absolvo

Latin > English

absolvo absolvere, absolvi, absolutus V TRANS :: free (bonds), release; acquit; vote for/secure acquittal; pay off; sum up

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

ab-solvo: vi, ūtum, 3, v. a.,
I to loosen from, to make loose, set free, detach, untie (usu. trop., the fig. being derived from fetters, qs. a vinculis solvere, like vinculis exsolvere, Plaut. Truc. 3, 4, 10).
I Lit. (so very rare): canem ante tempus, Amm. 29, 3: asinum, App. M. 6, p. 184; cf.: cum nodo cervicis absolutum, id. ib. 9, p. 231: valvas stabuli, i. e. to open, id. ib. 1, p. 108 fin.: absoluta lingua (ranarum) a gutture, loosed, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172.
II Trop.
   A To release from a long story, to let one off quickly: Paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius, Pac. ap. Diom. p. 395 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 98 Rib.); so, te absolvam brevi, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 30.
   B To dismiss by paying, to pay off: absolve hunc vomitum ... quattuor quadraginta illi debentur minae, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; so Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 13 and 18.—Hence, in gen., to dismiss, to release: jam hosce absolutos censeas, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43; and ironic., id. Capt. 3, 5, 73.
   C To free from (Ciceronian): ut nec Roscium stipulatione alliget, neque a Fannio judicio se absolvat, extricate or free himself from a lawsuit, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12: longo bello, Tac. A. 4, 23: caede hostis se absolvere, to absolve or clear one's self by murdering an enemy, id. G. 31.—With gen.: tutelae, Dig. 4, 8, 3; hence,
   D In judicial lang., t. t., to absolve from a charge, to acquit, declare innocent; constr. absol., with abl., gen., or de (Zumpt, § 446; Rudd. 2, 164 sq.): bis absolutus, Cic. Pis. 39: regni suspicione, Liv. 2, 8: judex absolvit injuriarum eum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29 al.: de praevaricatione absolutus, id. Q. Fr. 2, 16.—In Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 22: hic (Dionem) Veneri absolvit, sibi condemnat, are dativi commodi: from the obligation to Venus he absolves him, but condemns him to discharge that to himself (Verres).—With an abstract noun: fidem absolvit, he acquitted them of their fidelity (to Otho), pardoned it, Tac. H. 2, 60.
   E In technical lang., to bring a work to a close, to complete, finish (without denoting intrinsic excellence, like perficere; the fig. is prob. derived from detaching a finished web from the loom; cf.: rem dissolutam divulsamque, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 188).—So of the sacrificial cake: liba absoluta (as taken from the pan), ready, Varr. R. R. 2, 8; but esp. freq. in Cic.: ut pictor nemo esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles inchoatam reliquisset, absolveret, Cic. Off. 3, 2 (cf. Suet. Claud. 3); id. Leg. 1, 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 45; cf. id. Fin. 2, 32, 105; id. Fam. 1, 9, 4; id. Att. 13, 19 al.—So in Sallust repeatedly, both with acc. and de, of an historical statement, to bring to a conclusion, to relate: cetera quam paucissumis absolvam, J. 17, 2: multa paucis, Cic. Fragm. Hist. 1, n. 2: de Catilinae conjuratione paucis absolvam, id. Cat. 4, 3; cf.: nunc locorum situm, quantum ratio sinit, absolvam, Amm. 23, 6.— Hence, absŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., brought to a conclusion, finished, ended, complete (cf. absolvo, E.).
   A In gen.: nec appellatur vita beata nisi confecta atque absoluta, when not completed and concluded, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 87; cf.: perfecte absolutus, id. ib. 4, 7, 18; and: absolutus et perfectus per se, id. Part. Or. 26, 94 al.—Comp., Quint. 1, 1, 37.—Sup., Auct. ad Her. 2, 18, 28; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 74; Tac. Or. 5 al.—
   B Esp.
   1    In rhet. lang., unrestricted, unconditional, absolute: hoc mihi videor videre, esse quasdam cum adjunctione necessitudines, quasdam simplices et absolutas, Cic. Inv. 2, 57, 170.—
   2    In gram.
   a Nomen absolutum, which gives a complete sense without any thing annexed, e. g.: deus, Prisc. p. 581 P.—
   b Verbum absolutum, in Prisc. p. 795 P., that has no case with it; in Diom. p. 333 P., opp. inchoativum.—
   c Adjectivum absolutum, which stands in the positive, Quint. 9, 3, 19.—Adv.: absŏlūtē, fully, perfectly, completely (syn. perfecte), distinctly, unrestrictedly, absolutely, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38; 5, 18, 53; id. Fin. 3, 7, 26; id. Top. 8, 34 al.—Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 15.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

absolvō,⁸ solvī, sŏlūtum, ĕre, tr.
1 détacher, délier : Apul. M. 9, 22 ; 11, 16, etc. || dégager : vinclis absoluti Tac. Ann. 12, 37, dégagés de leurs fers ; lingua absoluta a gutture Plin. 11, 172, langue détachée du gosier
2 dégager, laisser libre : te absolvam brevi Pl. Epid. 466, je t’expédierai promptement, j’en aurai vite fait avec toi, cf. Aul. 520 ; Ps. 1231
3 dégager de, délier de : ab aliquo se absolvere Cic. Com. 36, se libérer au regard de qqn ; aliquem cura Sall. Macr. 19, débarrasser qqn d’un souci || [en part.] absolvere aliquem Pl. Most. 652, payer qqn, cf. Epid. 631 ; Ter. Ad. 277
4 acquitter, absoudre : Cic. Clu. 105 ; Tusc. 1, 98 ; Verr. 2, 2, 74 ; omnibus sententiis absolvi Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 100, être acquitté à l’unanimité des suffrages || majestatis absolvi Cic. Clu. 116, être acquitté du chef de lèse-majesté ; capitis Nep. Milt. 7, 6, d’une accusation capitale, cf. Paus. 2, 6 ; improbitatis Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 72, être absous du grief de malhonnêteté, cf. Tac. Ann. 3, 38 ; 4, 13 ; 13, 30 || ambitu Cic. Cæl. 78, être absous du chef de brigue ; crimine Liv. 8, 22, 3, d’une accusation, cf. Tac. Ann. 1, 74 ; 13, 21 ; aliquem suspicione regni Liv. 2, 8, 1, absoudre quelqu’un du soupçon d’aspirer à la royauté || de prævaricatione absolutus Cic. Q. 2, 16, 3, absous du chef de prévarication || aliquem peccato Liv. 1, 58, 10, absoudre qqn d’une faute ; se absolvere Sen. Ira 1, 14, 3, s’absoudre ; fidem Tac. H. 2, 60, absoudre la fidélité, cf. Sen. Ben. 3, 6, 2
5 achever : des labours, un édifice, un sanctuaire] Varro R. 1, 32, 1 ; Cic. Off. 3, 33 ; Att. 12, 19, 1 ; Catone absoluto Cic. Or. 35, mon Caton [de Senectute ] étant achevé ; absolvi beata vita sapientis non potest Cic. Fin. 2, 105, la vie heureuse du sage ne peut se parachever || paucis verum absolvere Sall. C. 38, 3, dire toute la vérité en peu de mots, cf. J. 17, 2 ; Liv. 33, 12, 2 || abs^t], achever un développement, un exposé : uno verbo Pl. Rud. 653, dire tout d’un mot ; de Catilinæ conjuratione paucis Sall. C. 4, 3, sur la conjuration de Catilina faire un exposé complet en peu de mots.

Latin > German (Georges)

ab-solvo, solvī, solūtum, ere, ablösen, loslösen, losmachen, I) eig.: asinum, Apul.: canem ante tempus, Amm.: valvas, los- od. aufmachen, Apul.: ranis prima (lingua) cohaeret, intima absoluta a gutture, Plin.: absolutus (lapis) segmenti modo, Plin. – II) übtr., losmachen, 1) befreien, a) übh.: se a Fannio iudicio (durch einen Urteilsspruch), Ggstz. alligare stipulatione Roscium, Cic.; vgl. iudicio absolvi a Fannio, Cic.: alqm regni suspicione, Liv.: v. Lebl., is demum annus populum Romanum longo adversum Numidam Tacfarinatem bello absolvit, Tac. – m. Genet., timoris, Sen.: tutelae absolvi, der V. enthoben werden, ICt. – anulum velut vinculum gestat, donec se caede hostis absolvat, bis er sich durch Erlegung eines Feindes davon befreit, Tac. Germ. 31. – b) vor Gericht usw., lossprechen, freisprechen (Ggstz. damnare, condemnare, punire), absol., m. Genet., Abl. u.m. de u. Abl., bis Catilina absolutus, Cic.: servus omnibus sententiis (einstimmig) absolvitur, Cic.: eādem formulā et damnari et absolvi, Val. Max.: rei facti egregie absolvuntur, Liv.: improbitatis, Cic.: capitis, Nep.: iniuriarum, Conif. rhet.: adulterii, Tac.: alqm commotae crimine mentis, Hor.: alqm crimine stupratae matris familiae, Liv.: reos culpā, Ov.: se peccato, Liv.: de praevaricatione, Cic. – absolvit Veneri, spricht ihn davon los, daß er der Venus und ihrem Tempel noch etwas schuldig sei, Cic. Verr. 2, 22: fidem absolvit, verzieh ihnen ihre Treue, Tac. hist. 2, 60. – 2) jmd. loslassen, entlassen, abfertigen, expedieren (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 727. Lorenz Plaut. most. 637), hoc primum te absolvo, das sage ich dir gleich vorweg, Plaut.: te absolvam brevi, Plaut. – insbes.: α) einen Gläubiger abfertigen, befriedigen, bezahlen (s. Lorenz Plaut. most. 637), alqm, Plaut. u. Ter.: creditorem, ICt. – β) erzählend abmachen, abfertigen, paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius, Pacuv. fr.: de Catilinae coniuratione paucis absolvam, Sall.: cetera quam paucissimis absolvam, Sall.: uno verbo absolvam, Plaut.: locorum situm carptim breviterque absolvam, Amm. (vg. M. Hertz Ind. lectt. Vrat. 1874. p. 11). – dah. m. folg. Acc. u. Infinit. = die kurze Notiz geben, damit abfertigen, Solin. 2, 11. – γ) eine Frage lösen, scripturarum quaestiones, Sulp. Sev. vit. s. Mart. 25, 6: m. folg. Relativsatz, quod quaerendum mihi occurrit, Macr. sat. 7, 6, 12. – dah. auch einen Traum auslegen, deuten, somnium, Sulp. Sev. chron. 1, 11, 6: visa regis, ibid.2, 2, 4. – 3) prägn., gleichs. abfertigen = fertig machen, vollenden, zu hoher Vollendung bringen (Ggstz. inchoare), tectum, Cic.: opera, Caes.: tecta urbis, Curt.: pensum suum (v. Schriftstellern), Varr.: unum quidque transigere (abtun), expedire (erledigen), absolvere (abfertigen), Cic.: eos (dialogos) confeci et absolvi nescio quam bene, sed ita accurate, ut nihil posset supra, Cic.: quid est quod ab eo absolvi et perfici debeat? Cic.: absolve beneficium tuum, vollende, kröne dein Verdienst, Liv.: promissa, erfüllen, Varr.

Latin > Chinese

absolvo, is, vi, olutum, olvere. 3. :: 解開。 鐃恕。完。— eum 聽其自往。Fuit praevaricationis vel de praevaricatione absolutus 免罪。斷爲無罪。— creditorem 代人償債。— paucis 簡短说完。— se 自刎以免案。