gens

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Menander, Monostichoi, 408

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

gens: gentis, f. root GEN, gigno, that which belongs together by birth or descent,
I a race or clan, embracing several families united together by a common name and by certain religious rites; orig. only patrician, but, after the granting of the connubium between patricians and plebeians, also plebeian (syn.: familia, stirps, genus; natio, populus).
I Lit.: Sulla gentis patriciae (sc. Corneliae) nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignaviā, Sall. J. 95, 3: vera decora, non communiter modo Corneliae gentis, sed proprie familiae suae, Liv. 38, 58, 3: L. Tarquitius patriciae gentis, id. 3, 27, 1: apud P. Sestium patriciae gentis virum, id. 3, 33, 9; 6, 11, 2: cum Marcelli ab liberti filio stirpe, Claudii patricii ejusdem hominis hereditatem, gente ad se rediisse dicerent, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 176: gens Tarquiniorum, id. Rep. 2, 25 fin.: Julia, Liv. 1, 3, 2: L. Tarquinius duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, et antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat; a se ascitos minorum, Cic. Rep. 2, 20 Mos.; cf. Liv. 1, 35, 6: ex gente Domitia duae familiae claruerunt, Calvinorum et Aenobarborum, Suet. Ner. 1; cf. Liv. 2, 29, 4: patricii minorum gentium, Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2; Liv. 1, 47, 7; Capitol. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 5: anni principio de connubio patrum et plebis C. Canuleius tribunus plebis rogationem promulgavit, qua contaminari sanguinem suum patres confundique jura gentium rebantur, Liv. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. 4, 2, 5; 10, 8, 9: uti Feceniae Hispalae gentis enuptio, tutoris optio esset, etc., the right of marrying out of her gens, id. 39, 19, 5: perjurus, sine gente, i. e. of no family, of vulgar birth, Hor. S. 2, 5, 15; cf. respecting the Roman gens, Dict. of Antiq.
II Transf.
   A In a manner borrowed from the division of the senators into majorum and minorum gentium (v. above): ipsi illi majorum gentium dii qui habentur, hinc a nobis profecti in caelum reperientur, the superior deities (the consentes), Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 29: Cleanthes, qui quasi majorum est gentium Stoicus, id. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—
   B Poet., like genus and stirps, of a single descendant, offspring of an entire race: vigilasne, deūm gens, Aenea? Verg. A. 10, 228 (for which: Dis genite, id. ib. 9, 642): Tirynthia gens est (i. e. Fabius), Sil. 7, 35: extrema viri, the last descendant, id. 2, 185.—*
   C In a contemptuous sense, like our tribe, brood, crew: si illo die gens ista Clodiana, quod facere voluit, effecisset, Cic. Sest. 38, 81; so, Clodia, id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1.—
   D In the widest sense = genus, the race; gens humana, the human race, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65; Hor. C. 1, 3, 26.—
   E Of beasts, etc., a race, herd, brood, swarm (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): intestino bello totae gentes consumuntur, Col. 9, 9, 6: quos (equos) in spem statues summittere gentis, of the race, breed, Verg. G. 3, 73: utque luat poenas gens haec (i. e. vulpes), breed, race, Ov. F. 4, 711.—
   F In a more extended sense (as also γένος>), a race, nation, people (sometimes more restricted than natio and populus, and sometimes put for them;
v. in the foll., and cf. Drak. Liv. 23, 42, 1; freq. and class.): Qui gentis omnis mariaque et terras movet, Plaut. Rud. prol. 1: cf.: nos per gentis disparat, id. ib. v. 10: gradus plures sunt societatis hominum. Ut enim ab illa infinita discedatur, propior est ejusdem gentis, nationis, linguae, qua maxime homines conjunguntur: interius etiam est ejusdem esse civitatis, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53; cf.: (Deus) non curat singulos homines ... ne civitates quidem ... ne nationes quidem et gentes, id. N. D. 3, 39, 93: ita nationis nomen, non gentis evaluisse paulatim, Tac. G. 2: Suebi, quorum non una gens...propriis adhuc nationibus nominibusque discreti, id. ib. 38: atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus ejus gentis nationibus in arma accensis, Vell. 2, 98: omnes exterae gentes ac nationes, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; cf.: per omnes gentes nationesque, Quint. 11, 3, 87; for which, in an inverted order: exterae nationes ac gentes, Cic. Font. 11, 25: aut gentes aut populos, Quint. 11, 1, 86: inter multas regum gentiumque et populorum legationes, Liv. 45, 19, 1; 45, 22, 8; cf. in an inverse order: populi et gentes, Quint. 12, 2, 3: postquam bello subegit Aequorum magnam gentem et ferocem, Cic. Rep. 2, 20: Sabina aut Volsca, id. ib. 3, 4: Transalpinae, id. ib. 3, 9: Allobrogum, id. Cat. 4, 6, 12: Nerviorum, Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1: Germanorum, id. ib. 6, 32 init.: Suevorum longe maxima Germanorum omnium, id. ib. 4, 1, 3; so of the Etruscan nation, Liv. 5, 1, 6; and in a wider sense than populus: non ex iisdem semper populis exercitus scriptos, quamquam eadem semper gens bellum intulerit, id. 6, 12, 4; 40, 15, 6; 2, 50, 2.—Also for civitas, the inhabitants of a city or town: Caesar Gomphos pervenit, quod est oppidum primum Thessaliae venientibus ab Epiro, quae gens ultro ad Caesarem legatos miserat, Caes. B. C. 3, 80, 1: atqui ad hoc, de quo agitur, non quaerimus gentem, ingenia quaerimus, Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf.: gladio pugnacissima gens Romani, Quint. 9, 3, 8; Liv. 5, 48, 3: Segni Condrusique, ex gente et numero Germanorum, Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1: in illa incorrupta maxime gente Aegyptiorum, Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 14: nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus, id. ib. 1, 17, 26: jus gentium, id. ib. 1, 2, 2; cf.: quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id ... vocatur jus gentium quasi quo jure omnes gentes utuntur, Gai. Inst. 1, 1.—
   2    In partic.
   a As a partit. gen., gentium, like terrarum, for the sake of emphasis, in the world, on earth (freq. and class.): ubicumque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143: quod ubique gentium est, id. Rep. 2, 4: ubinam gentium sumus, where in the world? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9: ubi ubi est gentium? Plaut. As. 2, 2, 21: obsecro, unde haec gentium? id. Cist. 4, 1, 16: ubi tu's gentium, id. Rud. 2, 5, 11: quaerit quod nusquamst gentium, id. Ps. 1, 4, 9: non hercle quo hinc nunc gentium aufugiam scio, id. Rud. 3, 5, 44: ubivis gentium agere aetatem quam, etc., Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 4: an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser? id. ib. 13: equidem te nisi nunc hodie nusquam vidi gentium, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 54: fratrem nusquam invenio gentium, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1: abeat multo malo quovis gentium, Quam hic, etc., id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55: res est in manibus: tu autem abes longe gentium, Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: nostri τυραννοκτόνοι longe gentium absunt, id. Fam. 12, 22, 2: ah! minime gentium, non faciam, by no means, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 44; so, minime gentium, id. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.—
   b Gentes, opp. to the Romans, foreign nations, foreigners (post-Aug. and rare): maneat, quaeso, duretque gentibus si non amor nostri at certe odium sui, Tac. G. 33; Auct. B. Hisp. 17 fin.—
   c In the eccl. fathers, gentes, like ἔθνος>, opp. to Jews and Christians, pagan nations, heathen, gentiles, Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Psa. 2, 1 et saep.— Hence the title of Arnobius's work, Adversus Gentes.—
   3    Transf., a region, country (very rare): ut Aspim aggrederetur, qui Cataoniam tenebat: quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam, Nep. Dat. 4: gentes viduatas esse suis cultoribus et desolatas, Arn. 1, 4.