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|lshtext=<b>ex-ercĕo</b>: ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. [[arceo]],<br /><b>I</b> to [[drive]] on, [[keep]] [[busy]], [[keep]] at [[work]]; to oversee, [[superintend]]; [[with]] an [[inanimate]] [[object]], to [[work]], [[work]] at, [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]] a [[thing]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit. ([[mostly]] [[poet]]. and in postAug. [[prose]]): [[quod]] in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae, Si sumas in illis (servis) exercendis, [[plus]] agas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 22; cf.: homines qui agrum colunt, et qui eos exercent praepositive sunt his, quorum in [[numero]] sunt vilici et monitores, [[who]] oversee [[them]], Dig. 33, 7, 8: exercete, viri, tauros, Verg. G. 1, 210: i [[sane]], ego te exercebo [[hodie]], ut [[dignus]] es, [[keep]] agoing, [[exercise]], Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48: corpora [[assiduo]] varioque exercita motu, etc., driven, impelled, Lucr. 2, 97; cf. id. 4, 862; 2, 120; and: exercita cursu Flumina ([[with]] fontes liquidi), Verg. G. 3, 529 Wagn.: (Maeandros) Incertas exercet aquas, Ov. M. 8, 165: exercere feras, to [[drive]], [[hunt]], Dig. 7, 1, 62: Mi. Gestiunt pugni mihi. So. Si in me exercituru's, [[quaeso]] in parietem ut [[primum]] domes, to [[let]] [[loose]], [[set]] [[them]] at me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: [[litus]] arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, [[work]], [[till]], Verg. A. 7, 798: [[solum]] [[presso]] sub vomere, id. G. 2, 356: rura bubus, Hor. Epod. 2, 3: humum in messem, Verg. G. 1, 219: vineas, arbusta, campos ([[with]] curare), Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 16: agrum multis arationibus, Pall. Jan. 13, 2: pinguia culta, Verg. A. 10, 142: [[ferrum]] [[vasto]] in antro (Cyclopes), id. ib. 8, 424: telas ([[aranea]]), Ov. M. 6, 145 al.; cf.: [[neque]] arva nobis aut metalla aut [[portus]] sunt, quibus exercendis reservemur, Tac. Agr. 31.—Poet.: ut possint (aratores), [[sole]] [[reducto]], Exercere diem, i. e. [[employ]] the [[day]] in [[labor]], [[perform]] [[their]] [[day]]'s [[work]], Verg. A. 10, 808.<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (freq. and [[class]].).<br /> <b>A</b> To [[engage]] [[busily]], to [[occupy]], [[employ]], [[exercise]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] in [[some]] [[action]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Aliquem or aliquid (in [[aliqua]] re, ad aliquid, [[aliqua]] re, etc.): me adolescentem multos annos in [[studio]] ejusdem laudis ([[Hortensius]]) exercuit, Cic. Brut. 64, 230: [[quod]] [[genus]] belli esse potest, in quo illum non exercuerit [[fortuna]] rei publicae, id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: a Diodoto studiosissime in [[dialectica]] exercebar, id. Brut. 90, 309; cf. id. de Or. 1, 57, 244: hanc (animi vim) tu exerce in optimis rebus, id. Rep. 6, 26: haec [[aetas]] (juvenum) exercenda in labore patientiaque et animi et corporis, id. Off. 1, 34, 122: animos in armis, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 41: in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, Verg. A. 6, 642: vocem et [[vires]] in hoc, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 et saep.: [[Aristoteles]] adolescentes ... ad copiam rhetorum in utramque partem exercuit, id. Or. 14, 46: ad hanc te amentiam [[natura]] peperit, [[voluntas]] exercuit, id. Cat. 1, 10, 25: facultatem dicendi his exercuerunt, Quint. 2, 4, 41: [[ingenium]] multiplici variaque [[materia]], id. 2, 4, 20: linguas litibus, Ov. M. 6, 375 et saep.—With [[simple]] acc.: [[quid]] te exercuit [[Pammenes]]? Cic. Brut. 97, 332: [[Induciomarus]] copias cogere, exercere coepit, to [[exercise]], [[drill]], Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: juventutis exercendae [[causa]], id. ib. 6, 23, 6: [[ingenium]] [[nostrum]], Auct. Her. 3, 21, 34: [[corpus]], Cic. de Off. 1, 23, 79: exercendae memoriae [[gratia]], id. de Sen. 11, 38: exercendi stili, Quint. 10, 5, 15: exercendus est [[spiritus]], id. 11, 3, 54 et saep.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With se, or [[pass]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]; and in [[part]]. [[praes]]. and gerund., to [[exercise]] or [[train]] one's [[self]], to [[practise]]: si ad hoc unum est [[natus]] aut in hoc [[solo]] se exercuit, etc., Cic. Or. 28, 99: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, id. de Or. 1, 33, 152: se in consultationibus, id. Att. 9, 4, 3: [[sese]] ad cursuram, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 5: se ad velitationem, id. Rud. 2, 6, 41: [[sese]] quotidianis commentationibus, Cic. Brut. 71, 249: se genere pugnae, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4: se genere venationis, id. ib. 6, 28, 3: se saliendo, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25: [[cur]] non in utrumque [[protinus]] locum se exerceant? Quint. 4, 2, 29 Zumpt N. cr.: Jovem Olympium, eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, implorabit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40: cum athletas se exercentes in curriculo videret, id. de Sen. 9, 27; so, ad virtutem, Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7.— Mid.: ut exerceamur in venando, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: ut in utrumque locum [[simul]] exerceamur, Quint. 5, 13, 50: faciunt [[idem]], cum exercentur, athletae, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56: Ciceronis pueri amant [[inter]] se, discunt, exercentur, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: ne [[aliter]] exerceri velint, Quint. 3, 8, 70: in mandatis tuis exercebor, Vulg. Psa. 118, 15.—Act. [[part]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]: cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in [[herba]] [[ipse]] recubuisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287; so, ipsique [[dictata]] exercentibus darent, Suet. Caes. 26: spectavit [[assidue]] et exercentes ephebos, id. Aug. 98; cf.: si ludicra exercendi aut venandi consuetudine adamare solemus, of exercising [[ourselves]], Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 69, v. Madv. ad h. l.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[practise]], [[follow]], [[exercise]] [[any]] [[employment]]; to [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]], to [[make]] [[use]] of [[any]] [[thing]]: medicinae exercendae [[causa]], Cic. Clu. 63, 178: hoc civile [[quod]] vocant [[eatenus]] exercuerunt, [[quoad]] populum praestare voluerunt, id. Leg. 1, 4, 14: rhetoricen, Quint. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 27: eloquentiam, id. 1, 4, 6: artem, id. 3, 6, 18; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44: exercere [[atque]] exigere vectigalia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16: cauponam vel [[stabulum]], Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 5: navem, ib. 14, 1, 1: auri, argenti, sulphuris, etc. ... fodinas, ib. 7, 1, 13, § 5: negotiationem per libertos, ib. 26, 7, 58: [[commercium]] turis, Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54: [[arma]], Verg. A. 4, 87: [[arma]] [[contra]] patriam, Tac. A. 11, 16: gymnasia et [[otia]] et turpes amores, id. ib. 6, 1: [[acies]] pueriles, batiles in [[sport]], Juv. 15, 60: pharetram et arcum, Val. Fl. 3, 161: vocem ([[with]] clamare), Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[follow]] up, [[follow]] [[out]], [[prosecute]], [[carry]] [[into]] [[effect]], [[practise]], [[administer]]: judicium, Cic. Arch. 12, 32: latam legem, Liv. 4, 51, 4: [[Tiberius]] exercendas leges esse respondit, Tac. A. 1, 72: legem [[praecipue]] sumptuariam, Suet. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 58: quaestionem [[inter]] sicarios, Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54: [[regnum]], Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47; cf. imperia, Verg. G. 2, 370: crudelitatem non [[solum]] in [[vivo]] sed [[etiam]] in mortuo, Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 8: inimicitias, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; cf.: graves inimicitias cum [[aliquo]], Sall. C. 49, 2: gratiam aut inimicitias in tanta re, id. ib. 51, 16: jurgia, [[discordia]], simultates cum hostibus, id. ib. 9, 2: cui exercita cum Pisone [[amicitia]], Tac. A. 1, 14: licentiam, id. ib. 13, 47: amicitiam, id. ib. 15, 60: [[odium]], id. ib. 13, 37: [[odium]] in [[aliquo]], Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: juris aequabilitatem, id. ib.; cf. justitiam, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: [[scelus]], libidinem, avaritiam in socios, Liv. 29, 17, 13; cf.: avaritiam (juvenes) exercere jubentur, Juv. 14, 108: [[foede]] victoriam in captis, Liv. 6, 22, 4: acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem, Sall. J. 16, 2: [[foede]] et [[crudeliter]] victoriam, id. C. 38: amores ad aliquem, Cat. 68, 69: pacem et hymenaeos, to [[celebrate]], solemnize, Verg. A. 4, 99: [[nomen]] patris, to [[bear]] his [[name]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 21, 4 et saep.—<br /> <b>C</b> Pregn., to [[disturb]], [[disquiet]], [[vex]], [[plague]] (the [[figure]] [[being]] taken from the baiting of [[wild]] beasts): meos [[casus]], in quibus me [[fortuna]] [[vehementer]] exercuit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3: [[nunc]] me [[reliquiae]] vestrae exercent, id. Fam. 12, 4, 1: non te nullius exercent numinis irae, Verg. G. 4, 453: aliquem odiis, id. A. 4, 622 et saep.: te de praedio Oviae exerceri, [[moleste]] [[fero]], Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4: [[ergo]] exercentur poenis, Verg. A, 6, 739: hominum vitam [[curis]], Lucr. 5, 1424: [[ambitio]] animos hominum exercet, Sall. C. 11, 1: simultates [[nimio]] [[plures]] et exercuerunt eum et [[ipse]] exercuit eas, Liv. 39, 40, 9.—In the [[part]]. perf.: nate, Iliacis [[exercite]] fatis, Verg. A. 3, 182: [[Venus]] exercita [[curis]], id. ib. 5, 779; cf.: [[curis]] exercita corpora, Ov. M. 7, 634: adversis [[probitas]] exercita rebus, id. Tr. 5, 5, 49: habere aliquem exercitum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 6, 4.—Hence, exercĭ-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. C.).<br /> <b>A</b> Vexed, harassed: scito [[nihil]] tam exercitum esse [[nunc]] Romae [[quam]] candidatos omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2: [[Tiberius]] tantis rebus, Tac. A. 4, 11.— Hence,<br /> <b>B</b> Vexatious, [[severe]]: [[quid]] [[magis]] sollicitum, [[magis]] exercitum dici potest? Cic. Mil. 2, 5: finem tam exercitae militiae orabant, Tac. A. 1, 35: dura [[hiems]], exercita [[aestas]], id. ib. 1, 17: [[aestas]] ([[with]] inquieta), Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2: infantiam pueritiamque habuit laboriosam et exercitam, Suet. Tib. 6 init.—<br /> <b>C</b> Disciplined: ([[miles]]) [[exercitatus]] et [[vetus]] ob eam rem fortior (opp. [[rudis]] et [[inexercitatus]]), Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: mirum in modum juventus, Flor. 1, 3, 2: [[proprio]] in metu, qui exercitam [[quoque]] eloquentiam debilitat, Tac. A. 3, 67: [[militia]], id. ib. 3, 20: ad omne [[flagitium]], id. ib. 14, 2: [[ingenium]] adulatione, id. H. 4, 4: Graeca [[doctrina]] [[ore]] [[tenus]], id. A. 15, 45.—Comp. and [[sup]].: exercitiorem, exercitissimum (dicebant antiqui), Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 8 Müll. —Adv.: exercĭtē, in a [[practised]] [[manner]]; in comp.: cogitare, App. M. 11, p. 272, 6. | |lshtext=<b>ex-ercĕo</b>: ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. [[arceo]],<br /><b>I</b> to [[drive]] on, [[keep]] [[busy]], [[keep]] at [[work]]; to oversee, [[superintend]]; [[with]] an [[inanimate]] [[object]], to [[work]], [[work]] at, [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]] a [[thing]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit. ([[mostly]] [[poet]]. and in postAug. [[prose]]): [[quod]] in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae, Si sumas in illis (servis) exercendis, [[plus]] agas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 22; cf.: homines qui agrum colunt, et qui eos exercent praepositive sunt his, quorum in [[numero]] sunt vilici et monitores, [[who]] oversee [[them]], Dig. 33, 7, 8: exercete, viri, tauros, Verg. G. 1, 210: i [[sane]], ego te exercebo [[hodie]], ut [[dignus]] es, [[keep]] agoing, [[exercise]], Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48: corpora [[assiduo]] varioque exercita motu, etc., driven, impelled, Lucr. 2, 97; cf. id. 4, 862; 2, 120; and: exercita cursu Flumina ([[with]] fontes liquidi), Verg. G. 3, 529 Wagn.: (Maeandros) Incertas exercet aquas, Ov. M. 8, 165: exercere feras, to [[drive]], [[hunt]], Dig. 7, 1, 62: Mi. Gestiunt pugni mihi. So. Si in me exercituru's, [[quaeso]] in parietem ut [[primum]] domes, to [[let]] [[loose]], [[set]] [[them]] at me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: [[litus]] arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, [[work]], [[till]], Verg. A. 7, 798: [[solum]] [[presso]] sub vomere, id. G. 2, 356: rura bubus, Hor. Epod. 2, 3: humum in messem, Verg. G. 1, 219: vineas, arbusta, campos ([[with]] curare), Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 16: agrum multis arationibus, Pall. Jan. 13, 2: pinguia culta, Verg. A. 10, 142: [[ferrum]] [[vasto]] in antro (Cyclopes), id. ib. 8, 424: telas ([[aranea]]), Ov. M. 6, 145 al.; cf.: [[neque]] arva nobis aut metalla aut [[portus]] sunt, quibus exercendis reservemur, Tac. Agr. 31.—Poet.: ut possint (aratores), [[sole]] [[reducto]], Exercere diem, i. e. [[employ]] the [[day]] in [[labor]], [[perform]] [[their]] [[day]]'s [[work]], Verg. A. 10, 808.<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (freq. and [[class]].).<br /> <b>A</b> To [[engage]] [[busily]], to [[occupy]], [[employ]], [[exercise]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] in [[some]] [[action]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Aliquem or aliquid (in [[aliqua]] re, ad aliquid, [[aliqua]] re, etc.): me adolescentem multos annos in [[studio]] ejusdem laudis ([[Hortensius]]) exercuit, Cic. Brut. 64, 230: [[quod]] [[genus]] belli esse potest, in quo illum non exercuerit [[fortuna]] rei publicae, id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: a Diodoto studiosissime in [[dialectica]] exercebar, id. Brut. 90, 309; cf. id. de Or. 1, 57, 244: hanc (animi vim) tu exerce in optimis rebus, id. Rep. 6, 26: haec [[aetas]] (juvenum) exercenda in labore patientiaque et animi et corporis, id. Off. 1, 34, 122: animos in armis, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 41: in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, Verg. A. 6, 642: vocem et [[vires]] in hoc, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 et saep.: [[Aristoteles]] adolescentes ... ad copiam rhetorum in utramque partem exercuit, id. Or. 14, 46: ad hanc te amentiam [[natura]] peperit, [[voluntas]] exercuit, id. Cat. 1, 10, 25: facultatem dicendi his exercuerunt, Quint. 2, 4, 41: [[ingenium]] multiplici variaque [[materia]], id. 2, 4, 20: linguas litibus, Ov. M. 6, 375 et saep.—With [[simple]] acc.: [[quid]] te exercuit [[Pammenes]]? Cic. Brut. 97, 332: [[Induciomarus]] copias cogere, exercere coepit, to [[exercise]], [[drill]], Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: juventutis exercendae [[causa]], id. ib. 6, 23, 6: [[ingenium]] [[nostrum]], Auct. Her. 3, 21, 34: [[corpus]], Cic. de Off. 1, 23, 79: exercendae memoriae [[gratia]], id. de Sen. 11, 38: exercendi stili, Quint. 10, 5, 15: exercendus est [[spiritus]], id. 11, 3, 54 et saep.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With se, or [[pass]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]; and in [[part]]. [[praes]]. and gerund., to [[exercise]] or [[train]] one's [[self]], to [[practise]]: si ad hoc unum est [[natus]] aut in hoc [[solo]] se exercuit, etc., Cic. Or. 28, 99: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, id. de Or. 1, 33, 152: se in consultationibus, id. Att. 9, 4, 3: [[sese]] ad cursuram, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 5: se ad velitationem, id. Rud. 2, 6, 41: [[sese]] quotidianis commentationibus, Cic. Brut. 71, 249: se genere pugnae, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4: se genere venationis, id. ib. 6, 28, 3: se saliendo, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25: [[cur]] non in utrumque [[protinus]] locum se exerceant? Quint. 4, 2, 29 Zumpt N. cr.: Jovem Olympium, eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, implorabit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40: cum athletas se exercentes in curriculo videret, id. de Sen. 9, 27; so, ad virtutem, Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7.— Mid.: ut exerceamur in venando, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: ut in utrumque locum [[simul]] exerceamur, Quint. 5, 13, 50: faciunt [[idem]], cum exercentur, athletae, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56: Ciceronis pueri amant [[inter]] se, discunt, exercentur, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: ne [[aliter]] exerceri velint, Quint. 3, 8, 70: in mandatis tuis exercebor, Vulg. Psa. 118, 15.—Act. [[part]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]: cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in [[herba]] [[ipse]] recubuisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287; so, ipsique [[dictata]] exercentibus darent, Suet. Caes. 26: spectavit [[assidue]] et exercentes ephebos, id. Aug. 98; cf.: si ludicra exercendi aut venandi consuetudine adamare solemus, of exercising [[ourselves]], Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 69, v. Madv. ad h. l.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[practise]], [[follow]], [[exercise]] [[any]] [[employment]]; to [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]], to [[make]] [[use]] of [[any]] [[thing]]: medicinae exercendae [[causa]], Cic. Clu. 63, 178: hoc civile [[quod]] vocant [[eatenus]] exercuerunt, [[quoad]] populum praestare voluerunt, id. Leg. 1, 4, 14: rhetoricen, Quint. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 27: eloquentiam, id. 1, 4, 6: artem, id. 3, 6, 18; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44: exercere [[atque]] exigere vectigalia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16: cauponam vel [[stabulum]], Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 5: navem, ib. 14, 1, 1: auri, argenti, sulphuris, etc. ... fodinas, ib. 7, 1, 13, § 5: negotiationem per libertos, ib. 26, 7, 58: [[commercium]] turis, Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54: [[arma]], Verg. A. 4, 87: [[arma]] [[contra]] patriam, Tac. A. 11, 16: gymnasia et [[otia]] et turpes amores, id. ib. 6, 1: [[acies]] pueriles, batiles in [[sport]], Juv. 15, 60: pharetram et arcum, Val. Fl. 3, 161: vocem ([[with]] clamare), Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[follow]] up, [[follow]] [[out]], [[prosecute]], [[carry]] [[into]] [[effect]], [[practise]], [[administer]]: judicium, Cic. Arch. 12, 32: latam legem, Liv. 4, 51, 4: [[Tiberius]] exercendas leges esse respondit, Tac. A. 1, 72: legem [[praecipue]] sumptuariam, Suet. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 58: quaestionem [[inter]] sicarios, Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54: [[regnum]], Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47; cf. imperia, Verg. G. 2, 370: crudelitatem non [[solum]] in [[vivo]] sed [[etiam]] in mortuo, Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 8: inimicitias, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; cf.: graves inimicitias cum [[aliquo]], Sall. C. 49, 2: gratiam aut inimicitias in tanta re, id. ib. 51, 16: jurgia, [[discordia]], simultates cum hostibus, id. ib. 9, 2: cui exercita cum Pisone [[amicitia]], Tac. A. 1, 14: licentiam, id. ib. 13, 47: amicitiam, id. ib. 15, 60: [[odium]], id. ib. 13, 37: [[odium]] in [[aliquo]], Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: juris aequabilitatem, id. ib.; cf. justitiam, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: [[scelus]], libidinem, avaritiam in socios, Liv. 29, 17, 13; cf.: avaritiam (juvenes) exercere jubentur, Juv. 14, 108: [[foede]] victoriam in captis, Liv. 6, 22, 4: acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem, Sall. J. 16, 2: [[foede]] et [[crudeliter]] victoriam, id. C. 38: amores ad aliquem, Cat. 68, 69: pacem et hymenaeos, to [[celebrate]], solemnize, Verg. A. 4, 99: [[nomen]] patris, to [[bear]] his [[name]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 21, 4 et saep.—<br /> <b>C</b> Pregn., to [[disturb]], [[disquiet]], [[vex]], [[plague]] (the [[figure]] [[being]] taken from the baiting of [[wild]] beasts): meos [[casus]], in quibus me [[fortuna]] [[vehementer]] exercuit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3: [[nunc]] me [[reliquiae]] vestrae exercent, id. Fam. 12, 4, 1: non te nullius exercent numinis irae, Verg. G. 4, 453: aliquem odiis, id. A. 4, 622 et saep.: te de praedio Oviae exerceri, [[moleste]] [[fero]], Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4: [[ergo]] exercentur poenis, Verg. A, 6, 739: hominum vitam [[curis]], Lucr. 5, 1424: [[ambitio]] animos hominum exercet, Sall. C. 11, 1: simultates [[nimio]] [[plures]] et exercuerunt eum et [[ipse]] exercuit eas, Liv. 39, 40, 9.—In the [[part]]. perf.: nate, Iliacis [[exercite]] fatis, Verg. A. 3, 182: [[Venus]] exercita [[curis]], id. ib. 5, 779; cf.: [[curis]] exercita corpora, Ov. M. 7, 634: adversis [[probitas]] exercita rebus, id. Tr. 5, 5, 49: habere aliquem exercitum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 6, 4.—Hence, exercĭ-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. C.).<br /> <b>A</b> Vexed, harassed: scito [[nihil]] tam exercitum esse [[nunc]] Romae [[quam]] candidatos omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2: [[Tiberius]] tantis rebus, Tac. A. 4, 11.— Hence,<br /> <b>B</b> Vexatious, [[severe]]: [[quid]] [[magis]] sollicitum, [[magis]] exercitum dici potest? Cic. Mil. 2, 5: finem tam exercitae militiae orabant, Tac. A. 1, 35: dura [[hiems]], exercita [[aestas]], id. ib. 1, 17: [[aestas]] ([[with]] inquieta), Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2: infantiam pueritiamque habuit laboriosam et exercitam, Suet. Tib. 6 init.—<br /> <b>C</b> Disciplined: ([[miles]]) [[exercitatus]] et [[vetus]] ob eam rem fortior (opp. [[rudis]] et [[inexercitatus]]), Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: mirum in modum juventus, Flor. 1, 3, 2: [[proprio]] in metu, qui exercitam [[quoque]] eloquentiam debilitat, Tac. A. 3, 67: [[militia]], id. ib. 3, 20: ad omne [[flagitium]], id. ib. 14, 2: [[ingenium]] adulatione, id. H. 4, 4: Graeca [[doctrina]] [[ore]] [[tenus]], id. A. 15, 45.—Comp. and [[sup]].: exercitiorem, exercitissimum (dicebant antiqui), Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 8 Müll. —Adv.: exercĭtē, in a [[practised]] [[manner]]; in comp.: cogitare, App. M. 11, p. 272, 6. | ||
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|gf=<b>exercĕō</b>,⁷ cŭī, cĭtum, ēre ([[arceo]]),<br /> <b>I</b> [pr.] ne pas laisser en repos :<br /><b>1</b> mettre en mouvement sans relâche, tenir en haleine : corpora [[adsiduo]] exercita motu Lucr. 2, 97, les atomes agités d’un mouvement incessant ; tauros Virg. G. 1, 210, faire travailler les taureaux sans relâche ; exercita cursu flumina Virg. G. 3, 529, les fleuves dont l’eau court sans trêve, cf. Ov. M. 8, 165 || [[ego]] te exercebo [[hodie]] Ter. Ad. 587, je te donnerai du mouvement (je te ferai trotter) aujourd’[[hui]]<br /><b>2</b> travailler une chose sans relâche ; tellurem Virg. G. 1, 99 ; [[solum]] Virg. G. 2, 356, travailler la terre, le [[sol]] ; [[ferrum]] Virg. En. 8, 424, travailler le [[fer]], cf. Hor. Epo. 2, 3 ; Tac. Agr. 31 || diem Virg. En. 10, 808, faire le travail de la journée, accomplir sa tâche.<br /> <b>II</b> [fig.]<br /><b>1</b> tenir en haleine, travailler, tourmenter, inquiéter : [[casus]], in quibus me [[fortuna]] [[vehementer]] exercuit Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, les revers, dans lesquels j’ai subi les violents assauts de la fortune ; [[ambitio]] animos hominum exercebat Sall. C. 11, 1, l’ambition tourmentait le cœur des hommes ; de [[aliqua]] re exerceri Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4, être tourmenté pour qqch. || tenir en haleine, animer : in studio ejusdem laudis me exercuit ([[Hortensius]]) Cic. Br. 230, ([[Hortensius]]) m’a tenu en haleine dans la poursuite de la même gloire<br /><b>2</b> exercer, former par des exercices : [[corpus]] Cic. Off. 1, 79 ; memoriam Cic. CM 38 ; copias Cæs. G. 5, 55, 3, exercer le corps, la mémoire, des troupes ; aliquem in [[aliqua]] re Cic. Off. 1, 122, exercer qqn à, dans qqch., cf. Cic. Br. 309 ; de Or. 1, 244 ; Rep. 6, 29 ; ad [[aliquid]] Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 9, exercer qqn en vue de qqch. (mais ad copiam rhetorum Cic. Or. 46 = conformément à l’abondance des rhéteurs) || se exercere ou [pass. sens réfléchi] exerceri, s’exercer : [[aliqua]] re, in [[aliqua]] re, par qqch., dans qqch. : Cic. Br. 249 ; de Or. 1, 152 ; etc.; ad alicujus [[versus]] se exercere Cic. de Or. 1, 154, s’exercer sur les vers de qqn (les prendre pour modèles) ; alicui se exercere Cic. Tusc. 2, 40, s’exercer pour qqn, consacrer à qqn ses exercices || part. prés. exercens avec sens réfléchi, s’exerçant : Cic. de Or. 2, 287 ; Suet. Cæs. 26 ; Aug. 98<br /><b>3</b> exercer, pratiquer : medicinam Cic. Clu. 178, la médecine ; [[jus]] civile Cic. Leg. 1, 14, le droit civil [jurisconsultes]; artem Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44, un art, une science ; [[arma]] Virg. En. 4, 87, se livrer aux exercices des armes || administrer, s’occuper de : [[judicium]] Cic. Arch. 32, conduire les débats, être président du [[tribunal]] ; quæstionem [[inter]] sicarios Cic. Fin. 2, 54, présider la chambre d’enquête sur les meurtres, instruire une affaire de meurtre ; vectigalia Cic. Pomp. 16, avoir la [[ferme]] des impôts ; cauponam, navem Dig., être cabaretier, armateur ; [[commercium]] turis Plin. 12, 54, exercer le commerce de l’encens ; [[arma]] [[contra]] patriam Tac. Ann. 11, 16, porter les armes contre sa [[patrie]] || exercer, mettre à exécution, faire sentir, manifester : crudelitatem in [[aliquo]] Cic. Phil. 11, 8, exercer sa cruauté à [[propos]] de (sur) qqn ; inimicitias Cic. Cæcil. 13, manifester son inimitié ; jurgia, discordias, simultates cum [[aliquo]] Sall. C. 9, 2, être en dispute, en désaccord, en compétition avec qqn ; facilitatem et altitudinem animi Cic. Off. 1, 88, mettre en pratique la douceur et la largeur d’âme ; [[scelus]], libidinem, avaritiam in socios Liv. 29, 17, 13, faire peser sur les alliés sa scélératesse, ses débordements, sa cupidité ; victoriam Sall. C. 38, 4, exercer les droits du vainqueur, user de la victoire (in aliquem Sall. J. 16, 2, sur, contre qqn) ; legem Liv. 4, 51, 4 ; Tac. Ann. 1, 72 ; Suet. Cæs. 43 : Tib. 58, faire exécuter une loi. 3<sup>e</sup> conj. [décad.] : exercunt Itala Luc. 22, 25 ; impér. [[exercite]] Commod. Instr. 2, 27, 1. | |||
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Revision as of 06:54, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
ex-ercĕo: ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. arceo,
I to drive on, keep busy, keep at work; to oversee, superintend; with an inanimate object, to work, work at, employ one's self about a thing.
I Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose): quod in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae, Si sumas in illis (servis) exercendis, plus agas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 22; cf.: homines qui agrum colunt, et qui eos exercent praepositive sunt his, quorum in numero sunt vilici et monitores, who oversee them, Dig. 33, 7, 8: exercete, viri, tauros, Verg. G. 1, 210: i sane, ego te exercebo hodie, ut dignus es, keep agoing, exercise, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48: corpora assiduo varioque exercita motu, etc., driven, impelled, Lucr. 2, 97; cf. id. 4, 862; 2, 120; and: exercita cursu Flumina (with fontes liquidi), Verg. G. 3, 529 Wagn.: (Maeandros) Incertas exercet aquas, Ov. M. 8, 165: exercere feras, to drive, hunt, Dig. 7, 1, 62: Mi. Gestiunt pugni mihi. So. Si in me exercituru's, quaeso in parietem ut primum domes, to let loose, set them at me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: litus arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, work, till, Verg. A. 7, 798: solum presso sub vomere, id. G. 2, 356: rura bubus, Hor. Epod. 2, 3: humum in messem, Verg. G. 1, 219: vineas, arbusta, campos (with curare), Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 16: agrum multis arationibus, Pall. Jan. 13, 2: pinguia culta, Verg. A. 10, 142: ferrum vasto in antro (Cyclopes), id. ib. 8, 424: telas (aranea), Ov. M. 6, 145 al.; cf.: neque arva nobis aut metalla aut portus sunt, quibus exercendis reservemur, Tac. Agr. 31.—Poet.: ut possint (aratores), sole reducto, Exercere diem, i. e. employ the day in labor, perform their day's work, Verg. A. 10, 808.
II Trop. (freq. and class.).
A To engage busily, to occupy, employ, exercise a person or thing in some action.
(a) Aliquem or aliquid (in aliqua re, ad aliquid, aliqua re, etc.): me adolescentem multos annos in studio ejusdem laudis (Hortensius) exercuit, Cic. Brut. 64, 230: quod genus belli esse potest, in quo illum non exercuerit fortuna rei publicae, id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: a Diodoto studiosissime in dialectica exercebar, id. Brut. 90, 309; cf. id. de Or. 1, 57, 244: hanc (animi vim) tu exerce in optimis rebus, id. Rep. 6, 26: haec aetas (juvenum) exercenda in labore patientiaque et animi et corporis, id. Off. 1, 34, 122: animos in armis, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 41: in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, Verg. A. 6, 642: vocem et vires in hoc, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 et saep.: Aristoteles adolescentes ... ad copiam rhetorum in utramque partem exercuit, id. Or. 14, 46: ad hanc te amentiam natura peperit, voluntas exercuit, id. Cat. 1, 10, 25: facultatem dicendi his exercuerunt, Quint. 2, 4, 41: ingenium multiplici variaque materia, id. 2, 4, 20: linguas litibus, Ov. M. 6, 375 et saep.—With simple acc.: quid te exercuit Pammenes? Cic. Brut. 97, 332: Induciomarus copias cogere, exercere coepit, to exercise, drill, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: juventutis exercendae causa, id. ib. 6, 23, 6: ingenium nostrum, Auct. Her. 3, 21, 34: corpus, Cic. de Off. 1, 23, 79: exercendae memoriae gratia, id. de Sen. 11, 38: exercendi stili, Quint. 10, 5, 15: exercendus est spiritus, id. 11, 3, 54 et saep.—
(b) With se, or pass. in mid. force; and in part. praes. and gerund., to exercise or train one's self, to practise: si ad hoc unum est natus aut in hoc solo se exercuit, etc., Cic. Or. 28, 99: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, id. de Or. 1, 33, 152: se in consultationibus, id. Att. 9, 4, 3: sese ad cursuram, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 5: se ad velitationem, id. Rud. 2, 6, 41: sese quotidianis commentationibus, Cic. Brut. 71, 249: se genere pugnae, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4: se genere venationis, id. ib. 6, 28, 3: se saliendo, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25: cur non in utrumque protinus locum se exerceant? Quint. 4, 2, 29 Zumpt N. cr.: Jovem Olympium, eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, implorabit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40: cum athletas se exercentes in curriculo videret, id. de Sen. 9, 27; so, ad virtutem, Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7.— Mid.: ut exerceamur in venando, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: ut in utrumque locum simul exerceamur, Quint. 5, 13, 50: faciunt idem, cum exercentur, athletae, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56: Ciceronis pueri amant inter se, discunt, exercentur, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: ne aliter exerceri velint, Quint. 3, 8, 70: in mandatis tuis exercebor, Vulg. Psa. 118, 15.—Act. part. in mid. force: cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in herba ipse recubuisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287; so, ipsique dictata exercentibus darent, Suet. Caes. 26: spectavit assidue et exercentes ephebos, id. Aug. 98; cf.: si ludicra exercendi aut venandi consuetudine adamare solemus, of exercising ourselves, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 69, v. Madv. ad h. l.—
B To practise, follow, exercise any employment; to employ one's self about, to make use of any thing: medicinae exercendae causa, Cic. Clu. 63, 178: hoc civile quod vocant eatenus exercuerunt, quoad populum praestare voluerunt, id. Leg. 1, 4, 14: rhetoricen, Quint. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 27: eloquentiam, id. 1, 4, 6: artem, id. 3, 6, 18; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44: exercere atque exigere vectigalia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16: cauponam vel stabulum, Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 5: navem, ib. 14, 1, 1: auri, argenti, sulphuris, etc. ... fodinas, ib. 7, 1, 13, § 5: negotiationem per libertos, ib. 26, 7, 58: commercium turis, Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54: arma, Verg. A. 4, 87: arma contra patriam, Tac. A. 11, 16: gymnasia et otia et turpes amores, id. ib. 6, 1: acies pueriles, batiles in sport, Juv. 15, 60: pharetram et arcum, Val. Fl. 3, 161: vocem (with clamare), Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—
2 To follow up, follow out, prosecute, carry into effect, practise, administer: judicium, Cic. Arch. 12, 32: latam legem, Liv. 4, 51, 4: Tiberius exercendas leges esse respondit, Tac. A. 1, 72: legem praecipue sumptuariam, Suet. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 58: quaestionem inter sicarios, Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54: regnum, Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47; cf. imperia, Verg. G. 2, 370: crudelitatem non solum in vivo sed etiam in mortuo, Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 8: inimicitias, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; cf.: graves inimicitias cum aliquo, Sall. C. 49, 2: gratiam aut inimicitias in tanta re, id. ib. 51, 16: jurgia, discordia, simultates cum hostibus, id. ib. 9, 2: cui exercita cum Pisone amicitia, Tac. A. 1, 14: licentiam, id. ib. 13, 47: amicitiam, id. ib. 15, 60: odium, id. ib. 13, 37: odium in aliquo, Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: juris aequabilitatem, id. ib.; cf. justitiam, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: scelus, libidinem, avaritiam in socios, Liv. 29, 17, 13; cf.: avaritiam (juvenes) exercere jubentur, Juv. 14, 108: foede victoriam in captis, Liv. 6, 22, 4: acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem, Sall. J. 16, 2: foede et crudeliter victoriam, id. C. 38: amores ad aliquem, Cat. 68, 69: pacem et hymenaeos, to celebrate, solemnize, Verg. A. 4, 99: nomen patris, to bear his name, Plin. Pan. 21, 4 et saep.—
C Pregn., to disturb, disquiet, vex, plague (the figure being taken from the baiting of wild beasts): meos casus, in quibus me fortuna vehementer exercuit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3: nunc me reliquiae vestrae exercent, id. Fam. 12, 4, 1: non te nullius exercent numinis irae, Verg. G. 4, 453: aliquem odiis, id. A. 4, 622 et saep.: te de praedio Oviae exerceri, moleste fero, Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4: ergo exercentur poenis, Verg. A, 6, 739: hominum vitam curis, Lucr. 5, 1424: ambitio animos hominum exercet, Sall. C. 11, 1: simultates nimio plures et exercuerunt eum et ipse exercuit eas, Liv. 39, 40, 9.—In the part. perf.: nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, Verg. A. 3, 182: Venus exercita curis, id. ib. 5, 779; cf.: curis exercita corpora, Ov. M. 7, 634: adversis probitas exercita rebus, id. Tr. 5, 5, 49: habere aliquem exercitum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 6, 4.—Hence, exercĭ-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. C.).
A Vexed, harassed: scito nihil tam exercitum esse nunc Romae quam candidatos omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2: Tiberius tantis rebus, Tac. A. 4, 11.— Hence,
B Vexatious, severe: quid magis sollicitum, magis exercitum dici potest? Cic. Mil. 2, 5: finem tam exercitae militiae orabant, Tac. A. 1, 35: dura hiems, exercita aestas, id. ib. 1, 17: aestas (with inquieta), Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2: infantiam pueritiamque habuit laboriosam et exercitam, Suet. Tib. 6 init.—
C Disciplined: (miles) exercitatus et vetus ob eam rem fortior (opp. rudis et inexercitatus), Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: mirum in modum juventus, Flor. 1, 3, 2: proprio in metu, qui exercitam quoque eloquentiam debilitat, Tac. A. 3, 67: militia, id. ib. 3, 20: ad omne flagitium, id. ib. 14, 2: ingenium adulatione, id. H. 4, 4: Graeca doctrina ore tenus, id. A. 15, 45.—Comp. and sup.: exercitiorem, exercitissimum (dicebant antiqui), Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 8 Müll. —Adv.: exercĭtē, in a practised manner; in comp.: cogitare, App. M. 11, p. 272, 6.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
exercĕō,⁷ cŭī, cĭtum, ēre (arceo),
I [pr.] ne pas laisser en repos :
1 mettre en mouvement sans relâche, tenir en haleine : corpora adsiduo exercita motu Lucr. 2, 97, les atomes agités d’un mouvement incessant ; tauros Virg. G. 1, 210, faire travailler les taureaux sans relâche ; exercita cursu flumina Virg. G. 3, 529, les fleuves dont l’eau court sans trêve, cf. Ov. M. 8, 165
