱπποφορβοὶ τῶν ἵππων X.Cyr.1.1.2
• del νοῦς rector πάντων ἄρχων Pl.Lg.875d.
III institucionalizado
1 en las ciu. magistrado op. ἰδιώτης Sol.Lg.22, X.Cyr.1.6.20, Arist.Pol.1300b21, cf. SIG 672.16 (Atalea Délfica II a.C.), ἀόριστος ἄρχων = magistrado con funciones no específicas (op. a los que tienen funciones definidas) Arist.Pol.1275b14
• de los magistrados de varias ciudades y regiones: de los Βοιωτάρχαι X.HG 7.3.5, ἄρχων Βοιωτύς IG 7.254.1 (III a.C.), en Delfos SIG 295.18 (IV a.C.), en Delos ID 354.2 (III a.C.), de los magistrados de las ciu. de la liga aquea, Plb.5.1.6, prob. entre los locros epicefirios SEG 30.1172 (IV a.C.), en Epidauro, Arist.Pol.1301b25, frec. de los magistrados espartanos, Hdt.3.46, cf. 6.106, Arist.Pol.1266a8, 18, D.S.11.40, en estados ideales o utópicos τοὺς δ' ἄρχοντας αἱρετοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου εἶναι πάντας Hippod. en Arist.Pol.1268a11.
2 en Atenas arconte Sol.Lg.16, οἱ ἐννέα ἄρχοντες Th.1.126bis, cf. 2.2, πόλεις ... πρυτανεῖά τε ἔχουσας καὶ ἄρχοντας Th.2.15, οἱ κληρωτοὶ καὶ οἱ χειροτονητοὶ ἄρχοντες Aeschin.3.29
• en sg., abs. arconte epónimo εἰσι δὲ (ἐννέα ἄρχοντες) ἄρχων, βασιλεύς, πολέμαρχος καὶ θεσμοθέται ἕξ = (los nueve arcontes) son: el arconte epónimo, el arconte rey, el polemarco y los seis tesmotetes Arist.Fr.412, cf. 413
• gener. en gen. abs. dando el nombre al año Φιλοκράτος ἄρχοντος IG 13.4A.15 (V a.C.), Hdt.8.51, Th.5.25, X.HG 1.2.1, Arist.Ath.3.3
• rechazado como método poco seguro para la datación histórica, Th.5.20
• en el imperio ateniense gobernador impuesto a los pueblos bajo su hegemonía IG 13.110.19 (V a.C.)
• por parte de los espartanos τῶν πόλεων ἄρχοντας καθιστάναι Th.4.132, cf. 6.93.
3 como trad. de inst. políticas de otros pueblos: cabeza, jefe de instituciones varias: persas, X.Cyr.1.2.5
• sátrapa Hdt.1.192, 3.39, Ἀρτακάμαν ... τὸν τῆς μεγάλης Φρυγίας ἄρχοντα X.Cyr.2.1.5, cf. Oec.4.6
• hebreas, LXX Nu.1.44
• entre los romanos cónsul Plb.1.24.9
• tribuno de la plebe Plu.Cat.Mi.34
• gobernador o prefecto Plb.6.21.5, 21.32.6, IStratonikeia 505.63 (I a.C.)
• en plu. autoridades provinciales romanas Act.Ap.16.19, Ep.Tit.1.9 (ap. crít.), Ep.Rom.13.3
• en el Egipto heleníst. autoridad local, PPetr.2.4.6.5 (III a.C.), UPZ 9.8 (II a.C.).
IV de divisiones sociales más pequeñas
1 amo σε ἄρχοντα τοῦ οἴκου κατέλιπε X.HG 3.1.25.
2 presidente de una asociación deportiva PLond.1178.60 (II d.C.), IG 14.1109.10 (Roma).
3 en la sinagoga judía jefe o rabino, Eu.Matt.9.18, 23, del Sumo Sacerdote Act.Ap.23.5
• en plu. de los miembros del Sanedrín Eu.Luc.18.18, PLond.1177.57 (II d.C.), CIIud.1.85, 505; cf. ἄρχω.
German (Pape)
[Seite 367] οντος, ὁ, partic. vom vorigen, der Herrscher, Gebieter, Aesch. Spt. 656 Pers. 74 u. Folgde; auch als adj., τινός, einer Sache mächtig. – In Athen, die erste obrigkeitliche Würde, Archon.
French (Bailly abrégé)
οντος (ὁ) :
I. chef ; particul. roi;
II. p. suite :
1 à Athènes archonte, l'un des neuf magistrats athéniens principaux (le 1er ἄρχων ἐπώνυμος ou abs. ὁ ἄρχων, le 2ᵉ ἄρχων βασιλεύς, le 3ᵉ ἄρχων πολέμαρχος, les 6 autres ἄρχοντες θεσμοτέται);
2 magistrat en gén.
Étymologie: ἄρχω.
NT: chef de la synagogue, des Juifs, des prêtres
English (Strong)
present participle of ἄρχω; a first (in rank or power): chief (ruler), magistrate, prince, ruler.
English (Thayer)
ἄρχοντος, ὁ (present participle of the verb ἄρχω) (from Aeschylus down), a ruler, commander, chief, leader: used of Jesus, ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς, Judges, ἄρχοντα καί δικαστήν, him God sent as ἄρχοντα — leader, ruler — καί λύτρῳ — τήν); οἱ ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου those who in the present age (see αἰών, 3) by nobility of birth, learning and Wisdom of Solomon, power and authority, wield the greatest influence, whether among Jews or Gentles, ἄρχων τῆς συναγωγῆς, cf. ἀρχισυνάγωγος), and perhaps also ἄρχων τῶν Φαρισαίων, one who has great influence among the Pharisees, ὁ) ἄρχων τῶν δαιμονίων, ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου, the ruler of the irreligious mass of mankind, הָעולָה שַׂר; ἄρχων τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, Ignatius, ad Ephesians 19,1 [ET] (ad Magn. 1,3 [ET]); ἄρχων τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς ἀνομίας, the Epistle of Barnabas 18,2 [ET]); τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος, ἀήρ). (See Hort in Dict. of Chris. Biog., under the word Archon.)
Greek Monolingual
βλ. άρχοντας.
Greek Monotonic
ἄρχων: -οντος, ὁ (μτχ. του ἄρχω)·
1. κυβερνήτης, διοικητής, αρχηγός, ηγέτης, σε Ηρόδ., Αισχύλ. κ.λπ.
2. Ἄρχοντες, οἱ, οι κατεξοχήν άρχοντες της Αθήνας, εννέα στον αριθμό, ο πρώτος καλείτο ὁ Ἄρχων ή Ἄρχων ἐπώνυμος, ο δεύτερος ὁ Βασιλεύς, ο τρίτος ὁ Πολέμαρχος, οι υπόλοιποι έξι οἱ Θεσμοθέται.
3. τίτλος για ανώτατους άρχοντες σε άλλες πόλεις, όπως οι Έφοροι στη Σπάρτη, σε Ηρόδ.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἄρχων: οντος ὁ
1 предводитель, начальник, вождь Aesch., Soph.; командир (νεός Her.);
2 правитель Her., Polyb., Diod., Plut.; владыка, царь (Ἀσίας Aesch.);
3 (в Афинах) архонт (каждый из 9 членов высшего правительственного органа: 1-й - ὁ ἄρχων или ἄρχων ἐπώνυμος, 2-й - ἄρχων βασιλεύς, 3-й - ἄρχων πολέμαρχος, 6 остальных - ἄρχοντες θεσμοθέται) Thuc.
Middle Liddell
part. of ἄρχω
1. a ruler, commander, chief, captain, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
2. Ἄρχοντες, οἱ, the chief magistrates at Athens, nine in number, the first being ὁ Ἄρχων or Ἄρχων ἐπώνυμος, the second ὁ Βασιλεύς, the third ὁ Πολέμαρχος, the remaining six οἱ Θεσμοθέται.
3. title of the chief magistrates in other places, as the Ephors at Sparta, Hdt.
Chinese
原文音譯:¥rcwn 阿而罕
詞類次數:名詞(37)
原文字根:原始-是著 相當於: (נָשִׂיא) (סָרַר / שַׂר)
字義溯源:第一,首領,統治,君王,王,官長,有權位的,元首,臣宰,管理人;源自(ἄρχω)*=為首)。最奇特的一次譯為:元首( 啓1:5);那是指主耶穌是君王之元首,是基督,是彌賽亞
出現次數:總共(37);太(5);可(1);路(8);約(7);徒(11);羅(1);林前(2);弗(1);啓(1)
譯字彙編:
1) 官長(13) 路23:13; 路23:35; 路24:20; 約7:26; 約7:48; 約12:42; 徒3:17; 徒4:5; 徒4:8; 徒13:27; 徒14:5; 徒23:5; 羅13:3;
2) 王(7) 太9:34; 太12:24; 可3:22; 路11:15; 約12:31; 約14:30; 約16:11;
3) 首領(5) 路14:1; 徒7:27; 徒7:35; 徒16:19; 弗2:2;
4) 官(5) 太9:18; 太9:23; 路12:58; 路18:18; 約3:1;
5) 有權位的(1) 林前2:8;
6) 元首的(1) 啓1:5;
7) 有權位(1) 林前2:6;
8) 作首領(1) 徒7:35;
9) 君王(1) 太20:25;
10) 臣宰(1) 徒4:26;
11) 管理人(1) 路8:41
English (Woodhouse)
chief, governor, magistrate, official
Lexicon Thucydideum
is qui cum imperio est, praefectus, imperator, magistratus, one in command, prefect, commander, magistrate, 1.57.6, 1.62.2, 1.74.1, 1.95.6, 1.104.1, 1.115.5. 2.22.3, 2.88.1. 2.93.1, 3.7.1, 3.27.3, 3.30.1, 3.34.3. 3.52.2, 3.93.3. 3.109.2. 3.114.4. 4.31.2, 4.38.1. 4.39.2. 4.57.3, 4.67.3. 4.69.3. 4.73.4, 4.92.1. 4.123.4, 4.129.3. 4.132.3, 5.3.1. 5.3.2. 5.9.9, 5.20.2, 5.51.2. 5.56.1. 5.66.4, 6.32.1, 6.40.2, 6.91.4. 6.93.2, 7.2.1. 7.2.17.19.3. 7.19.4, 7.20.1. 7.25.1. 7.39.2, 7.73.3. 8.5.1. 8.8.2,
Ibid. Ibid. in the same place in the same place 8.10.2, 8.8.4. 8.11.3. 8.23.4, 8.24.1. 8.11.6. 8.28.5. 8.39.1. 8.28.2, 8.61.2. 8.92.5 [ubi vulgo where commonly ἀρχῶν]. 8.108.2, [Vat. Vatican manuscript ἄρχοντα]
Archon (Athenis), Archon (at Athens), 1.126.8, 1.126.82.2.1, 2.15.1, 5.19.1, 5.25.1, 6.54.6.
Translations
ruler
Afrikaans: heerser; Albanian: sundimtar; Arabic: حَاكِم; Egyptian Arabic: حاكم; Armenian: տիրակալ; Azerbaijani: hökmdar, hakim, hökmran; Bashkir: батша, хаким; Belarusian: праві́цель; Bengali: শাসক; Bulgarian: властелин, господар, владетел; Burmese: အုပ်ချုပ်သောသူ; Catalan: líder, governant; Cherokee: ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ; Chinese Mandarin: 統治者, 统治者; Czech: vládce; Danish: hersker; Dutch: heerser; Esperanto: regnestro; Estonian: riigivalitseja; Finnish: hallitsija; French: dirigeant, chef; Georgian: მმართველი; German: Herrscher; Gothic: 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃; Greek: κυβερνήτης; Ancient Greek: ἄρχων, ἡγεμών, ἀρχός; Haitian Creole: chèf; Hebrew: מַנְהִיג, שַׁלִּיט; Hindi: शासक; Hungarian: uralkodó; Indonesian: penguasa; Irish: rialtóir; Italian: sovrano; Japanese: 支配者, 知事, 統治者; Javanese: ratu; Kikuyu: mũthamaki Korean: 통치자(統治者); Kyrgyz: бий; Latgalian: vaļdinīks; Latin: tyrannus; Latvian: valdnieks; Lithuanian: valdovas; Macedonian: владетел; Malay: penguasa, pemerintah; Middle English: reuler, senyour; Mongolian Cyrillic: захирагч; Nahuatl: tecutli; Norwegian Bokmål: hersker, makthaver; Nynorsk: herskar, makthavar; Old Prussian: rikīs; Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣; Persian: حاکم, حکمران; Polish: władca; Portuguese: governante; Romanian: guvernant, domnitor; Russian: правитель, властелин, властитель, государь; Sanskrit: अधिप; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: вла̀да̄р, во̏ђа; Roman: vlàdār, vȍđa; Slovak: vládca; Spanish: gobernante; Swedish: härskare, ledare; Tagalog: naghahari; Tajik: ҳоким; Telugu: అధికారి; Tocharian B: kamartīke; Turkish: hükümdar; Ukrainian: правитель