civilis

Latin > English

civilis civilis, civile ADJ :: of/affecting fellow citizens; civil; legal; public; political; unassuming

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

cīvīlis: e, adj. civis.
I Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1: conjuratio, id. ib. 5, 12, 2: bellum, id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: bella, Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1: genus belli, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7: facinus, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4: discordia, Sall. C. 5, 2: dissensio, id. J. 41 fin.: discidii specie, Tac. A. 14, 60: irae, id. ib. 1, 43: acies, Ov. M. 7, 142: arma, civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9: aestus, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47: Mars, Ov. H. 6, 35: busta, Prop. 2, 1, 27: victoria, Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.: praeda, id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.: mos consuetudoque, Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas, id. N. D. 2, 31, 78: facinus, id. Att. 7, 13, 1: clamor, Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf. robur, id. 28, 44, 5: curae, Hor. C. 3, 8, 17: quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.), Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day (from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3: amor (opp. to naturalis), between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.—
   2    Esp.: jus civile.
   a In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.: jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas, Cic. Top. 2, 9: sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio, id. de Or. 1, 42, 188: qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc., id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.; opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc., Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—
   b The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law: ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat, Cic. Top. 5, 28: hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum), id. Leg. 1, 5, 17: de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109; opp. jus nationum, id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18; opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes, id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.—
   c In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law: civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius), Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.: jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit, Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.: inteream si... novi civilia jura, Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.—
   B Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-: scientia, politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33: quaestiones, id. 2, 15, 36: officia, id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27: civilium rerum peritus, Tac. H. 2, 5: mersor civilibus undis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, πολιτικος, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.—
   2    Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy): is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus, Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.: civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant, id. 6, 22, 7.—
II Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. κοινός), demeaning one's self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.; in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo? Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13: sermo, Liv. 6, 40, 15: animus, id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12: parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum, unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5: et humano ingressu, Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.: incessu, Plin. Pan. 83, 7: civile ingenium, mira comitas, Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3: civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi, id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1: civilis circa amicos, Eutr. 7, 13: in cunctos, id. 10, 16.—Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy: si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset, Liv. 5, 3, 9.—Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.
   1    (Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.—
   b In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally): agere, Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.—
   2    (Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.—Comp.: civilius, Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.—Sup.: civilissime, Eutr. 7, 8.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) cīvīlis,⁷ e (civis), de citoyen, civil,
1 [au pr.] : odium civilis sanguinis Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1, l’horreur de voir répandre le sang des citoyens ; facinus civile Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1, acte d’un citoyen ; civile bellum Cic. Div. 2, 24 ; Att. 7, 13, 1, guerre civile ; civilis victoria Nep. Epam. 10, 3, victoire remportée sur des concitoyens (Pel. 5, 4 ) ; ante civilem victoriam Sall. J. 95, 4, avant sa victoire dans la guerre civile [sur Marius ; contra morem consuetudinemque civilem Cic. Off. 1, 148, contrairement aux mœurs et aux coutumes des concitoyens (du pays) || [poét.] civilis quercus = corona civica Virg. En. 6, 772 || jus civile, [en gén.] droit civil, droit commun à tous les citoyens d’une cité : Cic. Top. 28 ; de Or. 1, 188 ; Off. 3, 69, etc. ; [opposé à jus naturale ] Sest. 91 ; [en part.] droit civil = droit privé : Top. 5, 28 ; Leg. 1, 17 ; Cæc. 34, etc. || dies civilis Varro R. 1, 28, 1, jour civil [de minuit à minuit] ; plus quam civilia agitare Tac. Ann. 1, 12, rouler des projets qui surpassent ceux d’un simple citoyen
2 qui concerne l’ensemble des citoyens, la vie politique, l’État : oratio civilis Cic. Or. 30, discours politique ; civilis scientia Cic. de Or. 3, 123, science politique ; rationes rerum civilium Cic. Rep. 1, 13, théories politiques || vir vere civilis Quint. 1, pr., 10, le véritable homme d’État, homme politique, cf. 12, 2, 7 ; 12, 2, 22, etc. ; civilium rerum peritus Tac. H. 2, 5, habile politique || bellica, civilia officia Cic. Off. 1, 122, les devoirs de la vie militaire, de la vie civile ; civilia munera Liv. 9, 3, 5, charges, fonctions civiles
3 qui convient à des citoyens, digne de citoyens : hoc civile imperium Sall. J. 85, 35, voilà le commandement qui convient à des citoyens ( Liv. 6, 40, 15 ; 27, 6, 4 ; 45, 32, 5 ) ; quid ordinatione civilius ? Plin. Min. Ep. 8, 24, 7, quoi de plus digne d’un vrai citoyen que le soin d’organiser ? || civile rebatur misceri voluptatibus vulgi Tac. Ann. 1, 54, il croyait que c’était d’une bonne politique de se mêler aux amusements de la foule
4 populaire, affable, doux, bienveillant : civili animo ferre aliquid Suet. Cæs. 75, supporter qqch. avec douceur ; quam civilis incessu ! Plin. Min. Pan. 83, 7, quel air affable dans sa démarche !

Latin > German (Georges)

(1) cīvīlis¹, e (civis), Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl., I) den Bürger (u. insbes. den Mitbürger) betreffend, bürgerlich, Bürger-, des Bürgers, der Bürger, des Mitbürgers, der Mitbürger, 1) eig.: mos, Cic.: clamor, Liv.: furor, Hor.: sanguis, Cic.: cruor, Cic.: bellum, Cic.: victoria, über Mitbürger, Nep. Epam. 10, 3 u. Pelop. 5, 4, im Bürgerkriege, Sall. Iug. 45, 9: quercus, poet. = corona civica (s. cīvicus), Verg.: ius, entweder (im weit. Sinne) das bürgerliche Staatsrecht (Ggstz. ius naturale), Cic., Hor. u.a., od. (im engern Sinne) das Zivilrecht, Privatrecht (Ggstz. ius publicum), Cic.: actio, Klage eines Bürgers gegen seinen Mitbürger, Cic.: controversia, Cic.: dies, der bürgerliche Tag (von Mitternacht bis Mitternacht, Ggstz. dies naturalis, vom Aufgang bis zum Untergang der Sonne), Varr.: so auch annus, das aus 365 bürgerlichen Tagen bestehende Jahr, Gell. – 2) übtr.: a) bürgerlich = voll Bürgersinn; populär = gemeinnützig, dem Gemeinwohl zuträglich, nulli civilis animus, Liv. 45, 32, 5: at hercule sermo est minime c., Liv. 6, 40, 15: neque magistratum continuari satis civile esse, Liv. 27, 6, 4: neutr. subst., si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis, sed humani esset, wenn in auch noch ein Funke, nicht etwa von Bürgersinn, aber doch von Menschlichkeit wäre, Liv. 5, 3, 9: quid civilius ordinatione? wodurch kann man sich um Bürger verdienter machen als durch Verleihung einer ordentlichen Verfassung, Plin. ep. 8, 24, 7. – b) populär = leutselig, gewinnend, herablassend, höflich, schonend, animus, Suet.: ingenium, Tac.: ingressus, Quint.: genus vitae, Suet.: quid civilius illo (patre patriae), Ov.: aequissimum se et civilissimum praebuit, Eutr. – m. Abl., civilis ingressu, Plin. pan. 83, 7. – m. in u. Abl., in colloquiis, etiam humilissimorum, civilissimus fuit, Spart. Hadr. 20, 1: civilis in semet augendo, Suet. Claud. 12, 1. – m. circa od. in u. Akk., civilis circa quosdam amicos, Eutr. 7, 13: civilis in cunctos, Eutr. 10, 16. – civile reabatur mit folg. Infin. Präs. Pass., Tac. ann. 1, 54. – n. pl. subst., plus quam civilia agitare, Tac. ann. 1, 12: civilia loqui de se, Tac. hist. 4, 5. – II) den Staat od. Staatsdienst betreffend, öffentlich, Staats-, a) übh.: oratio, Cic.: res, Cic.: officia, Quint.: scientia, ratio, Staatswissenschaft, Cic.: rerum civilium cognitio, Staatskunde, Cic.: vir, Staatsmann (ἀνώρ πολιτικός), Quint.: dass. civilium rerum peritus, Tac.: fluctus, procellae, des Staatslebens, Nep. – b) dem Zivildienst betreffend, Zivil- (Ggstz. militaris, bellicus), officia (Ggstz. bellica off.), Cic. de off. 1, 122: non militaria solum sed civilia quoque munera, Liv. 9, 3, 5: civiles res (Ggstz. bella), Liv. 6, 22, 7. – n. pl. subst., ut militarium aliquis ad civilia (zum Zivildienste, zur Zivilverwaltung) transiret, Amm. 21, 16, 3.

Latin > Chinese

civilis, e. adj. c. :: 國家者。温和者。知禮者。Agere se civilem in omnes 温和帶衆人。Vir civilis 諳國政之人士。Curae civiles 作官事務。 Sermo civilis 士談。Dies civilis 一晝夜。Jus civile 律例。