lingua
ἐξ ὀνύχων λέοντα τεκμαίρεσθαι → judge by the claws, judge by a slight but characteristic mark, small traits give the clue to the character of a person, deduce something from a small indication, identify a lion from its claws
Latin > English
lingua linguae N F :: tongue; speech, language; dialect
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
lingua: (ante-class. form dingua, like dagrima for lacrima, Mar. Victorin. p. 2457 and 2470 P.; cf. the letter D), ae, f. Sanscr. jihvā; original Lat. form. dingua; A. -S. tunga; Germ. Zunge; Engl. tongue. Not from the root lih, lich, v. lingo,
I the tongue.
I Lit.: fac proserpentem bestiam me duplicem ut habeam linguam (of a kiss in which the tongues touched each other), Plaut. As. 3, 3, 105: lingua haeret metu, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 7: in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149: linguā haesitantes, id. de Or. 1, 25, 115: linguā properanti legere, Ov. P. 3, 5, 9: linguā titubante loqui, id. Tr. 3, 1, 21: quo facilius verba ore libero exprimeret, calculos lingua volvens dicere domi solebat (Demosthenes), Quint. 11, 3, 54: linguam exserere, to thrust out the tongue, in token of derision or contempt, Liv. 7, 10: so, lingua ejecta, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266: lingua minor, the epiglottis, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 175.—Comically, as mock term of endearment: hujus voluptas, te opsecro, hujus mel, hujus cor, hujus labellum, hujus lingua, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 178; cf. v. 175.—In mal. part.: homo malae linguae, a fellow with a bad tongue, i. q. fellator, Mart. 3, 80, 2; Min. Fel. Oct. 28.—
II Transf.
A Since the tongue is an organ of speech, a tongue, utterance, speech, language: largus opum, lingua melior, Verg. A. 11, 338: facilem benevolumque lingua tua jam tibi me reddidit, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35: non tu tibi istam praetruncari linguam largiloquam jubes? Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 47: Latium beare divite linguā, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120: lingua quasi flabello seditionis contionem ventilare, Cic. Fl. 23, 54: linguam continere, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13: tenere, Ov. F. 2, 602: moderari, Sall. J. 84: linguae solutio, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114: linguam solvere ad jurgia, Ov. M. 3, 261: quidam operarii linguā celeri et exercitatā, Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 83: ut vitemus linguas hominum, id. Fam. 9, 2, 2: Aetolorum linguas retundere, to check their tongues, bring them to silence, Liv. 33, 3; cf.: claudente noxarum conscientiā linguam, Amm. 16, 12, 61: si mihi lingua foret, Ov. H. 21, 205: ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro, Verg. E. 7, 28: favete linguis, i. e. give attention, "be silent that you may hear," Hor. C. 3, 1, 2; Ov. F. 1, 71: linguis animisque faventes, Juv. 12, 83: nam lingua mali pars pessima servi, id. 9, 121: mercedem imponere linguae, i. e. to speak for pay, id. 7, 149: usum linguae reciperare, Amm. 17, 12, 10: linguā debili esse, to stammer, Gell. 1, 12, 2.—Comically: os habeat, linguam, perfidiam, tongue, i. e. readiness in speech, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 33. —
2 The tongue or language of a people: lingua Latina, Graeca, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10: Graeca et Latina lingua, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6: (Massilia) tam procul a Graecorum regionibus, disciplinis linguāque divisa, Cic. Fl. 26, 63: quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, ut, etc., id. Or. 44, 150: Gallicae linguae scientiam habere, Caes. B. G. 1, 47: qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli, appellantur, id. ib. 1, 1: dissimili linguā, Sall. C. 6, 2: linguā utrāque, i. e. Greek and Latin, Hor. S. 1, 10, 23; so, auctores utriusque linguae, Quint. prooem. 1; 1, 1, 14: Mithridates, cui duas et viginti linguas notas fuisse, id. 11, 2, 50: haud rudis Graecae linguae, Curt. 5, 11, 4; 5, 4, 4; Nep. Milt. 3, 2: Syrus in Tiberim Orontes et linguam et mores vexit, Juv. 3, 63.—
b Dialect, idiom, mode of speech (post-Aug.): illis non verborum modo, sed. linguarum etiam se inter differentium copia est. Quint. 12, 10, 34: Crassus quinque Graeci sermonis differentias sic tenuit, ut, qua quisque apud eum linguā postulasset, eadem jus sibi redditum ferret, id. 11, 2, 50: utar enim historicā linguā, Sen. Q. N. 1, 13, 3: si philosophorum linguā uti voluissem, id. ib. 2, 2, 4.—
3 Poet. of animals. the voice, note, song, bark, etc.: linguae volucrum, Verg. A. 3, 361; 10, 177: linguam praecludere (canis), Phaedr. 1, 22, 5.—
4 An utterance, expression: lingua secretior, a dark saying, Quint. 1, 1, 35.—
B Of tongue-shaped things.
1 A plant, also called lingulaca, Plin. 24, 19, 108, § 170.—
2 Lingua bubula, a plant, oxtongue, bugloss, Cato, R. R. 40; Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 112.—
3 Lingua canina, Cels. 5, 27, 18 init.; and lingua canis, App. Herb. 96, the plant hound's-tongue, also called cynoglossos; q. v.—
4 A tongue of land: id promontorium, Cujus lingua in altum proicit, Pac. ap. Gell. 4, 17 fin.: lingua in altum mille passuum excurrens, Liv. 37, 31, 9; Weissenb. ad Liv. 25, 15, 12: eminet in altum lingua, in qua urbs sita est, Liv. 44, 11: tenuem producit in aequora linguam, Luc. 2, 614; cf.: lingua dicitur promontorii genus non excellentis sed molliter in planum devexi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—
5 A spoonful, as a measure, Plin. 26, 11, 73, § 119 (al. lingulis).—
6 The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 84.—
7 The short arm of a lever: vectis lingua sub onus subdita, Vitr. 10, 8 (cf. ligula, VII.).
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
lingua,⁸ æ, f. (anct dingua Mar. Vict. Ars Gramm. 1, 4, p. 26, 2 ; ),
1 la langue : Cic. Nat. 2, 149 ; lingua hæsitare Cic. de Or. 1, 115, parler avec difficulté, avoir la langue embarrassée ; ejectā linguā Cic. de Or. 2, 266, tirant la langue
2 langue, parole, langage : linguam continere Cic. Q. 1, 1, 38, tenir sa langue, se taire ; operarii lingua celeri et exercitata Cic. de Or. 1, 83, des manœuvres à la langue agile et exercée ; linguas hominum vitare Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2, éviter les propos du monde
3 langue d’un peuple : Latina, Græca Cic. Fin. 1, 10 ; utraque lingua Hor. S. 1, 10, 23, les deux langues [grec et latin] || dialecte, idiome : Quint. 12, 10, 34, etc. ; Sen. Ep. 77, 14 ; [poét.] linguæ volucrum Virg. En. 3, 361, le langage des oiseaux
4 façon de parler : interpretatio linguæ secretioris Quint. 1, 1, 36, interprétation des expressions un peu plus rares
5 [métaph.] : a) plantes diverses : = lingulaca Plin. 24, 70 ; lingua bubula Cato Agr. 40, 4 ; Plin. 17, 112, buglosse ; canina Cels. Med. 5, 27, 18, cynoglosse ; b) langue de terre : Liv. 44, 11, 3 ; Luc. 2, 614 ; c) petit bout du levier : Vitr. Arch. 10, 3, 2 ; d) biseau d’une flûte : Plin. 10, 84.
Latin > German (Georges)
lingua, ae, f. (altlat. dingua, s. Mar. Victorin. 1, 4, 9. p. 9, 17 K. u. 1, 5, 109. p. 26, 2 K., gotisch tuggō, ahd. zunga), die Zunge, I) eig. u. meton.: A) eig.: linguā carens, zungenlos, ohne Z., Amm.: prima lingua, die Spitze der Z., Plin.: exserere linguas (v. Schlangen), Solin.: linguam ab irrisu exserere, Liv.: linguam exsertare, Cl. Quadrig. bei Gell.: linguam protendere, lang heraushängen lassen (wie die Hunde), Hieron.: linguam eicere, Cic.: linguā lambere vulnera, Ov., pueros (v. einer Wölfin), Liv.: linguā pannorum suturas lambere (v. der Nähterin), Cael. Aur.: linguā properante legere, Ov.: lingua balbutit, Hieron. (u. so balbutiens lingua, Cod. Iust.): linguā titubante alqd loqui, Ov.: abscīdere linguam, Suet.: dentibus abscīdere linguam, abbeißen, Val. Max.: praecīdere linguam alci, Plaut., linguam alcis, Amm.: lingua est sermonis ministra et manus, Lact.: si decem habeas linguas, mutum esse addecet, Plaut. Bacch. 128: non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, non mihi si linguae centum sint oraque centum, Verg. georg. 2, 43 (u. so centum linguae bei Verg. Aen. 6, 625. Ov. met. 8, 533. Hostii fr. bei Macr. sat. 6, 3, 6): fama vero, quae mille, ut aiunt, linguis rerum mire exaggerat fidem, Amm. 21, 9, 3: non mihi dentur si mille linguae, Prisc. praef. laud. Anastas. – im obsz. Sinne, homo malae linguae = fellator, Mart. 3, 80, 2. – B) meton.: 1) die Zunge = das Reden, die Rede, die Sprache, die Worte, commercia linguae, Ov.: lingua astricta mercede, Cic.: lingua mala, Behexung, Beschreiung, Verg.: magica, Zauberworte, Ov.: historica, Sen.: philosophorum, Sen.: lingua secretior, dunklere Sprache, Quint.: potentium vatum, Gesang, Hor.: linguae usum recuperare, die Sprache wiedergewinnen (bekommen), Amm.: favete linguis, schweigt, Hor.: linguam tenere, schweigen, Ov.: linguam diligentissime continere (im Zaume halten), Cic. (u. so petulans non linguam, non manum continet, Sen.): linguam acuere et procudere, der Z. Bildung u. Form geben, Cic.: vitemus linguas hominum, Cic.: est malae linguae, sie hat eine böse Z., Petron.: u. so malam habere linguam, Sen.: linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, Liv.: u. so impigrae linguae (Genet.), Sall.: homo acidae linguae, Sen. rhet.: Cato, vir promptiore ad vituperandum linguā, Liv. epit.: veteris comoediae maledica lingua, Val. Max.: claudente noxarum conscientiā linguam, Amm. 16, 12, 61. – emphat. = der Mißbrauch der Zunge, die böse Zunge, Lästerzunge, os (unverschämte Stirn) habeat, linguam, Plaut.: Aetolorum linguas retundere, Liv.: lingua gravius castigatur, quam ullum probrum, Curt.: linguam vis meam praecludere (du willst mir den Mund stopfen), ne latrem pro re domini, Phaedr. 1, 25 (23), 5. – 2) wie γλῶσσα, a) die Sprache in Beziehung auf ihre materielle Beschaffenheit, Latina, Graeca, Cic.: Punica, Hieron.: utraque, lateinische und griechische, Hor. u. Plin. ep.: linguae (pastorum) peritus, Liv.: trium linguarum peritus, Isid.: Latinae linguae gnarus, Liv., sciens, Tac.: Graecā linguā loquentes, qui Asiam incolebant, die asiatischen Griechen, Liv.: vocabulum Graecum velut traductum in linguam Romanam, Gell.: Romanae vindex clarissimae linguae, Laurea Tullus poët. bei Plin.: eiusdem esse linguae, einerlei Spr. haben, Cic.: transferre in linguam Latinam, Plin.: utram tandem linguam nescio? Cic.: alcis linguam intellegere, Petron. – b) der Dialekt, die Mundart, das Idiom, Dorica, Sen. ep. 77, 14: linguae inter se differentes, Quint. 12, 10, 34: Massilia, quae tam procul a Graecorum omnium regionibus, disciplinis linguāque divisa, Cic. Flacc. 63. – 3) die Redegabe, Redefertigkeit, Beredsamkeit (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 44, 7), non magis consilium vobis deest quam lingua, Liv.: est animus tibi, sunt mores et lingua fidesque, Hor. – im üblen Sinne = Geschwätzigkeit, poenam linguā commeruisse, Ov. met. 5, 551. – u. = Ruhmredigkeit, materna, Ov. met. 4, 670. – u. = Vermessenheit, paterna, Ov. met. 6, 213. – 4) der Ton der Zunge, der Schall, Laut, Gesang, linguae volucrum, Verg. Aen. 3, 361 u. 10, 177. – II) übtr.: 1) v. Pflanzen, a) = lingulaca (w. s.), Plin. 24, 170. – b) lingua bubula, die Ochsenzunge, Cato r. r. 40, 4. Plin. 17, 112. – c) lingua canina, die Hundszunge (griech. κυνόγλωσσος od. -ον), wahrsch. Cynoglossum officinale (L.), Cels. 5, 27, 18: auch lingua canis u. lingua Macedonica gen., Ps. Apul. herb. 96. – 2) (wie γλῶσσα), die Erdzunge, Landzunge (vgl. Paul. ex Fest. 121, 5), Pacuv. tr. 94. Liv. 44, 11, 3. Lucan. 2, 614: v. den drei Spitzen Siziliens, tribus haec excurrit in aequora linguis, Ov. met. 13, 724 R. (Korn u. Merkel pinnis). – 3) das kurze Ende des Hebels, Vitr. 10, 3, 2 (§ 3 lingula gen.). – 4) das Zünglein an der Wage, Schol. Pers. 1, 6. – 5) der Kehldeckel, Cels. 4, 1. p. 120, 18 D.
Latin > Chinese
lingua, ae. f. (lingo.) :: 舌。話。入海地。草名。— bisulca 裂舌。雙尖舌。— bubula 牛舌。紫草。