νειός: Difference between revisions

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Sunt verba voces quibus hunc lenire dolorem possis, magnam morbi deponere partem → Words will avail the wretched mind to ease and much abate the dismal black disease.

Horace, Epistles 1.34
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|Transliteration C=neios
|Transliteration C=neios
|Beta Code=neio/s
|Beta Code=neio/s
|Definition=ἡ, also νεός X. (v. infr.), <span class="title">SIG</span>963.8 (Amorgos, iv B.C.), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">fallow-land</b>, νειοῖο βαθείης <span class="bibl">Il.10.353</span>; <b class="b3">ν. τρίπολος</b> a thrice-ploughed [[fallow]], <span class="bibl">18.541</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.127</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>971</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>175</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μὴ καρπίζεσθαι τὴν γῆν ἀλλὰ νειὸν ποιεῖν</b> [[rejuvenate]] it, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.8.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.8.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HP</span>8.7.2</span>; νειὸν ἄρουραν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>463</span>; of a mare, ἕνα ἐνιαυτὸν… ἀνάγκη διαλείπειν καὶ ποιεῖν ὥσπερ νειόν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>577a2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">ploughing and sowing</b> of land <b class="b2">to reinvigorate</b> it, νειὸς ἀμείνων ἡ χειμέριος τῆς ἐαρινῆς <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.6.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀρίστη νειὸς ἀπὸ τῶν κυάμων</b> prob. cj. ib.<span class="bibl">8.7.2</span>; εἰς νειὸν ἀροῦν <span class="title">Gp.</span>3.6.7, 3.11.8; τῷ σπόρῳ νεὸν δεῖ ὑπεργάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.10</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>l. c.:—also νέα, ἡ, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.20.7</span>, <span class="title">IG</span> 22.334.17; also παρασκάψει τὴν γῆν νειάν <span class="title">SIG</span>963.46. (Cf. OSlav. [[njiva]] 'field'.)</span>
|Definition=ἡ, also νεός X. (v. infr.), <span class="title">SIG</span>963.8 (Amorgos, iv B.C.), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">fallow-land</b>, νειοῖο βαθείης <span class="bibl">Il.10.353</span>; <b class="b3">ν. τρίπολος</b> a thrice-ploughed [[fallow]], <span class="bibl">18.541</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.127</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>971</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>175</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μὴ καρπίζεσθαι τὴν γῆν ἀλλὰ νειὸν ποιεῖν</b> [[rejuvenate]] it, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.8.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.8.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HP</span>8.7.2</span>; νειὸν ἄρουραν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>463</span>; of a mare, ἕνα ἐνιαυτὸν… ἀνάγκη διαλείπειν καὶ ποιεῖν ὥσπερ νειόν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>577a2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">ploughing and sowing</b> of land [[to reinvigorate]] it, νειὸς ἀμείνων ἡ χειμέριος τῆς ἐαρινῆς <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.6.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀρίστη νειὸς ἀπὸ τῶν κυάμων</b> prob. cj. ib.<span class="bibl">8.7.2</span>; εἰς νειὸν ἀροῦν <span class="title">Gp.</span>3.6.7, 3.11.8; τῷ σπόρῳ νεὸν δεῖ ὑπεργάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.10</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>l. c.:—also νέα, ἡ, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.20.7</span>, <span class="title">IG</span> 22.334.17; also παρασκάψει τὴν γῆν νειάν <span class="title">SIG</span>963.46. (Cf. OSlav. [[njiva]] 'field'.)</span>
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">fallow field</b> (Hom., Hes., Call., Arist., Thphr.); on the meaning below.<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">νεός</b> (X., Amorgos IVa), <b class="b3">νειά</b> (Amorgos IVa), <b class="b3">νεά</b> or <b class="b3">νέα</b> (Thphr., Att. inscr.).<br />Derivatives: Besides, in meaning quite deviating, the adv. <b class="b3">νει-όθεν</b> <b class="b2">from below</b> (K 10, hell. poet.), <b class="b3">νει-όθε</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (poet. inscr. IIIp, Luc.), <b class="b3">νει-όθι</b> [[below]] (Φ 317, Hes. Th. 567, hell. poet.). -- Sup. <b class="b3">νείατος</b> (ep.), <b class="b3">νέατος</b>, Arc. <b class="b3">νήατος</b>, H. <b class="b3">νῆτος</b> [[most below]], [[utmost]] (Il.), after <b class="b3">ἔσχατος</b>, <b class="b3">πύματος</b>, cf. <b class="b3">μέσος</b> : <b class="b3">μέσατος</b>; f. <b class="b3">νεάτη</b> (Cratin., Pl.), contr. <b class="b3">νήτη</b> (Arist., Ptol.), sc. <b class="b3">χορδή</b> <b class="b2">the lowest string</b> (with the highest tone); <b class="b3">νειότατον κατώτατον</b> H.; also <b class="b3">νήϊστος</b> in <b class="b3">νήϊστα ἔσχατα</b>, <b class="b3">κατώτατα</b> H., prob also in <b class="b3">Νήϊσται</b> (Boeot. <b class="b3">-ϊτται</b>) <b class="b3">πύλαι</b> in Thebes (A. Th. 460, E. Ph. 1104). -- Fem. <b class="b3">νείαιρα</b> (<b class="b3">νέαιρα</b> Simon.) <b class="b2">the lowest</b>, as subst. (sc. <b class="b3">γαστήρ</b>) [[belly]], [[abdomen]] (Il., Hp., hell.), cf. <b class="b3">γέραιρα</b> a.o. (Chantraine Form. 104, 234; cf. also Benveniste Origines 112); contr. <b class="b3">νεῖρα</b> (A. Ag. 1479, E. Rh. 794 [readings not quite certain], H.), here m. <b class="b3">νειρός</b> (Lyc., H.) with f. <b class="b3">νειρη κοίλη κοιλία ἐσχάτη</b> H. (Schwyzer 475). Cf. on the whole Schwyzer 503. -- Denomin. <b class="b3">νεάω</b> <b class="b2">plough a fallow land</b> (Hes. Op. 462, com., Thphr.), early connected with <b class="b3">νέος</b> [[new]], if not even derived from it, cf. on <b class="b3">νέος</b>; <b class="b3">νεατός</b> m. <b class="b2">working of fallow land</b> (X. Oik. 7, 20; like <b class="b3">ἀλοατός</b>), <b class="b3">νέασις</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Thphr.) with <b class="b3">νεάσιμος</b> (Gloss.; Arbenz 87).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [312] <b class="b2">*ni-</b> <b class="b2">(be)low</b><br />Etymology: If <b class="b3">νειόθεν</b>, <b class="b3">νείατος</b>, <b class="b3">νείαιρα</b> are at all cognate with <b class="b3">νειός</b>, <b class="b3">νειός</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γῆ</b>, <b class="b3">χώρα</b>), it must have meant prop. *'lying low, lowlying plain'; the meaning <b class="b2">fallow land</b>, which is also possible for Homer, but not compulsory (rather [[field]], [[plain]] ?), could rest on the early connection with <b class="b3">νέος</b> [[new]]; cf. Lat. [[novalis]], <b class="b2">-e</b> <b class="b2">fallow land</b>. -- Except for the ending <b class="b3">νειός</b> < <b class="b3">*νειϜός</b> can be identical with a Slavic word fur [[field]], e.g. OCS [[njiva]] (with dark <b class="b2">nj-</b>), Russ. <b class="b2">níva</b> f., IE <b class="b2">*neiu̯ó-s</b> (Slav. <b class="b2">-ā</b> secondary); Fick BB 1, 335f., Schulze KZ 27, 603f. (= Kl. Schr. 373f.). If we separate a formantic <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>element, we can connect the IE adv. <b class="b2">*ni</b> [[low]] in Skt. <b class="b2">ní</b> etc.; here a.o. OHG <b class="b2">ni-dar</b> <b class="b2">to below</b>, OE [[neowol]] [[slanting]] from <b class="b2">*ni-wol</b> (cf. <b class="b3">νει-Ϝό-ς</b>). The writing <b class="b3">νη-</b> in <b class="b3">νήϊστος</b>, <b class="b3">νήατος</b> is not convincingly explained. As old lengthened grade, esp. in a superlative, is very improbable, the <b class="b3">η</b> must be secondary. Hypotheses in Seiler Steigerungsformen 110ff., esp. on <b class="b3">Νήϊται πύλαι</b>; s. also WP. 2, 335 (= Pok. 313: <b class="b3">η</b> = closed [[ē]] from <b class="b3">ει</b> before palat. vowel?). On the Slav. words s. also Vasmer s. <b class="b2">níva</b>, with other explanations. -- Cf. also [[νέατος]] s. [[νέος]].
|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[fallow field]] (Hom., Hes., Call., Arist., Thphr.); on the meaning below.<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">νεός</b> (X., Amorgos IVa), <b class="b3">νειά</b> (Amorgos IVa), <b class="b3">νεά</b> or <b class="b3">νέα</b> (Thphr., Att. inscr.).<br />Derivatives: Besides, in meaning quite deviating, the adv. <b class="b3">νει-όθεν</b> [[from below]] (K 10, hell. poet.), <b class="b3">νει-όθε</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (poet. inscr. IIIp, Luc.), <b class="b3">νει-όθι</b> [[below]] (Φ 317, Hes. Th. 567, hell. poet.). -- Sup. <b class="b3">νείατος</b> (ep.), <b class="b3">νέατος</b>, Arc. <b class="b3">νήατος</b>, H. <b class="b3">νῆτος</b> [[most below]], [[utmost]] (Il.), after <b class="b3">ἔσχατος</b>, <b class="b3">πύματος</b>, cf. <b class="b3">μέσος</b> : <b class="b3">μέσατος</b>; f. <b class="b3">νεάτη</b> (Cratin., Pl.), contr. <b class="b3">νήτη</b> (Arist., Ptol.), sc. <b class="b3">χορδή</b> <b class="b2">the lowest string</b> (with the highest tone); <b class="b3">νειότατον κατώτατον</b> H.; also <b class="b3">νήϊστος</b> in <b class="b3">νήϊστα ἔσχατα</b>, <b class="b3">κατώτατα</b> H., prob also in <b class="b3">Νήϊσται</b> (Boeot. <b class="b3">-ϊτται</b>) <b class="b3">πύλαι</b> in Thebes (A. Th. 460, E. Ph. 1104). -- Fem. <b class="b3">νείαιρα</b> (<b class="b3">νέαιρα</b> Simon.) [[the lowest]], as subst. (sc. <b class="b3">γαστήρ</b>) [[belly]], [[abdomen]] (Il., Hp., hell.), cf. <b class="b3">γέραιρα</b> a.o. (Chantraine Form. 104, 234; cf. also Benveniste Origines 112); contr. <b class="b3">νεῖρα</b> (A. Ag. 1479, E. Rh. 794 [readings not quite certain], H.), here m. <b class="b3">νειρός</b> (Lyc., H.) with f. <b class="b3">νειρη κοίλη κοιλία ἐσχάτη</b> H. (Schwyzer 475). Cf. on the whole Schwyzer 503. -- Denomin. <b class="b3">νεάω</b> <b class="b2">plough a fallow land</b> (Hes. Op. 462, com., Thphr.), early connected with <b class="b3">νέος</b> [[new]], if not even derived from it, cf. on <b class="b3">νέος</b>; <b class="b3">νεατός</b> m. <b class="b2">working of fallow land</b> (X. Oik. 7, 20; like <b class="b3">ἀλοατός</b>), <b class="b3">νέασις</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Thphr.) with <b class="b3">νεάσιμος</b> (Gloss.; Arbenz 87).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [312] <b class="b2">*ni-</b> <b class="b2">(be)low</b><br />Etymology: If <b class="b3">νειόθεν</b>, <b class="b3">νείατος</b>, <b class="b3">νείαιρα</b> are at all cognate with <b class="b3">νειός</b>, <b class="b3">νειός</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γῆ</b>, <b class="b3">χώρα</b>), it must have meant prop. *'lying low, lowlying plain'; the meaning [[fallow land]], which is also possible for Homer, but not compulsory (rather [[field]], [[plain]] ?), could rest on the early connection with <b class="b3">νέος</b> [[new]]; cf. Lat. [[novalis]], <b class="b2">-e</b> [[fallow land]]. -- Except for the ending <b class="b3">νειός</b> < <b class="b3">*νειϜός</b> can be identical with a Slavic word fur [[field]], e.g. OCS [[njiva]] (with dark <b class="b2">nj-</b>), Russ. <b class="b2">níva</b> f., IE <b class="b2">*neiu̯ó-s</b> (Slav. <b class="b2">-ā</b> secondary); Fick BB 1, 335f., Schulze KZ 27, 603f. (= Kl. Schr. 373f.). If we separate a formantic <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>element, we can connect the IE adv. <b class="b2">*ni</b> [[low]] in Skt. <b class="b2">ní</b> etc.; here a.o. OHG <b class="b2">ni-dar</b> [[to below]], OE [[neowol]] [[slanting]] from <b class="b2">*ni-wol</b> (cf. <b class="b3">νει-Ϝό-ς</b>). The writing <b class="b3">νη-</b> in <b class="b3">νήϊστος</b>, <b class="b3">νήατος</b> is not convincingly explained. As old lengthened grade, esp. in a superlative, is very improbable, the <b class="b3">η</b> must be secondary. Hypotheses in Seiler Steigerungsformen 110ff., esp. on <b class="b3">Νήϊται πύλαι</b>; s. also WP. 2, 335 (= Pok. 313: <b class="b3">η</b> = closed [[ē]] from <b class="b3">ει</b> before palat. vowel?). On the Slav. words s. also Vasmer s. <b class="b2">níva</b>, with other explanations. -- Cf. also [[νέατος]] s. [[νέος]].
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{{mdlsj
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Revision as of 22:30, 30 June 2020

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: νειός Medium diacritics: νειός Low diacritics: νειός Capitals: ΝΕΙΟΣ
Transliteration A: neiós Transliteration B: neios Transliteration C: neios Beta Code: neio/s

English (LSJ)

ἡ, also νεός X. (v. infr.), SIG963.8 (Amorgos, iv B.C.),

   A fallow-land, νειοῖο βαθείης Il.10.353; ν. τρίπολος a thrice-ploughed fallow, 18.541, Od.5.127, Hes.Th.971, cf. Call.Dian.175, etc.; μὴ καρπίζεσθαι τὴν γῆν ἀλλὰ νειὸν ποιεῖν rejuvenate it, Thphr.CP4.8.1, cf. 4.8.3, HP8.7.2; νειὸν ἄρουραν Hes.Op.463; of a mare, ἕνα ἐνιαυτὸν… ἀνάγκη διαλείπειν καὶ ποιεῖν ὥσπερ νειόν Arist.HA577a2.    2 ploughing and sowing of land to reinvigorate it, νειὸς ἀμείνων ἡ χειμέριος τῆς ἐαρινῆς Thphr.HP8.6.3; ἡ ἀρίστη νειὸς ἀπὸ τῶν κυάμων prob. cj. ib.8.7.2; εἰς νειὸν ἀροῦν Gp.3.6.7, 3.11.8; τῷ σπόρῳ νεὸν δεῖ ὑπεργάζεσθαι X.Oec.16.10, cf. SIGl. c.:—also νέα, ἡ, Thphr.CP3.20.7, IG 22.334.17; also παρασκάψει τὴν γῆν νειάν SIG963.46. (Cf. OSlav. njiva 'field'.)

German (Pape)

[Seite 237] ἡ, eigtl. ion. = νέος, sc. γῆ, wie auch Hes. sagt νειὸν ἄρουραν σπείρειν, O. 465, die Brache, das Land, welches eine Weile unbenutzt gelegen hat u. neu aufgebrochen, frisch gepflügt wird, novale, νειὸν μαλακὴν τρίπολον, Il. 18, 541, weiches, dreimal gepflügtes Brachland; βαθεῖα, 10, 353. 18, 547 u. öfter; Hes. Th. 971; auch Theophr.; D. Hal. 10, 17 u. a. Sp.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

νειός: ἡ, Λατ. novale, νέα γῆ, δηλ. χωράφιον ἐκ νέου ἀροθὲν ἀφ’ οὗ ἔμεινεν ἐπὶ χρόνον τινὰ ἀγεώργητον, «νειάμα», νειοῖο βαθείης Ἰλ. Κ. 353· νειὸς τρίπολος, τρὶς ἀροθεὶς νειός, τρεῖς φορὰς ἀροτριασθὲν «νειάμα», Σ. 541, Ὀδ. Ε. 127, Ἡσ. Θ. 971, Θεοφρ. π. Φυτ. Ἱστ. 8. 7, 2· ὡσαύτως νειὸν δὲ σπείρειν ἔτι κουφίζουσαν ἄρουραν, «σπεῖρε δὲ τὴν νεαθεῖσαν γῆν καὶ ἔτι κούφην οὖσαν καὶ μὴ συμπιληθεῖσαν καὶ στερεωθεῖσαν, ἀλλὰ σπογγώδη» (Τζέτζ.), Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 461· ― ἐπὶ θηλείας ἵππου, ἕνα ἐνιαυτόν... ἀνάγκη διαλείπειν καὶ ποιεῖν ὥσπερ νειὸν Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 6. 22, 16· ― παρ’ Ἀττ. καὶ νεός, ἡ, Ξεν. Οἰκ. 16, 10, Θεοφρ. π. Φυτ. Αἰτ. 3. 20, 7 (κοινῶς νέαις), 4. 8, 3 (κοινῶς τοὺς νέους)· ― Καθ’ Ἡσύχ.: «νειός· κυρίως μὲν ἡ νεωστὶ μεταβεβλημένη γῆ, τουτέστιν ἠροτριαμένη· νέα γὰρ φαίνεται» κτλ.

French (Bailly abrégé)

οῦ;
adj. f.
renouvelé, particul. nouvellement façonné ou labouré ; ἡ νειός (γῆ) terre nouvellement labourée en jachère.
Étymologie: νέος.
Par. νεατός.

English (Autenrieth)

(νέος): sc. γῆ, new land, fallow land, newly ploughed after having lain fallow; thrice ploughed, after such rest, in Il. 18.541, Od. 5.137.

Greek Monolingual

νειός, ἡ (ΑΜ, Α και νεός και νέα)
1. αγρός ο οποίος οργώθηκε και πάλι, αφού παρέμεινε χέρσος για λίγο χρόνο με σκοπό την ενδυνάμωση της γης, νιάμα («αἴτιον τοῦ θᾱττον ἐκτελοῡν καὶ μὴ καρπίζεσθαι τἠν γῆν, ἀλλὰ νειὸν ποιεῑν», Θεόφρ.)
2. η άροση, το όργωμα και ιδίως η ειδική σπορά αγρού για αναζωογόνησή του
αρχ.
θηλυκό άλογο που αφέθηκε ανόχευτο για έναν χρόνο.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Ανάγεται σε ΙΕ τ. neiwos, όν. που θεωρείται παρ. ενός ΙΕ επιρρ. ni «χαμηλά, κάτω». Επομένως, νειός < νειFός. Συνδέεται με αρχ. σλαβ. niva, σερβοκροατ. njiva και ρωσ. niva, όλα με σημ. «αγρός, καλλιεργημένη γη». Ενωρίς επήλθε σύγχυση μεταξύ των οικογενειών του νειός και του νέος (πρβλ. νέατος, νεώ)].

Greek Monotonic

νειός: ἡ, Λατ. novāle, νέα γη, δηλ. αγρός που οργώθηκε εκ νέου αφού είχε παραμείνει για ορισμένο χρονικό διάστημα χέρσος, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· νειὸς τρίπολος, χέρσα γη που οργώθηκε από την αρχή τρεις φορές, σε Όμηρ.· στην Αττ. επίσης, νεός, , σε Ξεν.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

νειός: II ἡ поле под паром, новина, тж. пашня Hom., Hes.
οῦ adj. f вновь распаханная (ἄρουρα Hes.).

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: fallow field (Hom., Hes., Call., Arist., Thphr.); on the meaning below.
Other forms: also νεός (X., Amorgos IVa), νειά (Amorgos IVa), νεά or νέα (Thphr., Att. inscr.).
Derivatives: Besides, in meaning quite deviating, the adv. νει-όθεν from below (K 10, hell. poet.), νει-όθε id. (poet. inscr. IIIp, Luc.), νει-όθι below (Φ 317, Hes. Th. 567, hell. poet.). -- Sup. νείατος (ep.), νέατος, Arc. νήατος, H. νῆτος most below, utmost (Il.), after ἔσχατος, πύματος, cf. μέσος : μέσατος; f. νεάτη (Cratin., Pl.), contr. νήτη (Arist., Ptol.), sc. χορδή the lowest string (with the highest tone); νειότατον κατώτατον H.; also νήϊστος in νήϊστα ἔσχατα, κατώτατα H., prob also in Νήϊσται (Boeot. -ϊτται) πύλαι in Thebes (A. Th. 460, E. Ph. 1104). -- Fem. νείαιρα (νέαιρα Simon.) the lowest, as subst. (sc. γαστήρ) belly, abdomen (Il., Hp., hell.), cf. γέραιρα a.o. (Chantraine Form. 104, 234; cf. also Benveniste Origines 112); contr. νεῖρα (A. Ag. 1479, E. Rh. 794 [readings not quite certain], H.), here m. νειρός (Lyc., H.) with f. νειρη κοίλη κοιλία ἐσχάτη H. (Schwyzer 475). Cf. on the whole Schwyzer 503. -- Denomin. νεάω plough a fallow land (Hes. Op. 462, com., Thphr.), early connected with νέος new, if not even derived from it, cf. on νέος; νεατός m. working of fallow land (X. Oik. 7, 20; like ἀλοατός), νέασις f. id. (Thphr.) with νεάσιμος (Gloss.; Arbenz 87).
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [312] *ni- (be)low
Etymology: If νειόθεν, νείατος, νείαιρα are at all cognate with νειός, νειός (sc. γῆ, χώρα), it must have meant prop. *'lying low, lowlying plain'; the meaning fallow land, which is also possible for Homer, but not compulsory (rather field, plain ?), could rest on the early connection with νέος new; cf. Lat. novalis, -e fallow land. -- Except for the ending νειός < *νειϜός can be identical with a Slavic word fur field, e.g. OCS njiva (with dark nj-), Russ. níva f., IE *neiu̯ó-s (Slav. secondary); Fick BB 1, 335f., Schulze KZ 27, 603f. (= Kl. Schr. 373f.). If we separate a formantic u̯o-element, we can connect the IE adv. *ni low in Skt. ní etc.; here a.o. OHG ni-dar to below, OE neowol slanting from *ni-wol (cf. νει-Ϝό-ς). The writing νη- in νήϊστος, νήατος is not convincingly explained. As old lengthened grade, esp. in a superlative, is very improbable, the η must be secondary. Hypotheses in Seiler Steigerungsformen 110ff., esp. on Νήϊται πύλαι; s. also WP. 2, 335 (= Pok. 313: η = closed ē from ει before palat. vowel?). On the Slav. words s. also Vasmer s. níva, with other explanations. -- Cf. also νέατος s. νέος.

Middle Liddell

νειός,
Lat. novale, new land, i. e. land ploughed up anew after being left fallow, fallow-land, Il.; νειὸς τρίπολος a thrice-ploughed fallow, Hom.: in attic also νεός, Xen.

Frisk Etymology German

νειός: (Hom., Hes., Kall., Arist., Thphr. u.a.),
{neiós}
Forms: auch νεός (X., Amorgos IVa), νειά (Amorgos IVa), νεά od. νέα (Thphr., att. Inschr.)
Grammar: f.
Meaning: Brachfeld, Brachland; zur Bed. unten.
Derivative: Daneben, in der Bed. ganz abweichend, die Adv. νειόθεν ‘von unten (Κ 10, hell. Dicht.), νειόθε ib. (poet. Inschr. IIIp, Luk.), νειόθι unten (Φ 317, Hes. Th. 567, hell. Dicht.). — Sup. νείατος (ep.), νέατος, ark. νήατος, H. νῆτος unterster, äußerster (vorw. ep. poet. seit Il.), nach ἔσχατος, πύματος, vgl. μέσος : μέσατος; f. νεάτη (Kratin., Pl.), kontr. νήτη (Arist., Ptol. usw.), sc. χορδή die unterste Saite (mit der höchsten Tonhöhe); νειότατον· κατώτατον H.; auch νήϊστος in νήϊστα· ἔσχατα, κατώτατα H., wohl auch in Νήϊσται (böot. -ϊτται) πύλαι in Theben (A. Th. 460, E. Ph. 1104). — Fem. νείαιρα (νέαιρα Simon.) die unterste, unten befindlich, als Subst. (sc. γαστήρ) Unterleib (Il., Hp., hell. Dicht.), vgl. γέραιρα u.a. (Chantraine Form. 104, 234; vgl. noch Benveniste Origines 112); kontr. νεῖρα (A. Ag. 1479, E. Rh. 794 [Lesungen nicht ganz sicher], H.), dazu m. νειρός (Lyk., H.) mit f. νειρὴ κοίλη· κοιλία ἐσχάτη H. (Schwyzer 475). Vgl. zum ganzen Schwyzer 503. — Denominativum νεάω ein Brachfeld bestellen, brachen (Hes. Op. 462, Kom., Thphr.), schon früh auf νέος neu bezogen, wenn nicht sogar davon gebildet, vgl. zu νέος; davon νεατός m. Bestellung des Brachfeldes (X. Oik. 7, 20; wie ἀλοατός), νέασις f. ib. (Thphr.) mit νεάσιμος (Gloss.; Arbenz 87).
Etymology : Wenn νειόθεν, νείατος, νείαιρα mit νειός überhaupt verwandt sind, muß νειός (sc. γῆ, χώρα) eig. *’unten belegen(e), niedrig(e Ebene)’ bedeutet haben; die Bed. Brachfeld, die auch für Homer möglich, aber nicht zwingend ist (eher Feld, Flur ?), konnte auf der früh eingetretenen Anlehnung an νέος neu beruhen; vgl. lat. novalis, -e Brachland. — Bis auf den Ausgang kann νειός aus *νειϝός mit einem slavischen Wort für Feld, Acker, Flur, z.B. aksl. njiva (mit dunklem nj-), russ. níva f. identisch sein, idg. *neiu̯ó-s (slav. -ā sekundär); Fick BB 1, 335f., Schulze KZ 27, 603f. (= Kl. Schr. 373f.). Bei Abtrennung eines formantischen u̯o-Elements ergibt sich Anschluß an das idg. Adv. *ni nieder in aind. usw.; dazu u.a. ahd. ni-dar niederwärts, ags. neowol abschüssig aus *ni-wol (vgl. νειϝός). Die Schreibung νη- in νήϊστος, νήατος ist nicht befriedigend erklärt. Da alte Dehn stufe, zumal in einem Superlativ, sehr unwahrscheinlich ist, muß η sekundär sein. Hypothesen bei Seiler Steigerungsformen 110ff., besonders zu Νήϊται πύλαι; s. auch WP. 2, 335 (= Pok. 313: η = geschlossenes ē aus ει vor palat. Vokal?). Zu den slav. Wörtern s. noch Vasmer s. níva, wo auch andere Erklärungen besprochen werden. — Vgl. noch νέατος s. νέος.
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