ὀμνύω: Difference between revisions
Τὸ νικᾶν αὐτὸν αὑτὸν πασῶν νικῶν πρώτη τε καὶ ἀρίστη. Τὸ δὲ ἡττᾶσθαι αὐτὸν ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ πάντων αἴσχιστόν τε ἅμα καὶ κάκιστον. → Τo conquer yourself is the first and best victory of all, while to be conquered by yourself is of all the most shameful as well as evil
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|txtha=(Matthew 23:20; Matthew 26:74; Hebrews 6:16; James 5:12; ( Winer's Grammar, 24)) and [[ὄμνυμι]] (ὀμνύναι, Mark 14:71 G L T Tr WH (cf. B. 45 (39))) [[form]] [[their]] tenses from ὈΜΟΩ; [[hence]], 1aorist [[ὤμοσα]]; the Sept. for נִשְׁבַּע ; to [[swear]]; to [[affirm]], [[promise]], [[threaten]], [[with]] an [[oath]]: [[absolutely]], followed by [[direct]] [[discourse]], Matthew 26:74; Mark 14:71; Hebrews 7:21; followed by εἰ, Hebrews 3:11; Hebrews 4:3; [[see]] εἰ I:5. ὀμνύειν ὅρκον ([[often]] so in Greek writings from [[Homer]] [[down]] ( Winer's Grammar, 226 (212))) [[πρός]] τινα, to [[one]] ( [[Homer]], [[Odyssey]] 14,331; 19,288), Luke 1:73; ὀμνύειν [[with]] the dative of the [[person]] to whom [[one]] promises or threatens [[something]] [[with]] an [[oath]]: followed by [[direct]] [[discourse]] Mark 6:23; by an infinitive ( Winer's Grammar, 331 (311)), Hebrews 3:18; [[with]] ὅρκῳ added, Acts 2:30 ( Winer's Grammar, 603 (561)); τίνι τί, Acts 7:17 ( Rec. i. e. genitive by [[attraction]]; cf. Buttmann, § 143,8; Winer's Grammar, § 24,1). [[that]] by [[which]] [[one]] swears is indicated by an accusative, τινα or τί (so in classical Greek from [[Homer]] [[down]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 32,1b. γ.; Buttmann, 147 (128))), in [[swearing]] to [[call]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] as [[witness]], to [[invoke]], [[swear]] by ( Isaiah 65:16; Josephus, Antiquities 5,1, 2; 7,14, 5); [[τόν]] οὐρανόν, [[τήν]] γῆν, James 5:12; [[with]] prepositions (cf. Buttmann, as [[above]]): [[κατά]] τίνος ([[see]] [[κατά]], I:2a.), Hebrews 6:13,16 ( Genesis 22:16; Genesis 31:54; 1 Samuel 28:10 ( Complutensian); Isaiah 45:23; Isaiah 62:8; Amos 4:2; [[Demosthenes]], p. 553,17; 553,26 (others, ἐπομνύειν), etc.; [[κατά]] πάντων ὠμνυε [[θεῶν]], Long. [[past]]. 4,16); in [[imitation]] of the [[Hebrew]] נִשְׁבַּע followed by בְּ, ἐν τίνι is used ( Winer s Grammar, 389 (364); Buttmann, the [[passage]] cited; [[see]] ἐν, I:8{b}): Matthew 5:34,36; Matthew 23:16,18, 20-22; Revelation 10:6; [[εἰς]] εἰ, [[with]] the [[mind]] directed [[unto]] ( Winer s Grammar, 397 (371); Buttmann, as [[above]]; [[see]] [[εἰς]], B. II:2a.), Matthew 5:35. | |txtha=(Matthew 23:20; Matthew 26:74; Hebrews 6:16; James 5:12; ( Winer's Grammar, 24)) and [[ὄμνυμι]] (ὀμνύναι, Mark 14:71 G L T Tr WH (cf. B. 45 (39))) [[form]] [[their]] tenses from ὈΜΟΩ; [[hence]], 1aorist [[ὤμοσα]]; the Sept. for נִשְׁבַּע; to [[swear]]; to [[affirm]], [[promise]], [[threaten]], [[with]] an [[oath]]: [[absolutely]], followed by [[direct]] [[discourse]], Matthew 26:74; Mark 14:71; Hebrews 7:21; followed by εἰ, Hebrews 3:11; Hebrews 4:3; [[see]] εἰ I:5. ὀμνύειν ὅρκον ([[often]] so in Greek writings from [[Homer]] [[down]] ( Winer's Grammar, 226 (212))) [[πρός]] τινα, to [[one]] ( [[Homer]], [[Odyssey]] 14,331; 19,288), Luke 1:73; ὀμνύειν [[with]] the dative of the [[person]] to whom [[one]] promises or threatens [[something]] [[with]] an [[oath]]: followed by [[direct]] [[discourse]] Mark 6:23; by an infinitive ( Winer's Grammar, 331 (311)), Hebrews 3:18; [[with]] ὅρκῳ added, Acts 2:30 ( Winer's Grammar, 603 (561)); τίνι τί, Acts 7:17 ( Rec. i. e. genitive by [[attraction]]; cf. Buttmann, § 143,8; Winer's Grammar, § 24,1). [[that]] by [[which]] [[one]] swears is indicated by an accusative, τινα or τί (so in classical Greek from [[Homer]] [[down]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 32,1b. γ.; Buttmann, 147 (128))), in [[swearing]] to [[call]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] as [[witness]], to [[invoke]], [[swear]] by ( Isaiah 65:16; Josephus, Antiquities 5,1, 2; 7,14, 5); [[τόν]] οὐρανόν, [[τήν]] γῆν, James 5:12; [[with]] prepositions (cf. Buttmann, as [[above]]): [[κατά]] τίνος ([[see]] [[κατά]], I:2a.), Hebrews 6:13,16 ( Genesis 22:16; Genesis 31:54; 1 Samuel 28:10 ( Complutensian); Isaiah 45:23; Isaiah 62:8; Amos 4:2; [[Demosthenes]], p. 553,17; 553,26 (others, ἐπομνύειν), etc.; [[κατά]] πάντων ὠμνυε [[θεῶν]], Long. [[past]]. 4,16); in [[imitation]] of the [[Hebrew]] נִשְׁבַּע followed by בְּ, ἐν τίνι is used ( Winer s Grammar, 389 (364); Buttmann, the [[passage]] cited; [[see]] ἐν, I:8{b}): Matthew 5:34,36; Matthew 23:16,18, 20-22; Revelation 10:6; [[εἰς]] εἰ, [[with]] the [[mind]] directed [[unto]] ( Winer s Grammar, 397 (371); Buttmann, as [[above]]; [[see]] [[εἰς]], B. II:2a.), Matthew 5:35. | ||
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Revision as of 09:17, 23 May 2021
English (LSJ)
v. ὄμνυμι.
German (Pape)
[Seite 333] = Vorigem; bei Hom. im imperf.; bei den Attikern einzeln, Xen. u. Dem. S. unter ὄμνυμι. Am gebräuchlichsten in der mittleren u. neuern Comödie, s. Porson Eur. Med. 744.
French (Bailly abrégé)
c. ὄμνυμι.
English (Autenrieth)
imp. ὄμνυθι, ὀμνυέτω, ipf. ὤμνυε, fut. ὀμοῦμαι, -εῖται, aor. ὤμοσα, ὄμο(ς)σα: take oath, swear; ὅρκον (τινί, or πρός τινα), Il. 3.279, Od. 14.331; foll. by inf., also w. acc. of the person or thing in whose name, or by whom or which, the oath is taken, Il. 14.271, Il. 15.40.
English (Strong)
a prolonged form of a primary, but obsolete omo, for which another prolonged form omoo is used in certain tenses; to swear, i.e. take (or declare on) oath: swear.
English (Thayer)
(Matthew 23:20; Matthew 26:74; Hebrews 6:16; James 5:12; ( Winer's Grammar, 24)) and ὄμνυμι (ὀμνύναι, Mark 14:71 G L T Tr WH (cf. B. 45 (39))) form their tenses from ὈΜΟΩ; hence, 1aorist ὤμοσα; the Sept. for נִשְׁבַּע; to swear; to affirm, promise, threaten, with an oath: absolutely, followed by direct discourse, Matthew 26:74; Mark 14:71; Hebrews 7:21; followed by εἰ, Hebrews 3:11; Hebrews 4:3; see εἰ I:5. ὀμνύειν ὅρκον (often so in Greek writings from Homer down ( Winer's Grammar, 226 (212))) πρός τινα, to one ( Homer, Odyssey 14,331; 19,288), Luke 1:73; ὀμνύειν with the dative of the person to whom one promises or threatens something with an oath: followed by direct discourse Mark 6:23; by an infinitive ( Winer's Grammar, 331 (311)), Hebrews 3:18; with ὅρκῳ added, Acts 2:30 ( Winer's Grammar, 603 (561)); τίνι τί, Acts 7:17 ( Rec. i. e. genitive by attraction; cf. Buttmann, § 143,8; Winer's Grammar, § 24,1). that by which one swears is indicated by an accusative, τινα or τί (so in classical Greek from Homer down (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 32,1b. γ.; Buttmann, 147 (128))), in swearing to call a person or thing as witness, to invoke, swear by ( Isaiah 65:16; Josephus, Antiquities 5,1, 2; 7,14, 5); τόν οὐρανόν, τήν γῆν, James 5:12; with prepositions (cf. Buttmann, as above): κατά τίνος (see κατά, I:2a.), Hebrews 6:13,16 ( Genesis 22:16; Genesis 31:54; 1 Samuel 28:10 ( Complutensian); Isaiah 45:23; Isaiah 62:8; Amos 4:2; Demosthenes, p. 553,17; 553,26 (others, ἐπομνύειν), etc.; κατά πάντων ὠμνυε θεῶν, Long. past. 4,16); in imitation of the Hebrew נִשְׁבַּע followed by בְּ, ἐν τίνι is used ( Winer s Grammar, 389 (364); Buttmann, the passage cited; see ἐν, I:8{b}): Matthew 5:34,36; Matthew 23:16,18, 20-22; Revelation 10:6; εἰς εἰ, with the mind directed unto ( Winer s Grammar, 397 (371); Buttmann, as above; see εἰς, B. II:2a.), Matthew 5:35.
Greek Monolingual
(ΑΜ ὀμνύω, Α και ὄμνυμι)
1. ορκίζομαι, παίρνω όρκο («ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν μὴ ὀμόσαι ὅλως», ΚΔ)
2. βεβαιώνω κάτι με όρκο, παρέχω ένορκη διαβεβαίωση («ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὤμοσεν τὴν εἰρήνην ὁ Φίλιππος», Δημοσθ.).
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Αβέβαιης ετυμολ. Έχει γίνει προσπάθεια να συνδεθεί το ρ. με το αρχ. ινδ. amiti, το οποίο κατά την επικρατέστερη άποψη σημαίνει «πιάνω, αρπάζω, δράττομαι» (πρβλ. τη φρ. rtam āmit «ορκίζεται στον rta»). Σύμφωνα με την ίδια άποψη, και η ελλ. φρ. ὅρκον ὀμνύναι σημαίνει «πιάνω τον όρκο», δηλ. το ιερό αντικείμενο στο οποίο ορκίζομαι (βλ. λ. όρκος) και, επομένως, υπάρχει στήριγμα για τη σύνδεση του ελλ. ρ. με την αρχ. ινδ. λ. Προβλήματα γεννά, εξάλλου, και η μορφολογία του ρ. Ο αόρ. ὤμοσα, ο οποίος είναι αναμφισβήτητα αρχ., οδηγεί σε θ. ὀμο-, οπότε η αναμενόμενη μορφή του μέλλ. θα ήταν ὀμοῦμαι < ὀμό-ομαι και όχι < ὀμέομαι. Η άποψη αυτή στηρίζεται και στο ομηρ. κείμενο, όπου απαντά ο μέλλ. ὀμοῦμαι, ο οποίος πρέπει να αναχθεί σε ὀμόομαι, αφού ο τ. ὀμέομαι στην ομηρ. γλώσσα θα έδινε ὀμεῦμαι. Ωστόσο, η πιο πιθανή άποψη είναι ότι ο μέλλ. ὀμοῦμαι ακολουθεί κατά την κλίση τους μέλλ. σε -οῦμαι / -έομαι (πρβλ. θορέομαι μέλλ. του θρώσκω). Ο παρακμ. ὀμ-ώμο-κα είναι νεώτερος σχηματ. που απαντά για πρώτη φορά στην Αττική (αττ. διπλασιασμός). Τέλος, η μετάσταση του αθέματου ενεστ. ὄμνυμι στη θεματική συζυγία (ὀμνύ-ω) έγινε μέσω παλαιών τ. της μτχ. (ὀμνύ-ων) και του γ' πληθ. (ὀμνύ-ουσι, ὤμνυ-ον), πρβλ. δείκνυμι: δεικνύω.
ΠΑΡ. αρχ. ομοτός
αρχ.-μσν.
ομότης.
ΣΥΝΘ. (Β συνθετικό) αρχ. ανθυπόμνυμι, ανταπόμνυμι, αντόμνυμι, απόμνυμι, διόμνυμι, εξόμνυμι, επόμνυμι, κατόμνυμι, προόμνυμι, προσεπόμνυμι, προσόμνυμι, συνεξόμνυμι, συνεπόμνυμι, συνόμνυμι, υπόμνυμι].
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ὀμνύω: (ῠ) (только 1 л. sing. praes. 3 л. sing. imper. ὀμνυέτω и 3 л. sing. impf. ὤμνυε) Hom., Xen. = ὄμνυμι.
Chinese
原文音譯:ÑmnÚw 翁匿哦
詞類次數:動詞(27)
原文字根:起誓 相當於: (שָׁבַע)
字義溯源:起誓*,起(誓),誓,承諾,宣誓,立誓證實
同源字:1) (ἐνορκίζω)宣誓 2) (ἐξορκίζω)要求發誓 3) (ἐξορκιστής)受誓言約束者 4) (ἐπιορκέω)犯偽誓罪 5) (ἐπίορκος)起(誓) 6) (ὄμνυμι / ὀμνύω)起誓 7) (ἐνορκίζω / ὁρκίζω)宣誓 8) (ὅρκος)確定 9) (ὁρκωμοσία)鄭重起誓 10) (συνωμοσία)同心起誓
出現次數:總共(27);太(13);可(2);路(1);徒(2);來(7);雅(1);啓(1)
譯字彙編:
1) 起誓(13) 太5:34; 太5:36; 太23:20; 太23:21; 太23:22; 可6:23; 可14:71; 來3:18; 來6:13; 來6:13; 來6:16; 雅5:12; 啓10:6;
2) 起誓的(7) 太23:16; 太23:16; 太23:18; 太23:18; 太23:20; 太23:21; 太23:22;
3) 我⋯起誓說(2) 來3:11; 來4:3;
4) 他⋯所起的(1) 路1:73;
5) 起了誓(1) 來7:21;
6) 曾起誓(1) 徒2:30;
7) 起誓的說(1) 太26:74;
8) 承諾(1) 徒7:17