enim: Difference between revisions
λύχνον μεθ' ἡμέραν ἅψας περιῄει λέγων ἄνθρωπον ζητῶ → he lit a lamp in broad daylight and said, as he went about, I am looking for a man
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|lshtext=<b>ĕnim</b>:<br /><b>I</b> conj. [comp. of ĕ for pronom. [[stem]] i, and nam], a [[demonstrative]] corroborative [[particle]]. (Its [[position]] is [[regularly]] [[after]] the [[first]] [[word]], or the [[first]] [[two]] or [[more]] [[closely]] [[connected]] words in the [[sentence]]; [[only]] in the [[comic]] writers [[sometimes]] at the [[beginning]]. Put [[after]] est in the [[fourth]] [[place]]: in eo est [[enim]] illud, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67: ab omnibus est [[enim]], etc., id. Deiot. 13, 37; al., see [[below]]. Put [[after]] [[quoque]]: id [[quoque]] [[enim]] traditur, Liv. 2, 18; 3, 50; 23, 12; 27, 22; 30, 1; 33, 30; 36, 27; [[but]] not in [[Cicero]], v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 108, p. 325.—Sometimes it divides an [[apparent]] [[compound]]: [[quotus]] [[enim]] [[quisque]], Tac. Or. 26 fin.)<br /><b>I</b> To [[corroborate]] a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], [[like]] [[equidem]], [[certe]], [[vero]]; [[hence]] freq. [[connected]] [[with]] these particles, esp. [[with]] [[vero]] (v. under B.), [[truly]], [[certainly]], to be [[sure]], [[indeed]], in [[fact]]: Ch. Te [[uxor]] aiebat tua Me vocare. St. Ego [[enim]] vocari jussi, [[certainly]], I did [[order]] [[you]] to be called, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 2: ornanda est [[enim]] [[dignitas]] [[domo]], Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139: in his est [[enim]] [[aliqua]] [[obscuritas]], in [[fact]], [[indeed]], id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78: [[ille]] ([[Dumnorix]]) [[enim]] revocatus resistere ac se manu defendere coepit, in [[fact]], [[indeed]], Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 8: tum M. [[Metilius]], id [[enim]] ferendum esse negat, it [[was]] [[really]] not to be endured, Liv. 22, 25: [[enim]] [[istaec]] [[captio]] est, this is [[clearly]] a [[trick]], Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 36: [[enim]] me nominat, [[positively]] he mentions my [[name]], id. Trin. 5, 2, 10: [[enim]] non [[ibis]] [[nunc]] [[vicissim]], [[nisi]] [[scio]], [[you]] shall [[positively]] not go, id. Pers. 2, 2, 54; id. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf. id. Most. 5, 2, 12: Th. Quid [[tute]] [[tecum]]? Tr. Nihil [[enim]], [[nothing]] [[truly]], Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 24; so, [[nihil]] [[enim]], Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 22; id. Hec. 5, 4, 10; cf.: [[enim]] [[nihil]], Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 51: Pa. Quid metuis? Se. Enim ne [[nosmet]] perdiderimus [[uspiam]], id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: tua pol [[refert]] [[enim]], id. Stich. 4, 2, 36: [[certe]] [[enim]] hic [[nescio]] [[quis]] loquitur, id. Am. 1, 1, 175: [[certe]] [[enim]], id. ib. 2, 2, 26; id. As. 3, 3, 24; Ter. And. 3, 2, 23.—So [[too]] in [[ironical]] or [[indignant]] [[discourse]]: tu [[enim]] repertu's Philocratem qui superes veriverbio! [[you]] [[indeed]]! Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 36: ex his duo sibi putant concedi: [[neque]] [[enim]] [[quisquam]] repugnat, Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 41 Goer.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 8; id. Deiot. 12, 33 sq.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 13; id. Phil. 7, 8; Liv. 7, 32; 34, 7; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44 al.: non assequimur. Isti [[enim]] [[videlicet]] Attici nostri [[quod]] volunt, assequuntur, Cic. Brut. 84, 288; so ([[with]] [[videlicet]]), id. Font. 9, 19; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: Ca. Faxo [[haut]] tantillum dederis verborum mihi. Me. Nempe [[enim]] tu, [[credo]], me imprudentem obrepseris, [[yes]], [[indeed]], I [[believe]] [[you]] are [[trying]] to [[take]] me in, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 23.—<br /> <b>B</b> Strengthened by [[vero]], and combined [[with]] it [[into]] one [[word]], ĕnimvēro ([[unlike]] [[enim]], [[usually]] [[beginning]] the [[sentence]]), [[yes]] [[indeed]], [[yes]] [[truly]], of a [[truth]], to be [[sure]], [[certainly]], [[indeed]]: [[enimvero]] [[Chremes]] [[nimis]] [[graviter]] cruciat adulescentulum, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1: [[enimvero]], inquit [[Crassus]], mirari [[satis]] non [[queo]], etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 36; Liv. 5, 25; 1, 51 fin.: [[postridie]] [[mane]] ab eo [[postulo]], ut, etc.: [[ille]] [[enimvero]] negat, and of a [[truth]], he denies it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; so, [[ille]] [[enimvero]], id. ib. 2, 5, 39; Liv. 3, 35 fin.: hic [[enimvero]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60: [[enimvero]] [[iste]], id. ib. 2, 3, 25.—In corroborating replies (cf. [[certe]], I. A. 2.): Me. Ain [[vero]]? So. Aio [[enimvero]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 188; cf. id. Pers. 2, 2, 2: Sy. Eho, [[quaeso]], an tu is es? Ch. Is [[enim]] [[vero]] [[sum]], id. Trin. 4, 2, 145: Al. Tun' te abisse [[hodie]] [[hinc]] negas? Am. Nego [[enimvero]], id. Am. 2, 2, 127; id. As. 3, 3, 98; id. Am. 1, 1, 254: Pa. Incommode [[hercle]]. Ch. Immo [[enimvero]] [[infeliciter]], Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 37.—And in [[ironical]] or [[indignant]] [[discourse]]: Da. Ubi voles, arcesse. Si. Bene [[sane]]: id [[enimvero]] hic [[nunc]] abest, [[that]], to be [[sure]], is [[wanting]] here as [[yet]], Ter. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 1: [[enimvero]] ferendum hoc [[quidem]] non est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 43, 1; cf. id. 6, 14; 25, 41; 27, 30; 33, 46; 34, 58.<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> To [[prove]] or [[show]] the grounds of a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], for: haec sunt non [[nugae]]; non [[enim]] [[mortualia]], Plaut. As. 4, 1, 63: mihi [[vero]] omne [[tempus]] est ad meos libros [[vacuum]]: [[numquam]] [[enim]] sunt [[illi]] occupati, Cic. Rep. 1, 9: quas (geometricas formas) ut vidisset, exclamavisse, ut bono essent [[animo]], videre [[enim]] se hominum vestigia, id. ib. 1, 17 et saep. —In parenthetical sentences: [[quocirca]] (dicendum est [[enim]] saepius), cum judicaveris, diligere [[oportet]], Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22: rumpor et [[invideo]] ([[quid]] [[enim]] non omnia narrem?), etc., Ov. H. 16, 221: di maris et caeli ([[quid]] [[enim]] [[nisi]] vota supersunt?), etc., id. Tr. 1, 2, 1 et saep.—<br /> <b>2</b> Sometimes the [[assertion]], the [[reason]] for [[which]] is given, is to be mentally supplied, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; id. Leg. 2, 7, 17: Am. Qui [[istuc]] [[potis]] est fieri, [[quaeso]], ut [[dicis]], jam [[dudum]], [[modo]]? Al. Quid [[enim]] censes? te ut deludam [[contra]]? etc., [[what]] [[then]] do [[you]] [[think]]? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 124; Curt. 5, 8; 10, 2 al.—So the [[expression]]: [[quid]] [[enim]] dicam? [[commonly]] ellipt.: [[quid]] [[enim]]? qs. for [[what]] can be objected to the [[assertion]] [[just]] made? [[quid]] [[enim]] de T. Tatio Sabino dicam, Liv. 4, 3, 12: [[quid]] [[enim]]? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum? Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72; 2, 28, 93; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; 2, 3, 132 et saep.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[explain]] a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], for [[instance]], [[namely]]: Sy. Si futurum est, do [[tibi]] operam hanc. Mi. Quomodo? Ut [[enim]], ubi mihi vapulandumst, tu [[corium]] sufferas, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33; Sc Metuo [[maxime]]. Pa. Quid metuis? Sc. Enim ne nos [[nosmet]] perdiderimus, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: Lu. Di me perdant, si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Qui jam? Lu. Quia [[enim]] obsorbui, [[why]] [[because]], id. ib. 3, 2, 21; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Capt. 4, 2, 104; id. Cas. 2, 6, 33; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 14: [[quod]] [[enim]], App. M. 9, p. 228, 16: non [[igitur]] videtur nec [[frumentarius]] [[ille]] Rhodios nec hic aedium [[venditor]] celare emptores debuisse. Neque [[enim]] id est celare, [[quicquid]] reticeas; sed cum, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 13 fin.: antiquissimam sententiam, tum omnium populorum et gentium consensu comprobatam [[sequor]]. Duo sunt [[enim]] divinandi genera, etc., id. Div. 1, 6, 11; cf. id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 6. See Hand, Turs. II. p. 374-409. | |lshtext=<b>ĕnim</b>:<br /><b>I</b> conj. [comp. of ĕ for pronom. [[stem]] i, and nam], a [[demonstrative]] corroborative [[particle]]. (Its [[position]] is [[regularly]] [[after]] the [[first]] [[word]], or the [[first]] [[two]] or [[more]] [[closely]] [[connected]] words in the [[sentence]]; [[only]] in the [[comic]] writers [[sometimes]] at the [[beginning]]. Put [[after]] est in the [[fourth]] [[place]]: in eo est [[enim]] illud, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67: ab omnibus est [[enim]], etc., id. Deiot. 13, 37; al., see [[below]]. Put [[after]] [[quoque]]: id [[quoque]] [[enim]] traditur, Liv. 2, 18; 3, 50; 23, 12; 27, 22; 30, 1; 33, 30; 36, 27; [[but]] not in [[Cicero]], v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 108, p. 325.—Sometimes it divides an [[apparent]] [[compound]]: [[quotus]] [[enim]] [[quisque]], Tac. Or. 26 fin.)<br /><b>I</b> To [[corroborate]] a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], [[like]] [[equidem]], [[certe]], [[vero]]; [[hence]] freq. [[connected]] [[with]] these particles, esp. [[with]] [[vero]] (v. under B.), [[truly]], [[certainly]], to be [[sure]], [[indeed]], in [[fact]]: Ch. Te [[uxor]] aiebat tua Me vocare. St. Ego [[enim]] vocari jussi, [[certainly]], I did [[order]] [[you]] to be called, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 2: ornanda est [[enim]] [[dignitas]] [[domo]], Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139: in his est [[enim]] [[aliqua]] [[obscuritas]], in [[fact]], [[indeed]], id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78: [[ille]] ([[Dumnorix]]) [[enim]] revocatus resistere ac se manu defendere coepit, in [[fact]], [[indeed]], Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 8: tum M. [[Metilius]], id [[enim]] ferendum esse negat, it [[was]] [[really]] not to be endured, Liv. 22, 25: [[enim]] [[istaec]] [[captio]] est, this is [[clearly]] a [[trick]], Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 36: [[enim]] me nominat, [[positively]] he mentions my [[name]], id. Trin. 5, 2, 10: [[enim]] non [[ibis]] [[nunc]] [[vicissim]], [[nisi]] [[scio]], [[you]] shall [[positively]] not go, id. Pers. 2, 2, 54; id. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf. id. Most. 5, 2, 12: Th. Quid [[tute]] [[tecum]]? Tr. Nihil [[enim]], [[nothing]] [[truly]], Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 24; so, [[nihil]] [[enim]], Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 22; id. Hec. 5, 4, 10; cf.: [[enim]] [[nihil]], Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 51: Pa. Quid metuis? Se. Enim ne [[nosmet]] perdiderimus [[uspiam]], id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: tua pol [[refert]] [[enim]], id. Stich. 4, 2, 36: [[certe]] [[enim]] hic [[nescio]] [[quis]] loquitur, id. Am. 1, 1, 175: [[certe]] [[enim]], id. ib. 2, 2, 26; id. As. 3, 3, 24; Ter. And. 3, 2, 23.—So [[too]] in [[ironical]] or [[indignant]] [[discourse]]: tu [[enim]] repertu's Philocratem qui superes veriverbio! [[you]] [[indeed]]! Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 36: ex his duo sibi putant concedi: [[neque]] [[enim]] [[quisquam]] repugnat, Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 41 Goer.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 8; id. Deiot. 12, 33 sq.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 13; id. Phil. 7, 8; Liv. 7, 32; 34, 7; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44 al.: non assequimur. Isti [[enim]] [[videlicet]] Attici nostri [[quod]] volunt, assequuntur, Cic. Brut. 84, 288; so ([[with]] [[videlicet]]), id. Font. 9, 19; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: Ca. Faxo [[haut]] tantillum dederis verborum mihi. Me. Nempe [[enim]] tu, [[credo]], me imprudentem obrepseris, [[yes]], [[indeed]], I [[believe]] [[you]] are [[trying]] to [[take]] me in, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 23.—<br /> <b>B</b> Strengthened by [[vero]], and combined [[with]] it [[into]] one [[word]], ĕnimvēro ([[unlike]] [[enim]], [[usually]] [[beginning]] the [[sentence]]), [[yes]] [[indeed]], [[yes]] [[truly]], of a [[truth]], to be [[sure]], [[certainly]], [[indeed]]: [[enimvero]] [[Chremes]] [[nimis]] [[graviter]] cruciat adulescentulum, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1: [[enimvero]], inquit [[Crassus]], mirari [[satis]] non [[queo]], etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 36; Liv. 5, 25; 1, 51 fin.: [[postridie]] [[mane]] ab eo [[postulo]], ut, etc.: [[ille]] [[enimvero]] negat, and of a [[truth]], he denies it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; so, [[ille]] [[enimvero]], id. ib. 2, 5, 39; Liv. 3, 35 fin.: hic [[enimvero]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60: [[enimvero]] [[iste]], id. ib. 2, 3, 25.—In corroborating replies (cf. [[certe]], I. A. 2.): Me. Ain [[vero]]? So. Aio [[enimvero]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 188; cf. id. Pers. 2, 2, 2: Sy. Eho, [[quaeso]], an tu is es? Ch. Is [[enim]] [[vero]] [[sum]], id. Trin. 4, 2, 145: Al. Tun' te abisse [[hodie]] [[hinc]] negas? Am. Nego [[enimvero]], id. Am. 2, 2, 127; id. As. 3, 3, 98; id. Am. 1, 1, 254: Pa. Incommode [[hercle]]. Ch. Immo [[enimvero]] [[infeliciter]], Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 37.—And in [[ironical]] or [[indignant]] [[discourse]]: Da. Ubi voles, arcesse. Si. Bene [[sane]]: id [[enimvero]] hic [[nunc]] abest, [[that]], to be [[sure]], is [[wanting]] here as [[yet]], Ter. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 1: [[enimvero]] ferendum hoc [[quidem]] non est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 43, 1; cf. id. 6, 14; 25, 41; 27, 30; 33, 46; 34, 58.<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> To [[prove]] or [[show]] the grounds of a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], for: haec sunt non [[nugae]]; non [[enim]] [[mortualia]], Plaut. As. 4, 1, 63: mihi [[vero]] omne [[tempus]] est ad meos libros [[vacuum]]: [[numquam]] [[enim]] sunt [[illi]] occupati, Cic. Rep. 1, 9: quas (geometricas formas) ut vidisset, exclamavisse, ut bono essent [[animo]], videre [[enim]] se hominum vestigia, id. ib. 1, 17 et saep. —In parenthetical sentences: [[quocirca]] (dicendum est [[enim]] saepius), cum judicaveris, diligere [[oportet]], Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22: rumpor et [[invideo]] ([[quid]] [[enim]] non omnia narrem?), etc., Ov. H. 16, 221: di maris et caeli ([[quid]] [[enim]] [[nisi]] vota supersunt?), etc., id. Tr. 1, 2, 1 et saep.—<br /> <b>2</b> Sometimes the [[assertion]], the [[reason]] for [[which]] is given, is to be mentally supplied, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; id. Leg. 2, 7, 17: Am. Qui [[istuc]] [[potis]] est fieri, [[quaeso]], ut [[dicis]], jam [[dudum]], [[modo]]? Al. Quid [[enim]] censes? te ut deludam [[contra]]? etc., [[what]] [[then]] do [[you]] [[think]]? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 124; Curt. 5, 8; 10, 2 al.—So the [[expression]]: [[quid]] [[enim]] dicam? [[commonly]] ellipt.: [[quid]] [[enim]]? qs. for [[what]] can be objected to the [[assertion]] [[just]] made? [[quid]] [[enim]] de T. Tatio Sabino dicam, Liv. 4, 3, 12: [[quid]] [[enim]]? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum? Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72; 2, 28, 93; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; 2, 3, 132 et saep.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[explain]] a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], for [[instance]], [[namely]]: Sy. Si futurum est, do [[tibi]] operam hanc. Mi. Quomodo? Ut [[enim]], ubi mihi vapulandumst, tu [[corium]] sufferas, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33; Sc Metuo [[maxime]]. Pa. Quid metuis? Sc. Enim ne nos [[nosmet]] perdiderimus, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: Lu. Di me perdant, si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Qui jam? Lu. Quia [[enim]] obsorbui, [[why]] [[because]], id. ib. 3, 2, 21; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Capt. 4, 2, 104; id. Cas. 2, 6, 33; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 14: [[quod]] [[enim]], App. M. 9, p. 228, 16: non [[igitur]] videtur nec [[frumentarius]] [[ille]] Rhodios nec hic aedium [[venditor]] celare emptores debuisse. Neque [[enim]] id est celare, [[quicquid]] reticeas; sed cum, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 13 fin.: antiquissimam sententiam, tum omnium populorum et gentium consensu comprobatam [[sequor]]. Duo sunt [[enim]] divinandi genera, etc., id. Div. 1, 6, 11; cf. id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 6. See Hand, Turs. II. p. 374-409. | ||
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{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>ĕnim</b>,⁴ adverbe d’affirmation et conjonction.<br /> <b>I</b> adv.,<br /><b>1</b> c’[[est]] un fait, bien sûr : [[certe]] [[enim]] [[hic]] [[nescio]] [[quis]] loquitur Pl. Amph. 331, évidemment, c’[[est]] un fait, il y a ici qqn qui parle, je ne sais qui, cf. Aul. 811 ; Capt. 568 ; Cas. 323 ; Epid. 648, etc.; Cæs. G. 5, 7, 8 ; C. 2, 32, 7 ; Virg. En. 8, 84, etc.; Liv. 34, 7, 14 || [dans le dialogue] effectivement, parfaitement, oui : Pl. Cas. 280 ; 365 ; Ter. Andr. 503<br /><b>2</b> en fait, en réalité : Ter. Phorm. 694 ; [[immo]] [[enim]] [[nunc]] [[quom]] maxume... Ter. Andr. 823, bien au contraire, en fait, c’[[est]] maintenant [[plus]] que jamais que... ; [[nec]] nomina quæ sint [[est]] [[numerus]] ; [[neque]] [[enim]] [[numero]] comprendere [[refert]] Virg. G. 2, 104, il n’[[est]] pas possible d’énumérer les noms des vins ; et en fait une énumération [[est]] inutile ; populares ? [[quid]] [[enim]] [[eos]] [[per]] populum egisse ? Liv. 3, 39, 9, des partisans du peuple ? or, en fait, qu’avaient-ils fait par l’entremise du peuple ?<br /><b>3</b> expressions : <b> a)</b> at [[enim]] [dans le dialogue, en réponse] oui, mais ; je veux bien, mais : Pl. Trin. 806 ; Ter. Haut. 699 ; Cic. de Or. 3, 47 ; 3, 188 ; Off. 1, 144 || [dans un développ<sup>t</sup>] tout cela [[est]] incontestable, mais : Cic. Mur. 74 || [pour introduire une objection] v. at ; <b> b)</b> [[sed]] [[enim]], mais de fait : Cic. de Or. 1, 16 ; Cæl. 60 ; Virg. En. 1, 19 ; 2, 164 ; 5, 395, etc.<br /> <b>II</b> conjonction qui introduit soit la confirmation, soit la cause :<br /> <b>A</b> confirmation :<br /><b>1</b> en effet, de fait : rem [[haud]] [[sane]] difficilem admirari videmini : quibus [[enim]] [[nihil]] [[est]]... Cic. CM 4, c’[[est]] une chose bien simple qui vous étonne, ce semble : en effet ceux qui n’ont [[rien]]... || [souvent rapproché de [[nam]] (cause)]: Cic. Cat. 3, 23 ; Off. 3, 21 ; 3, 69 ; 3, 101, etc. || [confirmation par un fait] de fait, par exemple : Cic. Off. 1, 73 || [la confirmation souvent se trouve dans tout le développement et [[non]] pas seulement dans la phrase qui suit] : Cic. Off. 1, 26 ; 1, 34 ; CM 39 ; 69, etc. || [confirm. sous forme de réflexion] de fait, le fait [[est]] que : [[disertus]] [[esse]] possem, si [[contra]] ista dicerem. --- Quis [[enim]] [[non]] in [[ejusmodi]] [[causa]] ? Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, j’aurais pu étaler de beaux développements, si j’avais combattu tes idées sur ce point. --- De fait, qui ne le pourrait sur un tel sujet ? cf. Cic. Mil. 8 ; Div. 1, 65, etc. ; [avec ironie] : Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35 ; Dej. 33 ; Cat. 2, 12 ; Phil. 7, 21 ; Br. 288 || [elle porte sur une opposition] : [[hic]] in domum multiplicatam [[retulit]]... ignominiam et calamitatem. Ornanda [[enim]] [[est]] [[dignitas]] [[domo]], [[non]] ex [[domo]] tota quærenda... Cic. Off. 1, 139, celui-ci, dans une maison ainsi agrandie ne fit entrer que l’ignominie et le malheur. Le fait [[est]] que, si la dignité doit être rehaussée par la maison, elle ne doit pas se tirer tout entière de la maison, cf. Lucr. 5, 988 ; Cic. Fin. 1, 57 ; de Or. 1, 125, etc.<br /><b>2</b> [introduit un développement annoncé] voici le fait, voici la chose, eh bien ! [je commence] : dicendum [[igitur]] putas de sortibus ? [[quid]] [[enim]] [[sors]] [[est]] ?... Cic. Div. 2, 85, tu penses donc qu’il faut parler des sorts ? eh bien ! qu’[[est]]-ce qu’un sort ? cf. Fin. 1, 32 ; CM 65 ; Div. 1, 11, etc. || [dans le dial. introduit une réponse] : [[quid]] metuis ? --- [[enim]] ne... Pl. Mil. 429, que crains-tu ? --- c’[[est]] de... ; Cas. 372 ; Men. 162 ; Pœn. 855 || [avec redoublement familier] [[quia]] [[enim]] Pl. Amph. 666 ; Capt. 884 ; Cas. 385 ; Ter. Haut. 188 || [[quid]] [[illo]] facias ? --- at [[enim]]... --- [[quid]] [[enim]] ? Ter. Haut. 317, que prétends-tu faire avec cela ? --- eh bien mais, voici... --- [[quoi]], voici ?<br /> <b>B</b> cause :<br /><b>1</b> c’[[est]] que : [[nil]] [[sentio]] --- [[non]] [[enim]] es in senticeto... Pl. Capt. 860, je ne sens [[rien]] --- c’[[est]] que tu n’es pas dans un sentier épineux... (Bacch. 457 ) ; [[quid]] [[est]] ? num [[conturbo]] te ? [[non]] [[enim]] [[fortasse]]... intellegis Cic. Phil. 2, 32, eh [[quoi]] ? te troublé-je ? c’[[est]] que peut-être tu ne comprends pas..., cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25 || car, en effet : fortunatum Nicobulum, qui illum produxit [[sibi]] --- [[hic]] [[enim]] [[rite]] productust patri Pl. Bacch. 457, heureux Nicobule, qui a élevé cet enfant --- c’[[est]] en effet un enfant bien élevé qu’a le père ; [[defectio]] [[virium]] adulescentiæ vitiis efficitur... ; libidinosa [[enim]] [[adulescentia]]... Cic. CM 29, l’affaiblissement provient de [[vices]] de la jeunesse...; car une jeunesse déréglée..., cf. Rep. 1, 29, etc. || [dans des parenth.] Cic. Læl. 85 ; Tusc. 2, 58 ; Ac. 2, 22, etc. ; Virg. En. 6, 317 || [souvent rapproché de [[nam]] (confirmation)] : vivere et [[eam]] [[quidem]] vitam, quæ [[est]] sola [[vita]] nominanda. Nam, [[dum]] sumus inclusi in his compagibus corporis, munere quodam necessitatis et gravi opere perfungimur ; [[est]] [[enim]] [[animus]] cælestis Cic. CM 77, vivre, et de la vie qui seule mérite le nom de vie. De fait, tant que nous restons enfermés dans [[cette]] prison du corps, nous accomplissons un devoir imposé par la nécessité et une tâche pénible ; car l’âme, qui [[est]] d’origine céleste..., cf. Læl. 19 ; 92 ; Off. 2, 51 ; 2, 73<br /><b>2</b> [pour justifier une question, une allégation, une expression] car, le fait [[est]] que : [[quando]] [[denique]] [[nihil]] ages ? ---... [[mihi]] [[enim]] [[liber]] [[esse]], [[non]] videtur, qui [[non]] [[aliquando]] [[nihil]] agit Cic. de Or. 2, 24, bref, quand seras-tu à ne [[rien]] faire ? --- le fait [[est]] que, à mes yeux, n’[[est]] pas libre celui qui n’[[est]] pas parfois sans [[rien]] faire ; an malumus Epicurum imitari ? qui [[multa]] præclare sæpe dicit ; [[quam]] [[enim]] [[sibi]] [[convenienter]] dicat, [[non]] laborat Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, ou bien aimons-nous mieux imiter Épicure ? il dit souvent beaucoup de bonnes choses ; car il ne se préoccupe pas d’être d’accord avec lui-même, cf. Tusc. 1, 76 ; 1, 78 (le 2<sup>e</sup> [[enim]] justifie clarioribus ) ; Leg. 2, 17 ; Off. 1, 30 || [en part. sous la forme interrog.]: [[quid]] [[enim]] ? Cic. Fin. 2, 72, eh [[quoi]], de fait ? cf. 2, 93 ; Fam. 5, 15, 2, etc.; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7. [[enim]] se tient d’ordinaire à la seconde place dans la phrase, même à la troisième ; qqf. en tête chez les comiques [ex. Pl. Epid. 701 ; Trin. 1134 ]. | |||
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Revision as of 06:53, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
ĕnim:
I conj. [comp. of ĕ for pronom. stem i, and nam], a demonstrative corroborative particle. (Its position is regularly after the first word, or the first two or more closely connected words in the sentence; only in the comic writers sometimes at the beginning. Put after est in the fourth place: in eo est enim illud, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67: ab omnibus est enim, etc., id. Deiot. 13, 37; al., see below. Put after quoque: id quoque enim traditur, Liv. 2, 18; 3, 50; 23, 12; 27, 22; 30, 1; 33, 30; 36, 27; but not in Cicero, v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 108, p. 325.—Sometimes it divides an apparent compound: quotus enim quisque, Tac. Or. 26 fin.)
I To corroborate a preceding assertion, like equidem, certe, vero; hence freq. connected with these particles, esp. with vero (v. under B.), truly, certainly, to be sure, indeed, in fact: Ch. Te uxor aiebat tua Me vocare. St. Ego enim vocari jussi, certainly, I did order you to be called, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 2: ornanda est enim dignitas domo, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139: in his est enim aliqua obscuritas, in fact, indeed, id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78: ille (Dumnorix) enim revocatus resistere ac se manu defendere coepit, in fact, indeed, Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 8: tum M. Metilius, id enim ferendum esse negat, it was really not to be endured, Liv. 22, 25: enim istaec captio est, this is clearly a trick, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 36: enim me nominat, positively he mentions my name, id. Trin. 5, 2, 10: enim non ibis nunc vicissim, nisi scio, you shall positively not go, id. Pers. 2, 2, 54; id. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf. id. Most. 5, 2, 12: Th. Quid tute tecum? Tr. Nihil enim, nothing truly, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 24; so, nihil enim, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 22; id. Hec. 5, 4, 10; cf.: enim nihil, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 51: Pa. Quid metuis? Se. Enim ne nosmet perdiderimus uspiam, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: tua pol refert enim, id. Stich. 4, 2, 36: certe enim hic nescio quis loquitur, id. Am. 1, 1, 175: certe enim, id. ib. 2, 2, 26; id. As. 3, 3, 24; Ter. And. 3, 2, 23.—So too in ironical or indignant discourse: tu enim repertu's Philocratem qui superes veriverbio! you indeed! Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 36: ex his duo sibi putant concedi: neque enim quisquam repugnat, Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 41 Goer.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 8; id. Deiot. 12, 33 sq.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 13; id. Phil. 7, 8; Liv. 7, 32; 34, 7; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44 al.: non assequimur. Isti enim videlicet Attici nostri quod volunt, assequuntur, Cic. Brut. 84, 288; so (with videlicet), id. Font. 9, 19; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: Ca. Faxo haut tantillum dederis verborum mihi. Me. Nempe enim tu, credo, me imprudentem obrepseris, yes, indeed, I believe you are trying to take me in, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 23.—
B Strengthened by vero, and combined with it into one word, ĕnimvēro (unlike enim, usually beginning the sentence), yes indeed, yes truly, of a truth, to be sure, certainly, indeed: enimvero Chremes nimis graviter cruciat adulescentulum, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1: enimvero, inquit Crassus, mirari satis non queo, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 36; Liv. 5, 25; 1, 51 fin.: postridie mane ab eo postulo, ut, etc.: ille enimvero negat, and of a truth, he denies it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; so, ille enimvero, id. ib. 2, 5, 39; Liv. 3, 35 fin.: hic enimvero, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60: enimvero iste, id. ib. 2, 3, 25.—In corroborating replies (cf. certe, I. A. 2.): Me. Ain vero? So. Aio enimvero, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 188; cf. id. Pers. 2, 2, 2: Sy. Eho, quaeso, an tu is es? Ch. Is enim vero sum, id. Trin. 4, 2, 145: Al. Tun' te abisse hodie hinc negas? Am. Nego enimvero, id. Am. 2, 2, 127; id. As. 3, 3, 98; id. Am. 1, 1, 254: Pa. Incommode hercle. Ch. Immo enimvero infeliciter, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 37.—And in ironical or indignant discourse: Da. Ubi voles, arcesse. Si. Bene sane: id enimvero hic nunc abest, that, to be sure, is wanting here as yet, Ter. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 1: enimvero ferendum hoc quidem non est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 43, 1; cf. id. 6, 14; 25, 41; 27, 30; 33, 46; 34, 58.
II Transf.
A To prove or show the grounds of a preceding assertion, for: haec sunt non nugae; non enim mortualia, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 63: mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum: numquam enim sunt illi occupati, Cic. Rep. 1, 9: quas (geometricas formas) ut vidisset, exclamavisse, ut bono essent animo, videre enim se hominum vestigia, id. ib. 1, 17 et saep. —In parenthetical sentences: quocirca (dicendum est enim saepius), cum judicaveris, diligere oportet, Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22: rumpor et invideo (quid enim non omnia narrem?), etc., Ov. H. 16, 221: di maris et caeli (quid enim nisi vota supersunt?), etc., id. Tr. 1, 2, 1 et saep.—
2 Sometimes the assertion, the reason for which is given, is to be mentally supplied, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; id. Leg. 2, 7, 17: Am. Qui istuc potis est fieri, quaeso, ut dicis, jam dudum, modo? Al. Quid enim censes? te ut deludam contra? etc., what then do you think? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 124; Curt. 5, 8; 10, 2 al.—So the expression: quid enim dicam? commonly ellipt.: quid enim? qs. for what can be objected to the assertion just made? quid enim de T. Tatio Sabino dicam, Liv. 4, 3, 12: quid enim? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum? Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72; 2, 28, 93; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; 2, 3, 132 et saep.—
B To explain a preceding assertion, for instance, namely: Sy. Si futurum est, do tibi operam hanc. Mi. Quomodo? Ut enim, ubi mihi vapulandumst, tu corium sufferas, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33; Sc Metuo maxime. Pa. Quid metuis? Sc. Enim ne nos nosmet perdiderimus, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: Lu. Di me perdant, si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Qui jam? Lu. Quia enim obsorbui, why because, id. ib. 3, 2, 21; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Capt. 4, 2, 104; id. Cas. 2, 6, 33; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 14: quod enim, App. M. 9, p. 228, 16: non igitur videtur nec frumentarius ille Rhodios nec hic aedium venditor celare emptores debuisse. Neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas; sed cum, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 13 fin.: antiquissimam sententiam, tum omnium populorum et gentium consensu comprobatam sequor. Duo sunt enim divinandi genera, etc., id. Div. 1, 6, 11; cf. id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 6. See Hand, Turs. II. p. 374-409.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
ĕnim,⁴ adverbe d’affirmation et conjonction.
I adv.,
1 c’est un fait, bien sûr : certe enim hic nescio quis loquitur Pl. Amph. 331, évidemment, c’est un fait, il y a ici qqn qui parle, je ne sais qui, cf. Aul. 811 ; Capt. 568 ; Cas. 323 ; Epid. 648, etc.; Cæs. G. 5, 7, 8 ; C. 2, 32, 7 ; Virg. En. 8, 84, etc.; Liv. 34, 7, 14
