firmus

Latin > English

firmus firma -um, firmior -or -us, firmissimus -a -um ADJ :: firm/steady; substantial/solid/secure/safe; strong/robust/sturdy/stout/durable
firmus firmus firma -um, firmior -or -us, firmissimus -a -um ADJ :: loyal/staunch/true/constant; stable/mature; valid/convincing/well founded

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

firmus: a, um, adj. Sanscr. dhar-, dharā-mi, hold, support; Gr. θρᾶ-, θρή-σασθαι, to sit down, θρῆνυς, θρόνος; cf.: frētus, frēnum,
I firm (in opp. to frail, destructible), steadfast, stable, strong, powerful (freq. and class.; esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: constans, stabilis, solidus).
I Lit.: nos fragili vastum ligno sulcavimus aequor: Quae tulit Aesoniden, firma carina fuit, Ov. P. 1, 4, 35: robora, Verg. A. 2, 481: arbor, Ov. A. A. 2, 652: vincula, id. F. 1, 370: janua, i. e. shut fast, id. Am. 2, 12, 3; cf. sera, id. P. 1, 2, 24: solum, Curt. 5, 1: firmioris testae murices, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: sunt et Amineae vites, firmissima vina. Verg. G. 2, 97: firmo cibo pasta pecus, strengthening, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 2: firmius est triticum quam milium: id ipsum quam hordeum: ex tritico firmissima siligo, Cels. 2, 18: effice ut valeas, et ut ad nos firmus ac valens quam primum venias, Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1 and 2; cf.: mihi placebat, si firmior esses, etc., id. ib. 16, 5, 1: nondum satis firmo corpore, id. ib. 11, 27, 1: hinc remiges firmissimi, illinc inopia affectissimi, Vell. 2, 84, 2.—With dat.: area firma templis sustinendis, Liv. 2, 5, 4: testa in structura oneri ferendo firma, Vitr. 2, 8, 19: adversis, Tac. Agr. 35 fin.
II Trop., firm in strength or durability, also in opinion, affection, etc., fast, constant, steadfast, immovable, powerful, strong, true, faithful: quae enim domus tam stabilis, quae tam firma civitas est, quae non odiis et discidiis funditus possit everti? Cic. Lael. 7, 23: res publica firma atque robusta, id. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf.: civitas imprimis firma, Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 2: Trinobantes prope firmissima earum regionum civitas, id. ib. 5, 20, 1; cf. also: Mutina firmissima et splendidissima colonia, Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 24: tres potentissimi ac firmissimi populi, id. ib. 1, 3 fin.; and: evocatorum firma manus, id. Fam. 15, 4, 3: Antonius ab equitatu firmus esse dicebatur, strong in cavalry, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 2.— With ad and acc.: satis firmus ad castra facienda, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 1: Chrysippi consolatio ad veritatem firmissima est, Cic. Tusc. 3, 33, 79: exercitus satis firmus ad tantum bellum, Liv. 23, 25, 6; cf.: cohortes minime firmae ad dimicandum, Caes. B. G. 7, 60, 2; Sall. H. 4, 62, 16.— With contra: Jugurtha nihil satis firmum contra Metellum putat, Sall. J. 80, 1.—With adversus: firmus adversus militarem largitionem, Tac. H. 2, 82: firmior adversus fortuita, id. ib. 4, 51: adversus convicia malosque rumores, Suet. Tib. 28.—Absol.: cum neque magnas copias neque firmas haberet, Nep. Eum. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 8; Sall. J. 56, 2: concordi populo nihil esse immutabilius, nihil firmius, Cic. Rep. 1, 32: praesidia firmissima, id. Fin. 1, 10, 35: fundamenta defensionis firmissima, id. Cael. 2, 7: firmior fortuna, id. Rep. 1, 17: constitutio Romuli, id. ib. 2, 31 (ap. Non. 526, 10): illud ratum, firmum, fixum fuisse vis, Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141: officii praecepta firma, stabilia, id. Off. 1, 2, 6; cf.: opinio, firma et stabilis, id. Brut. 30, 114: firma et constans assensio, id. Ac. 1, 11, 42: ne in maximis quidem rebus quicquam adhuc inveni firmius, id. Or. 71, 237: spem firmissimam habere, id. Fam. 6, 5, 4; cf., transf.: firmior candidatus, i. e. who has stronger, greater hopes of being elected, id. Att. 1, 1, 2: litterae, i. e. containing news that may be relied upon, id. ib. 7, 25; cf. id. ib. 16, 5: senatum sua sponte bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; cf.: vir in suscepta causa firmissimus, id. Mil. 33, 91: accusator firmus verusque, id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29; with this cf.: vir pro veritate firmissimus, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 19: sunt fortasse in sententia firmiores, id. Balb. 27, 61: firmus in hoc, Tib. 3, 2, 5: non firmus rectum defendis et haeres, Hor. S. 2, 7, 26: firmus proposito, Vell. 2, 63 fin.; so, firmissimus irā, Ov. M. 7, 457: firmo id constantique animo facias licet, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 2: nunc opus pectore firmo, Verg. A. 6, 261: firmi amici sunt (opp.: amici collabascunt), Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 16: firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), Cic. Lael. 17, 62: ex infidelissimis sociis firmissimos reddere, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14: non brevis et suffragatoria, sed firma et perpetua amicitia, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 26: firmissimae amicitiae, Quint. 1, 2, 20: fides firma nobis, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 6.—*
   (b)    Poet. with inf.: fundus nec vendibilis nec pascere firmus, able, capable, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 47. —Hence, adv., firmly, steadily, lastingly, powerfully; in two (equally common) forms: firme and firmĭter.
   (a)    Form firme, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 24; id. Trin. 2, 2, 54: insistere, Suet. Calig. 26: firme graviterque aliquid comprehendere, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; cf.: satis firme aliquid concipere animo, id. ib. 2, 2, 6: continere multa, Quint. 11, 2, 2: sustinere assensus suos, Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 31: graviter et firme respondere, Plin. Ep. 6, 13, 3.—
   (b)    Form firmiter: firmiter hoc tuo sit pectore fixum, Lucil. ap. Non. 512, 20: nisi suffulcis firmiter, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77: insistere, Caes. B. G. 4, 26, 1: in suo gradu collocari, Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.: stabilita matrimonia, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 512, 23 (Rep. 6, 2 ed. Mos.): promisisse, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2 111: meminisse, Gell. 13, 8, 2.—
   b Comp.: firmius durare, Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 165: firmius coire, Ov. H. 19, 67.—
   c Sup.: asseverare, Cic. Att. 10, 14 fin.: pulvinus quam firmissime statuatur, Vitr. 5, 12.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) firmus,⁸ a, um,
1 solide, résistant, ferme : firmi rami Cæs. G. 7, 73, 2, branches résistantes ; area firma templis sustinendis Liv. 2, 5, 4, terrain assez solide pour supporter des temples || firmus et valens Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1, solide et bien portant ; nondum satis firmo corpore Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 1, d’une santé physique encore trop faible
2 [fig.] solide, fort : firma civitas Cic. Læl. 23, État fort ; res publica firma atque robusta Cic. Rep. 2, 3, État solide et dans la plénitude de sa force ; tres potentissimi ac firmissimi populi Cæs. G. 1, 3, 8, trois peuples les plus puissants et aux assises les plus solides ; evocatorum firma manus Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 3, une troupe solide de vétérans rappelés ; cohortes minime firmæ ad dimicandum Cæs. G. 7, 60, 2, cohortes sans consistance pour le combat ; exercitus satis firmus ad tantum bellum Liv. 23, 25, 6, armée assez solide pour une si grande guerre ; [poét.] fundus pascere firmus Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 47, terre suffisante pour faire vivre ; firmissima consolatio Cic. Tusc. 3, 79, consolation très forte, très efficace || [aliments] solides, consistants, nourrissants : Varro R. 2, 11, 2 ; Cels. Med. 2, 18 || [vin] qui a du corps : Virg. G. 2, 97 ; Gell. 13, 5, 8 || solide, durable : concordi populo nihil est immutabilius, nihil firmius Cic. Rep. 1, 49, rien de plus stable, de plus solide que le régime populaire où règne la concorde || ferme, constant, inébranlable : opinio firma et stabilis Cic. Br. 114, opinion ferme et invariable ; vir in suscepta causa firmissimus Cic. Mil. 91, homme inébranlable dans la défense d’une cause adoptée, cf. Cic. Cæcil. 29 ; Balbo 61 || solide, sur quoi l’on peut compter, sûr : vitæ sine metu degendæ præsidia firmissima Cic. Fin. 1, 35, garants les plus sûrs d’une vie à l’abri de la crainte ; ex infidelissimis sociis firmissimos reddere Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 14, faire que les alliés, d’infidèles qu’ils étaient, deviennent les plus solidement attachés ; firmior candidatus Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2, candidat plus sûr du succès.

Latin > German (Georges)

fīrmus, a, um (viell. verwandt mit fere, ferme, frētus), fest, derb, stark, I) eig.: ramus, Caes.: robora (Bohlen), Verg.: catena, Ov.: muri firmiores, Eutr.: m. Dat. (zu), ut area firma templis ac porticibus sustinendis esset, Liv. – II) übtr.: 1) physisch stark, tüchtig, kräftig, widerstandsfähig, poples, Ov.: vox, Cornif. rhet.: civitas, Caes.: res publica, Sall.: m. ad u. Akk., vires ad dolorem ferendum firmae, Nep.: poet. m. Infin., fundus non pascere firmus, Hor. ep. 1, 17, 47. – Insbes., a) kräftig, gesund, lebensfähig (Ggstz. imbecillus), corpus, Cic.: v. Leb., firmus ac valens, Cic.: catuli, Phaedr.: infantes firmiores, Suet.: remiges firmissimi, Vell.: si male firma cubabit, Ov.: vixdum firmus gravi valetudine, Suet. – b) milit. fest, stark, kräftig, widerstandsfähig, ordines, fest geschlossene, Tac.: equitatus et peditatus, Cic.: evocatorum manus, Cic.: copiae, Nep.: praesidia, Caes.: exercitus, Caes.: m. ab (von seiten) u. Abl., firmus ab equitatu, Planc. in Cic. ep.: m. ad u. Akk., firmus ad tantum bellum, Liv.: ad dimicandum, Caes.: firmior ad resistendum, Sall. fr.: firmus ad castra facienda, Cic. – c) v. Speisen u. Getränken, fest, derb, nahrhaft, cibus, Varro r. r. 2, 11, 2: firmius est triticum quam milium, Cels. 2, 18. p. 64, 35 D.; vgl. ibid. p. 65, 6: firmior ex frumento potio est, ibid. p. 66, 17. – d) v. Wein, stark = feurig, firmum vinum, Gell. 13, 5, 8. – 2) der Zeit nach dauernd, firmissima vina, sich haltende, Verg. georg. 2, 97: durabat antiquitas firma, das alte Verfahren erhielt sich unverändert, Plin. 26, 12: übtr., dauernd, gültig, acta Caesaris, Cic. Phil. 1, 16. – 3) geistig u. ethisch: a) fest, beharrlich, konsequent, standhaft, unerschütterlich, animus, Cic.: accusator, Cic.: opinio, Cic.: senatus bene f., Cic.: m. contra od. adversus u. Akk., contra pericula, Sall.: adversus famam rumoresque hominum, Liv.: m. in u. Abl., firmior in sententia, Cic.: vir in suscepta causa firmissimus, Cic.: m. bl. Abl., proposito, Vell.: patriā irā, Ov. – b) fest, sicher, zuverlässig, α) v. Lebl.: litterae, Cic.: spes, Cic.: amicitia, unwandelbare, Curt.: foedus bene f., Enn.: vitae sine metu degendae praesidia firmissima, Cic.: hoc, quod dico, firmum fore (sich bestätigen wird), Cic.: m. ad u. Akk., utrum tandem tibi ad defensionem firmius fore putasti, Cic.: neutr. subst., nihil satis firmi (keinen triftigen Grund) video quam ob rem etc., Ter. heaut. 337. – β) v. Pers.: gener, Ter.: duces, Cic.: firmus amicus et fidelis, Cic.: qui firmior candidatus fore videatur, der mehr Aussicht (gewählt zu werden) hätte, Cic.: ut ex infidelissimis (sociis) firmissimos redderem, Cic.: m. Abl. (an), copiae et numero et genere et fidelitate firmissimae, Planc. in Cic. ep.: m. ad u. Akk., firmos eos (milites) ad tuendas nostras res efficere, Cic. – c) stark = wirksam, firmissima consolatio, Cic. Tusc. 3, 79.