communis: Difference between revisions
Ὁ θάνατος οὐθὲν πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἐπειδήπερ ὅταν μὲν ἡμεῖς ὦμεν, ὁ θάνατος οὐ πάρεστιν, ὅταν δὲ ὁ θάνατος παρῇ, τόθ' ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἐσμέν. → Death is nothing to us, since when we are, death has not come, and when death has come, we are not.
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|lnetxt=communis communis, commune ADJ :: common/joint/public; general/universal; ordinary; sociable, courteous; related<br />communis communis communis, commune ADJ :: neutral, impartial (Mars); applicable on either side; same form for two cases | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>com-mūnis</b>: (comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. con and [[root]] mu-, to [[bind]]; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: [[immunis]], [[munus]], [[moenia]],<br /><b>I</b> [[that]] is [[common]] to [[several]] or to all, [[common]], [[general]], [[universal]], [[public]] (opp. [[proprius]], [[that]] belongs to one: [[quod]] [[commune]] cum [[alio]] est, desinet esse proprium, Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and [[every]] [[species]] of [[composition]]); constr. [[with]] cum, dat., [[inter]] se, or absol.<br /><b>I</b> Prop.: [[vetus]] [[verbum]] hoc [[quidem]] est: Communia esse amicorum [[inter]] se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18: [[vinea]] vulpibus et hominibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5: [[sepulcrum]] Asiae Europaeque Troja, Cat. 68, 89: is [[fit]] ei cum Roscio [[communis]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis [[commune]] est, Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the [[formula]] aliquid cum [[aliquo]] [[commune]] habere: [[vetustas]] habet aliquid [[commune]] cum multis, [[amor]] non habet, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2: cum rerum naturā... [[quid]] habere potest [[commune]]... gallinaceum fel, id. Div. 2, 12, 29: [[controversia]]. quae communes [[minime]] cum aliis quaestiones habet, Quint. 5, 10, 110: illum... [[nihil]] vobiscum [[commune]] habentem, Sen. Const. 15, 2: sciat, se [[nihil]] [[mecum]] habere [[commune]], id. Ben. 7, 12, 2: omnia cum [[amico]] communia habebit, qui [[multa]] cum homine, id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum [[natura]]) quidquam [[commune]] cum [[caelo]], Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B: [[vitium]] [[commune]] omnium est, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555: [[communis]] imperii (i. e. Romani) fines, Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf. [[libertas]], id. Sest. 1, 1: [[salus]], id. ib. 6, 15: [[utilitas]], Nep. Alcib. 4, 6: [[mors]], [[natural]], Eutr. 7, 8: verba, i. e. [[prose]], Claud. Epig. 81, 3: jus gentium, Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae [[ignarus]], [[ignorant]] of [[life]], i. e. of the [[customs]] of [[society]], Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.: sensu caret, of a [[sense]] of [[propriety]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.: [[sit]] in beneficio [[sensus]] [[communis]], Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf. also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis [[expers]], Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: [[communis]] [[locus]], euphem., the [[lower]] [[world]], Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a [[brothel]], Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In | |lshtext=<b>com-mūnis</b>: (comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. con and [[root]] mu-, to [[bind]]; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: [[immunis]], [[munus]], [[moenia]],<br /><b>I</b> [[that]] is [[common]] to [[several]] or to all, [[common]], [[general]], [[universal]], [[public]] (opp. [[proprius]], [[that]] belongs to one: [[quod]] [[commune]] cum [[alio]] est, desinet esse proprium, Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and [[every]] [[species]] of [[composition]]); constr. [[with]] cum, dat., [[inter]] se, or absol.<br /><b>I</b> Prop.: [[vetus]] [[verbum]] hoc [[quidem]] est: Communia esse amicorum [[inter]] se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18: [[vinea]] vulpibus et hominibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5: [[sepulcrum]] Asiae Europaeque Troja, Cat. 68, 89: is [[fit]] ei cum Roscio [[communis]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis [[commune]] est, Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the [[formula]] aliquid cum [[aliquo]] [[commune]] habere: [[vetustas]] habet aliquid [[commune]] cum multis, [[amor]] non habet, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2: cum rerum naturā... [[quid]] habere potest [[commune]]... gallinaceum fel, id. Div. 2, 12, 29: [[controversia]]. quae communes [[minime]] cum aliis quaestiones habet, Quint. 5, 10, 110: illum... [[nihil]] vobiscum [[commune]] habentem, Sen. Const. 15, 2: sciat, se [[nihil]] [[mecum]] habere [[commune]], id. Ben. 7, 12, 2: omnia cum [[amico]] communia habebit, qui [[multa]] cum homine, id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum [[natura]]) quidquam [[commune]] cum [[caelo]], Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B: [[vitium]] [[commune]] omnium est, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555: [[communis]] imperii (i. e. Romani) fines, Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf. [[libertas]], id. Sest. 1, 1: [[salus]], id. ib. 6, 15: [[utilitas]], Nep. Alcib. 4, 6: [[mors]], [[natural]], Eutr. 7, 8: verba, i. e. [[prose]], Claud. Epig. 81, 3: jus gentium, Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae [[ignarus]], [[ignorant]] of [[life]], i. e. of the [[customs]] of [[society]], Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.: sensu caret, of a [[sense]] of [[propriety]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.: [[sit]] in beneficio [[sensus]] [[communis]], Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf. also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis [[expers]], Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: [[communis]] [[locus]], euphem., the [[lower]] [[world]], Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a [[brothel]], Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.: loca, [[public]] places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1; [[but]] loci, in philos. lang., a [[commonplace]], [[common]] [[topic]], id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. [[locus]].—<br /> <b>B</b> Subst.: commūne, is, n., [[that]] [[which]] is [[common]].<br /> <b>1</b> In gen., plur.: ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20: paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas, [[publicity]], Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In sing.: de communi aliquid consequi, Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3: jus communi dividundo, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp. = τὸ κοινόν, a [[community]], [[state]]: [[commune]] [[Latium]], Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.: Commune [[Milyadum]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95: Siciliae, id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145; 2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae, Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.: [[communis]] [[Graecia]], id. ib. 13, 199; and: res [[communis]] = [[respublica]], Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[commune]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> For [[common]] [[use]], for all, for a [[common]] [[object]], [[end]], [[advantage]], etc.: metuere, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20: consulere, Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5: conferre, Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8: vocare honores, i. e. to [[bestow]] [[equally]] [[upon]] patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18: profutura, Quint. 6, 1, 7: laborare (apes), id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi: ponere libertatem, Tac. A. 13, 27.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In [[general]], [[generally]] (in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): de jure omni disputandum, Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br /> <b>A</b> That represents the [[common]] [[sentiment]], [[democratic]]: qui in [[bello]]... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum [[magis]] communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—<br /> <b>B</b> Of [[manners]], [[accessible]], [[familiar]], [[courteous]], condescending, [[affable]] (kindr. in [[sense]] [[with]] [[comis]]; [[hence]] in MSS. [[very]] freq. interchanged [[with]] it; v. [[comis]]): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) [[par]] est, Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: [[communis]] infimis, [[par]] principibus, Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. [[communitas]].—Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).—Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—<br /> <b>C</b> T. t.<br /> <b>1</b> In rhet.: [[commune]] [[exordium]], [[quod]] [[nihilo]] [[minus]] in hanc [[quam]] in contrariam partem causae potest convenire, [[equally]] [[appropriate]] to [[either]] [[side]] of a [[cause]], Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—<br /> <b>2</b> In gram.: [[verbum]], a [[common]] [[verb]], i. e. one [[that]] has [[both]] an [[active]] and [[passive]] [[signification]], Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: [[syllaba]] = [[anceps]], i. e. [[either]] [[long]] or [[short]], [[Don]]. p. 1389 P.; [[Charis]]. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.: [[genus]], of [[both]] [[masculine]] and [[feminine]] [[gender]], [[Charis]]. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.<br /> <b>1</b> Class. form commū-nĭter, [[together]], in [[common]], [[jointly]], [[generally]] ([[very]] freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. [[proprie]], Quint. 9, 1, 23; opp. [[separatim]], Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—* Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—<br /> <b>2</b> commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5. | ||
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{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>commūnis</b>,⁷ e (anc. lat. commoinis ; cf. mœnia, [[munus]]),<br /><b>1</b> commun, qui appartient à plusieurs ou à tous : [[communis]] [[libertas]] Cic. Sest. 1 ; [[salus]] Cic. Sest. 15, la liberté [[commune]], le salut commun : [[locus]] [[communis]] Pl. Cas. 19, le séjour des morts (le commun séjour) [ Sen. Rhet. Contr. 1, 2, 5, maison publique]; [[loca]] [[communia]] Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 112, lieux publics ; loci communes Cic. Or. 126, etc., lieux communs (v. [[locus]]) ; [[vita]] [[communis]] Cic. de Or. 1, 248, la vie de tous les jours (de tout le monde) || commun à, en commun avec ([[res]] alicui cum [[aliquo]] [[communis]], chose que qqn a en commun avec qqn ; [[res]] hominum [[communis]] ou [[res]] [[inter]] homines [[communis]], chose [[commune]] aux hommes) : [[onus]], [[quod]] [[mihi]] [[commune]] [[tecum]] [[est]] Cic. CM 2, fardeau qui nous [[est]] commun à tous deux ; cum rerum [[natura]] [[quid]] habere potest [[commune]] gallinaceum [[fel]] ? Cic. Div. 2, 29, qu’[[est]]-ce qu’un fiel de coq peut avoir de commun avec la nature universelle ? || [[memoria]] [[communis]] [[est]] multarum artium Cic. Or. 54, la mémoire [[est]] une faculté [[commune]] à beaucoup d’arts ; [[communis]] imperatorum [[fortuna]] Cic. de Or. 2, 196, sort qui peut échoir à tous les généraux ; quorum [[facinus]] [[est]] [[commune]], [[cur]] [[non]] sit eorum præda [[communis]] ? Cic. Phil. 2, 72, ceux qui ont partagé le crime, pourquoi ne partageraient-ils pas le butin ? [[multa]] sunt civibus [[inter]] se [[communia]] Cic. Off. 1, 53, les citoyens d’une cité ont beaucoup de choses en commun || in [[commune]], v. [[commune]] || commun, ordinaire : communes mimi Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 1, des mimes ordinaires (comme on en voit dans tous les jeux publics) || [gramm.] [[commune]] [[verbum]] Gell. 15, 13, 1, verbe à forme [[passive]] qui a les deux sens, actif et passif ; [[commune]] [[genus]], genre masculin et féminin ; [[communis]] [[syllaba]], syllabe [[commune]] (longue ou brève)<br /><b>2</b> accessible à tous, affable, ouvert, avenant : quemquamne existimas Catone communiorem fuisse ? Cic. Mur. 66, y eut-il, à ton [[avis]], qqn d’un commerce [[plus]] agréable que Caton ? cf. Læl. 65 ; *CM 59 ; Fam. 4, 9, 2 ; Nep. Att. 3, 1.||commun à, en commun avec ([[res]] alicui cum [[aliquo]] [[communis]], chose que qqn a en commun avec qqn ; [[res]] hominum [[communis]] ou [[res]] [[inter]] homines [[communis]], chose [[commune]] aux hommes) : [[onus]], [[quod]] [[mihi]] [[commune]] [[tecum]] [[est]] Cic. CM 2, fardeau qui nous [[est]] commun à tous deux ; cum rerum [[natura]] [[quid]] habere potest [[commune]] gallinaceum [[fel]] ? Cic. Div. 2, 29, qu’[[est]]-ce qu’un fiel de coq peut avoir de commun avec la nature universelle ?||[[memoria]] [[communis]] [[est]] multarum artium Cic. Or. 54, la mémoire [[est]] une faculté [[commune]] à beaucoup d’arts ; [[communis]] imperatorum [[fortuna]] Cic. de Or. 2, 196, sort qui peut échoir à tous les généraux ; quorum [[facinus]] [[est]] [[commune]], [[cur]] [[non]] sit eorum præda [[communis]] ? Cic. Phil. 2, 72, ceux qui ont partagé le crime, pourquoi ne partageraient-ils pas le butin ? [[multa]] sunt civibus [[inter]] se [[communia]] Cic. Off. 1, 53, les citoyens d’une cité ont beaucoup de choses en commun||in [[commune]], v. [[commune]]||commun, ordinaire : communes mimi Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 1, des mimes ordinaires (comme on en voit dans tous les jeux publics)||[gramm.] [[commune]] [[verbum]] Gell. 15, 13, 1, verbe à forme [[passive]] qui a les deux sens, actif et passif ; [[commune]] [[genus]], genre masculin et féminin ; [[communis]] [[syllaba]], syllabe [[commune]] (longue ou brève)<br /><b>2</b> accessible à tous, affable, ouvert, avenant : quemquamne existimas Catone communiorem fuisse ? Cic. Mur. 66, y eut-il, à ton [[avis]], qqn d’un commerce [[plus]] agréable que Caton ? cf. Læl. 65 ; *CM 59 ; Fam. 4, 9, 2 ; Nep. Att. 3, 1. | |||
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{{Georges | |||
|georg=commūnis, e (altlat. commoinis; vgl. [[moenia]], [[munus]]), I) mehreren od. allen [[gemeinsam]], -[[gemein]], [[gemeinschaftlich]], [[öffentlich]], [[allgemein]], [[gewöhnlich]] (Ggstz. [[proprius]], einem [[eigentümlich]]), A) adi.: [[vita]], das alltägliche [[Leben]], Cic.: [[salutatio]] c., [[überall]] [[üblich]], Cic.: [[mens]] c., Cic.: mimi c., [[oft]] gesehene, gewöhnliche, Cic.: communi monetā, [[mit]] gewöhnlichem [[Stempel]], Iuven.: [[homo]] vitae [[communis]] [[ignarus]], der [[nicht]] zu [[leben]] [[weiß]], [[ohne]] [[Lebensart]], Cic.: [[sensus]] c., s. sēnsus: [[una]] [[domus]], [[communia]] [[omnia]], [[Gemeinschaft]] in allem, Cic. – [[locus]] c., euphemist. = [[Unterwelt]], Plaut., u. = Bordell, Sen.: [[loca]] c., öffentliche Orte, Cic.: [[dagegen]] loci c., Gemeinplätze in der [[Philosophie]], Cic. – [[als]] rhet. t. t., [[exordium]] c., [[auch]] [[auf]] den entgegengesetzten [[Teil]] [[passend]], Cic. – [[als]] gramm. t. t., [[verbum]] c., das [[auf]] or ausgehend sowohl aktive [[als]] [[passive]] [[Bedeutung]] hat, Gell.: [[syllaba]], doppelzeitig (= [[anceps]]), Gramm.: [[genus]], sowohl männlichen [[als]] weiblichen Geschlechts, [[Charis]]. – [[oft]] m. einem ([[jedoch]] [[mehr]] das dabeistehende Nomen ergänzenden) Genet., od. m. einem ([[oft]] an das [[Verbum]] [[esse]] [[sich]] anlehnenden) Dat., od. m. cum u. Abl. od. m. [[inter]] se, zB. c. [[classis]] Graeciae, Nep.: hostes c. omnium, Cic.: c. hominum [[infirmitas]], Cic.: praecepta omnium [[communia]] et contrita, Cic.: amicorum [[esse]] [[communia]] [[omnia]], Cic.: [[communia]] [[esse]] amicorum [[inter]] se [[omnia]], Cic.: [[omnia]] ei cum amicis fuisse [[communia]], Nep.: [[mors]] omni aetati est c., Cic.: [[paries]] [[domui]] [[utrique]] c., Ov.: [[pernicies]] ([[sum]]) c. adulescentibus, Ter.: [[multa]] sunt civibus [[inter]] se c., Cic.: alterum [[nobis]] cum [[dis]], alterum cum beluis c. est, Sall.: [[quocum]] fuit [[domus]] et [[militia]] c., Cic.: u. so [[oft]] alqd cum alqo c. habere ([[von]] Reisig Vorll. § 374 [[für]] unlat. gehalten), s. [[Quint]]. 5, 10, 110. Sen. contr. 1, 1, 25. Sen. ep. 48, 3 u. 74, 17 a. Apul. de deo Socr. 13 extr. (vgl. [[Krebs]]-Schmalz Antib. S. 308. Aufl. 7.). – B) subst., commūne, is, n., das gemeinschaftliche [[Besitz]]- od. Nutzstück, das [[Gemeingut]], das gemeinschaftliche [[Vermögen]] [[einer]] [[Korporation]], [[privatus]] illis [[census]] erat [[brevis]], [[commune]] magnum ([[Gemeingut]], [[Staatsschatz]], griech. το κοινόν), Hor.: [[haud]] [[mediocriter]] de communi, [[quicquid]] poterat, ad se in privatam domum sevocabat, Cic.: [[quod]] [[ius]] statues communi dividundo, Cic.: de communi alqd consequi, ICt. – Plur., [[deinde]], ut communibus [[pro]] communibus utatur, privatis ut [[suis]], Cic.: [[communia]] laudas. Hor.: [[modo]] ne [[communia]] [[solus]] occupet, Ov. – Insbes., a) das [[Gemeinwesen]], die [[Kommune]], der [[Staat]] (griech. το κοινόν), Siciliae, [[Milyadum]], Cic.: gentis Pelasgae, Ov. – b) in [[commune]], adv. = α) [[für]] alle, zum gemeinschaftlichen Gebrauche, – [[Nutzen]], -[[Zweck]] (s. Heräus Tac. hist. 4, 64, 13. Bünem. Lact. 3, 21, 2 u. 3, 25, 1), in c. conferre, Cic.: in c. congerere, Tac.: in c. consulere, Ter. u.a.: in c. consultare, Tac.: [[omnia]] in c. possidēre, Lact.: in c. vocare honores, zum [[Gemeingut]] (der [[Patrizier]] u. [[Plebejer]]) [[machen]], Liv.: so [[auch]] in communi ponere libertatem, Tac. – β) im allgemeinen, [[überhaupt]], Quint., Plin. u. Tac. – dah. in [[Bausch]] und [[Bogen]] (Ggstz. [[nominatim]]), Tac. dial. 26. – γ) halbpart! Sen. u. Phaedr. – II) übtr., 1) subjekt., [[von]] Pers. ([[wie]] [[κοινός]]), a) alle im Staate gleichstellend, [[nicht]] exklusiv verfahrend, demokratisch [[gesinnt]], Cic. ep. 4, 9, 2. – b) [[sich]] andern gleichstellend, [[umgänglich]], v. höher Gestellten = [[leutselig]], herablassend (vgl. Gernh. Cic. de sen. 59. [[Halm]] Cic. Mur. 66. Ruhnken Suet. Cl. 21), Cic. u.a.: c. [[nimis]] [[circa]] omnes, Eutr.: Cyrum minorem communem [[erga]] Lysandrum [[atque]] humanum fuisse, Cic.: ut [[communis]] infimis, [[par]] principibus videretur, Nep.: [[quis]] Laelio communior, Cic. Mur. 66: [[nec]] [[ullo]] spectaculi genere communior [[aut]] remissior erat, Suet. Claud. 21. – 2) [[gemein]], [[gewöhnlich]], mimi, Cic. ep. 7, 1, 1: communes [[manus]], id est [[non]] lotae, Vulg. Marc. 7, 2 u. 5: [[numquam]] manducavi [[commune]] et immundum, Vulg. act. apost. 10, 14: cum diceret [[nil]] [[esse]] communius, Treb. Poll. Gallien. 17, 5. | |||
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{{LaZh | |||
|lnztxt=communis, e. ''adj''. ''c''. ''s''. :: 公同者。凡。温和。 In commune conferre pecuniam 攤錢。Communi sensu carere 其言不近人情。Loca communia 官地方。 Mare est commune omnibus (''dat''.) 海是衆人者。Commune sepulchrum 窮人之墓。Vir communis 欵待。爲四海者。 | |||
}} | }} |
Latest revision as of 18:10, 12 June 2024
Latin > English
communis communis, commune ADJ :: common/joint/public; general/universal; ordinary; sociable, courteous; related
communis communis communis, commune ADJ :: neutral, impartial (Mars); applicable on either side; same form for two cases
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
com-mūnis: (comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. con and root mu-, to bind; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: immunis, munus, moenia,
I that is common to several or to all, common, general, universal, public (opp. proprius, that belongs to one: quod commune cum alio est, desinet esse proprium, Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and every species of composition); constr. with cum, dat., inter se, or absol.
I Prop.: vetus verbum hoc quidem est: Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18: vinea vulpibus et hominibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5: sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque Troja, Cat. 68, 89: is fit ei cum Roscio communis, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis commune est, Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the formula aliquid cum aliquo commune habere: vetustas habet aliquid commune cum multis, amor non habet, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2: cum rerum naturā... quid habere potest commune... gallinaceum fel, id. Div. 2, 12, 29: controversia. quae communes minime cum aliis quaestiones habet, Quint. 5, 10, 110: illum... nihil vobiscum commune habentem, Sen. Const. 15, 2: sciat, se nihil mecum habere commune, id. Ben. 7, 12, 2: omnia cum amico communia habebit, qui multa cum homine, id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum natura) quidquam commune cum caelo, Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B: vitium commune omnium est, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555: communis imperii (i. e. Romani) fines, Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf. libertas, id. Sest. 1, 1: salus, id. ib. 6, 15: utilitas, Nep. Alcib. 4, 6: mors, natural, Eutr. 7, 8: verba, i. e. prose, Claud. Epig. 81, 3: jus gentium, Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae ignarus, ignorant of life, i. e. of the customs of society, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.: sensu caret, of a sense of propriety, Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.: sit in beneficio sensus communis, Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf. also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers, Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: communis locus, euphem., the lower world, Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a brothel, Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.: loca, public places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1; but loci, in philos. lang., a commonplace, common topic, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. locus.—
B Subst.: commūne, is, n., that which is common.
1 In gen., plur.: ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20: paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas, publicity, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In sing.: de communi aliquid consequi, Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3: jus communi dividundo, Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—
2 Esp. = τὸ κοινόν, a community, state: commune Latium, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.: Commune Milyadum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95: Siciliae, id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145; 2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae, Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.: communis Graecia, id. ib. 13, 199; and: res communis = respublica, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—
b In commune.
(a) For common use, for all, for a common object, end, advantage, etc.: metuere, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20: consulere, Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5: conferre, Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8: vocare honores, i. e. to bestow equally upon patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18: profutura, Quint. 6, 1, 7: laborare (apes), id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi: ponere libertatem, Tac. A. 13, 27.—
(b) In general, generally (in post-Aug. prose): de jure omni disputandum, Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—
(g) Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—
II Trop.
A That represents the common sentiment, democratic: qui in bello... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum magis communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—
B Of manners, accessible, familiar, courteous, condescending, affable (kindr. in sense with comis; hence in MSS. very freq. interchanged with it; v. comis): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) par est, Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: communis infimis, par principibus, Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. communitas.—Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).—Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—
C T. t.
1 In rhet.: commune exordium, quod nihilo minus in hanc quam in contrariam partem causae potest convenire, equally appropriate to either side of a cause, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—
2 In gram.: verbum, a common verb, i. e. one that has both an active and passive signification, Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: syllaba = anceps, i. e. either long or short, Don. p. 1389 P.; Charis. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.: genus, of both masculine and feminine gender, Charis. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.
1 Class. form commū-nĭter, together, in common, jointly, generally (very freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. proprie, Quint. 9, 1, 23; opp. separatim, Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—* Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—
2 commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
commūnis,⁷ e (anc. lat. commoinis ; cf. mœnia, munus),
1 commun, qui appartient à plusieurs ou à tous : communis libertas Cic. Sest. 1 ; salus Cic. Sest. 15, la liberté commune, le salut commun : locus communis Pl. Cas. 19, le séjour des morts (le commun séjour) [ Sen. Rhet. Contr. 1, 2, 5, maison publique]; loca communia Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 112, lieux publics ; loci communes Cic. Or. 126, etc., lieux communs (v. locus) ; vita communis Cic. de Or. 1, 248, la vie de tous les jours (de tout le monde) || commun à, en commun avec (res alicui cum aliquo communis, chose que qqn a en commun avec qqn ; res hominum communis ou res inter homines communis, chose commune aux hommes) : onus, quod mihi commune tecum est Cic. CM 2, fardeau qui nous est commun à tous deux ; cum rerum natura quid habere potest commune gallinaceum fel ? Cic. Div. 2, 29, qu’est-ce qu’un fiel de coq peut avoir de commun avec la nature universelle ? || memoria communis est multarum artium Cic. Or. 54, la mémoire est une faculté commune à beaucoup d’arts ; communis imperatorum fortuna Cic. de Or. 2, 196, sort qui peut échoir à tous les généraux ; quorum facinus est commune, cur non sit eorum præda communis ? Cic. Phil. 2, 72, ceux qui ont partagé le crime, pourquoi ne partageraient-ils pas le butin ? multa sunt civibus inter se communia Cic. Off. 1, 53, les citoyens d’une cité ont beaucoup de choses en commun || in commune, v. commune || commun, ordinaire : communes mimi Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 1, des mimes ordinaires (comme on en voit dans tous les jeux publics) || [gramm.] commune verbum Gell. 15, 13, 1, verbe à forme passive qui a les deux sens, actif et passif ; commune genus, genre masculin et féminin ; communis syllaba, syllabe commune (longue ou brève)
2 accessible à tous, affable, ouvert, avenant : quemquamne existimas Catone communiorem fuisse ? Cic. Mur. 66, y eut-il, à ton avis, qqn d’un commerce plus agréable que Caton ? cf. Læl. 65 ; *CM 59 ; Fam. 4, 9, 2 ; Nep. Att. 3, 1.
Latin > German (Georges)
commūnis, e (altlat. commoinis; vgl. moenia, munus), I) mehreren od. allen gemeinsam, -gemein, gemeinschaftlich, öffentlich, allgemein, gewöhnlich (Ggstz. proprius, einem eigentümlich), A) adi.: vita, das alltägliche Leben, Cic.: salutatio c., überall üblich, Cic.: mens c., Cic.: mimi c., oft gesehene, gewöhnliche, Cic.: communi monetā, mit gewöhnlichem Stempel, Iuven.: homo vitae communis ignarus, der nicht zu leben weiß, ohne Lebensart, Cic.: sensus c., s. sēnsus: una domus, communia omnia, Gemeinschaft in allem, Cic. – locus c., euphemist. = Unterwelt, Plaut., u. = Bordell, Sen.: loca c., öffentliche Orte, Cic.: dagegen loci c., Gemeinplätze in der Philosophie, Cic. – als rhet. t. t., exordium c., auch auf den entgegengesetzten Teil passend, Cic. – als gramm. t. t., verbum c., das auf or ausgehend sowohl aktive als passive Bedeutung hat, Gell.: syllaba, doppelzeitig (= anceps), Gramm.: genus, sowohl männlichen als weiblichen Geschlechts, Charis. – oft m. einem (jedoch mehr das dabeistehende Nomen ergänzenden) Genet., od. m. einem (oft an das Verbum esse sich anlehnenden) Dat., od. m. cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se, zB. c. classis Graeciae, Nep.: hostes c. omnium, Cic.: c. hominum infirmitas, Cic.: praecepta omnium communia et contrita, Cic.: amicorum esse communia omnia, Cic.: communia esse amicorum inter se omnia, Cic.: omnia ei cum amicis fuisse communia, Nep.: mors omni aetati est c., Cic.: paries domui utrique c., Ov.: pernicies (sum) c. adulescentibus, Ter.: multa sunt civibus inter se c., Cic.: alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis c. est, Sall.: quocum fuit domus et militia c., Cic.: u. so oft alqd cum alqo c. habere (von Reisig Vorll. § 374 für unlat. gehalten), s. Quint. 5, 10, 110. Sen. contr. 1, 1, 25. Sen. ep. 48, 3 u. 74, 17 a. Apul. de deo Socr. 13 extr. (vgl. Krebs-Schmalz Antib. S. 308. Aufl. 7.). – B) subst., commūne, is, n., das gemeinschaftliche Besitz- od. Nutzstück, das Gemeingut, das gemeinschaftliche Vermögen einer Korporation, privatus illis census erat brevis, commune magnum (Gemeingut, Staatsschatz, griech. το κοινόν), Hor.: haud mediocriter de communi, quicquid poterat, ad se in privatam domum sevocabat, Cic.: quod ius statues communi dividundo, Cic.: de communi alqd consequi, ICt. – Plur., deinde, ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis, Cic.: communia laudas. Hor.: modo ne communia solus occupet, Ov. – Insbes., a) das Gemeinwesen, die Kommune, der Staat (griech. το κοινόν), Siciliae, Milyadum, Cic.: gentis Pelasgae, Ov. – b) in commune, adv. = α) für alle, zum gemeinschaftlichen Gebrauche, – Nutzen, -Zweck (s. Heräus Tac. hist. 4, 64, 13. Bünem. Lact. 3, 21, 2 u. 3, 25, 1), in c. conferre, Cic.: in c. congerere, Tac.: in c. consulere, Ter. u.a.: in c. consultare, Tac.: omnia in c. possidēre, Lact.: in c. vocare honores, zum Gemeingut (der Patrizier u. Plebejer) machen, Liv.: so auch in communi ponere libertatem, Tac. – β) im allgemeinen, überhaupt, Quint., Plin. u. Tac. – dah. in Bausch und Bogen (Ggstz. nominatim), Tac. dial. 26. – γ) halbpart! Sen. u. Phaedr. – II) übtr., 1) subjekt., von Pers. (wie κοινός), a) alle im Staate gleichstellend, nicht exklusiv verfahrend, demokratisch gesinnt, Cic. ep. 4, 9, 2. – b) sich andern gleichstellend, umgänglich, v. höher Gestellten = leutselig, herablassend (vgl. Gernh. Cic. de sen. 59. Halm Cic. Mur. 66. Ruhnken Suet. Cl. 21), Cic. u.a.: c. nimis circa omnes, Eutr.: Cyrum minorem communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse, Cic.: ut communis infimis, par principibus videretur, Nep.: quis Laelio communior, Cic. Mur. 66: nec ullo spectaculi genere communior aut remissior erat, Suet. Claud. 21. – 2) gemein, gewöhnlich, mimi, Cic. ep. 7, 1, 1: communes manus, id est non lotae, Vulg. Marc. 7, 2 u. 5: numquam manducavi commune et immundum, Vulg. act. apost. 10, 14: cum diceret nil esse communius, Treb. Poll. Gallien. 17, 5.
Latin > Chinese
communis, e. adj. c. s. :: 公同者。凡。温和。 In commune conferre pecuniam 攤錢。Communi sensu carere 其言不近人情。Loca communia 官地方。 Mare est commune omnibus (dat.) 海是衆人者。Commune sepulchrum 窮人之墓。Vir communis 欵待。爲四海者。