caelum

Latin > English

caelum caeli N N :: heaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah
caelum caelum caeli N N :: chisel; engraving tool; burin

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

caelum: (cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. caedo,
I the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver: caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant, Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
caelum: (coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb. ,
I
v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. κύω, κοῖλος], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.: ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum, Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.: quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere, Lucr. 2, 1097: boat caelum fremitu virum, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26: quicquid deorum in caelo regit, Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.: lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo, Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12; so also, e caelo ictus, Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
   2    Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
   3    In the lang. of augury: de caelo servare, to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so, de caelo fieri, of celestial signs, to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
   4    Prov.: quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13: decidere de caelo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
   5    Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
   6    In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II Meton.
   A Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region: cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat, to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45: hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62: caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
   B The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.): in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër, Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102: caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: pingue et concretum caelum, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.: caell intemperies, Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3; Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia, id. ib. 3: spiritus, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15: gravitas, id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85: varium caeli morem praediscere, Verg. G. 1, 51: varietas et mutatio, Col. 11, 2, 1: qualitas, Quint. 5, 9, 15: caeli solique clementia, Flor. 3, 3, 13: subita mutatio, id. 4, 10, 9 al.—With adj.: bonum, Cato, R. R. 1, 2: tenue, Cic. Fat. 4, 7: salubre, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: serenum, Verg. G. 1, 260: palustre, Liv. 22, 2, 11: austerum, Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123: foedum imbribus ac nebulis, Tac. Agr. 12: atrox, Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.: hibernum, Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122: austrinum, id. 16, 26, 46, § 109: Italum, Hor. C. 2, 7, 4: Sabinum, id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.: quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni, id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
   C Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.: eodem die albescente caelo, Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1: vesperascente caelo, in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
   D Height: mons in caelum attollitur, toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf. Verg.: aequata machina caelo, Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world: falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, Verg. A. 6, 896.—
   E Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.: cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit, Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51: ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere, id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
   F Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.: Caesar in caelum fertur, Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9: Pisonem ferebat in caelum, praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5: te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt, id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things: omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas, extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5: caelo tenus extollere aliquid, Just. 12, 6, 2: in caelo ponere aliquem, id. ,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3: Catonem caelo aequavit, Tac. A. 4, 34: caelo Musa beat, Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.: recludere caelum, id. ib. 3, 2, 22; the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti, deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1: digito caelum attingere, to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7: caelum accepisse fatebor, Ov. M. 14, 844: tunc tangam vertice caelum, Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.: caelum merere, Sen. Suas. 1 init.—
In gen., a vault, arch, covering: caelum camerarum, the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.: capitis, Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) cælum,¹⁶ ī, n., ciseau, burin, instrument du ciseleur, du graveur : Cic. Ac. 2, 85 ; Quint. 2, 21, 24 || cælum figuli Mart. 6, 13, 1, roue du potier.
(2) cælum,⁶ ī, n., ciel
1 ciel, voûte céleste : rotundum ut cælum terraque ut media sit... sol ut circumferatur Cic. de Or. 3, 178, à savoir que le ciel soit rond, que la terre soit au centre, que le soleil tourne autour ; in cælum ascendere naturamque mundi et pulchritudinem siderum perspicere Cic. Læl. 88, monter dans le ciel et contempler la nature de l’univers, la beauté des astres ; sidera infixa cælo Cic. Nat. 1, 34, astres fixés à la voûte du ciel || phénomènes célestes, signes du ciel : de cælo servare Cic. Div. 2, 74, etc., observer le ciel [chercher à voir des signes dans le ciel] ; de cælo apud Etruscos multa fiebant Cic. Div. 1, 93, en Étrurie, il se produisait dans le ciel beaucoup de phénomènes ; de cælo percussus Cic. Cat. 3, 19 (tactus Liv. 22, 36, 8 ); e cælo ictus Cic. Div. 1, 16, frappé, atteint de la foudre ; cælo albente Cæs. C. 1, 68, 1 ; vesperascente Nep. Pel. 2, 5, au point du jour, à la tombée de la nuit ; eodem statu cæli et stellarum nati Cic. Div. 2, 92, nés avec le même état du ciel et des astres || [prov.] : cælum ac terras miscere Liv. 4, 3, 6, soulever (remuer) ciel et terre ; toto cælo errare Macr. Sat. 3, 12, 10, se tromper lourdement || [séjour de la divinité] : de cælo delapsus Cic. Pomp. 41, tombé (envoyé) du ciel (de cælo demissus Liv. 10, 8, 10 ) ; Herculem in cælum sustulit fortitudo Cic. Tusc. 4, 50, son courage a porté au ciel Hercule || [poét.] cælo gratissimus Virg. En. 8, 64, chéri du ciel ; me adsere cælo Ov. M. 1, 761, admets-moi au ciel (au rang des dieux)
2 ciel, hauteur des airs : ad cælum manus tendere Cæs. C. 2, 5, 3, tendre ses mains vers le ciel ; ad cælum extruere villam Cic. Domo 124, élever jusqu’au ciel une maison ; aer natura fertur ad cælum Cic. Nat. 2, 117, l’air monte naturellement vers le ciel || [fig.] in cælum Cato tollitur Cic. Arch. 22, on porte aux nues Caton (aliquem ad cælum ferre Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12 ; efferre Cic. Marc. 29 ) ; in cælo sum Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1, je suis au septième ciel [je triomphe], cf. digito cælum adtingere Cic. Att. 2, 1, 7, toucher du doigt le ciel ; Bibulus in cælo est Cic. Att. 2, 19, 2, on élève Bibulus jusqu’aux cieux ; de cælo detrahere aliquem Cic. Phil. 2, 107, faire descendre qqn du ciel [de son piédestal]
3 air du ciel, air, atmosphère : omnes naturæ, cælum, ignes, terræ, maria Cic. Nat. 1, 22, tous les éléments, le ciel, le feu, la terre, les mers ; repente cælum, solem, aquam terramque adimere alicui Cic. Amer. 71, enlever soudain à qqn le ciel, le soleil, l’eau, la terre (les 4 éléments) || climat, atmosphère d’une contrée : quæ omnia fiunt ex cæli varietate Cic. Div. 1, 79, tout cela résulte de la diversité des climats ; crasso cælo atque concreto uti Cic. Nat. 2, 42, vivre dans une atmosphère épaisse et dense ; Athenis tenue cælum... crassum Thebis Cic. Fato 7, à Athènes l’atmosphère est subtile... épaisse à Thèbes ; ubi se cælum, quod nobis forte alienum, commovet Lucr. 6, 1119, quand l’atmosphère d’une contrée, qui se trouve nous être contraire, se déplace ; paluster cælum Liv. 22, 2, 11, air (atmosphère) des marais || ciel, état du ciel : cælo sereno Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2, par un ciel serein ; dubio cælo Virg. G. 1, 252, avec un ciel incertain
4 voûte, dôme d’un édifice, voussure : Vitr. Arch. 7, 3, 3 || capitis Plin. 11, 134, voûte du crâne. l’orth. cœlum est défectueuse ; pour le pl. cæli, v. cælus.

Latin > German (Georges)

(1) caelum¹, ī, n. (caedo), der Meißel, Grabstichel des Ziseleurs, Varr. sat. Men. 7. Cic. Acad. 2, 85. Quint. 2, 21, 24: figuli, Mart. 4, 46, 14: Praxitelis, Stat. silv. 4, 6, 25: Plur., ferrea caela, Auson. epigr. 55, 6. p. 211 Schenkl.
(2) caelum² (coelum), ī, n. (zu Wurzel [s] quait, hell, klar, altind. kētú ḥ, Helle, ahd. haitar = nhd. heiter), I) die Himmelswölbung, der Himmel, a) als oberer Weltraum, im Ggstz. zur Erde (die Wasser u. Land umfaßt), Sitz der Gestirne, luftige Höhe u. dgl., o caelum, o terra, o maria Neptuni, Pacuv. fr.: summus ille caeli stellifer cursus, Cic.: caelum totum astris distinctum et ornatum, Cic.: totius caeli descriptio, Cic.: contemplatio caeli, Cic.: spectator caeli siderumque, Liv.: caelum suspicere, Cic.: caelum spectare, Ov.: quaerere unum caelum sit an innumerabilia, Cic.: caelum pingere, Varr. fr. – occasio quasi decidit de caelo, fiel gleichs. vom H. (= kam unverhofft), Plaut.: non de caelo demissos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, nicht wie vom Himmel gefallen (= ganz fremd), Liv. – Sprichw., caelum ac terras miscere, alles von oberst zu unterst kehren, alles umstürzen, Liv. 4, 3, 6 (so auch maria omnia caelo miscere, Verg. Aen. 5, 790): u. caelum findere aratro, etwas Unmögliches tun, Ov. trist, 1, 8, 3: quid si nunc caelum ruat? (v. von eitler Furcht u. Erwartung Ergriffenen) Ter. heaut. 719: toto caelo errare, sich gröblich irren, Macr. sat. 3, 12, 10. – dah. α) als Höhe, wie unser Himmel, mons e mediis arenis attollitur in caelum, himmelan, Plin.: tollere manus ad caelum, Hor. u. Sen. rhet.: od. manus utrasque ad caelum, Sen. rhet.: it caelo (himmelan) clamor, Verg.: sonitum dare caelo, Verg. – u. bes. als bedeutende Höhe, iuncta caelo montium iuga, Liv.: nives caelo prope immixtae, fast himmelhoher, Liv.: educere molem caelo, himmelan, Verg.: caelum contingere (von Örtl.), Liv.: aequare alqd caelo, Verg.: aequare caelum, sich zum H. türmen (v. Meere), Ov.: u. minari in caelum, Verg.: exiit ad caelum arbos, Verg. – β) (poet.) als Oberwelt (Ggstz. Erebus, manes, Tartarus), Hecate caelo Ereboque potens, Verg.: falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, Verg.: caelum in Tartara (Unterwelt) solvere, Verg. – γ) im Bilde, als Höchstes, was jmd. erreichen kann, Gipfel der Freude, des Glücks, Ruhms u. dgl., digito caelum attigisse putare, fast im H. zu sein glauben (= heilfroh sein), Cic.: caelum accipere, Ov.: u. (v. ungewöhnlichen Lob) alqm, alqd ferre ad od. in caelum, alqm tollere ad caelum, Cic.: alqd extollere caelo tenus, Iustin.: esse in caelo, bis in den H. erhoben werden, Cic.: alqm detrahere de caelo, seines hohen Ruhms berauben, Cic.: exaequat nos victoria caelo, Lucr. – b) als Luft-, Wolkenhimmel, α) als Sitz u. Ausgangspunkt der Lufterscheinungen, des Regens, Blitzes, caelum nocte atque nubibus obscuratum, Sall.: omne caelum hoc, in quo nubes imbres ventique coguntur, quod et umidum et caliginosum est propter exhalationem terrae, Cic.: propter aëris crassitudinem de caelo multa apud eos fiebant, et ob eandem causam multa inusitata partim e caelo, alia ex terra oriebantur, Cic.: a terris quantum caeli patet altus hiatus, Lucr.: subisse in caelum (v. Regenwasser), Plin.: demittere caelo imbres od. ex omni caelo nimbos, Ov.: cadere caelo od. de caelo (v. Meteorsteinen), Liv., u. cadere de caelo (v. Regen), ICt.: delabi de caelo (v. einem Bildnis, einer Fackel), Cic. u. Frontin.: de caelo servare, Himmelszeichen beobachten, Cic.: caelum discedit, Cic.: caelum finditur velut magno hiatu, Liv.: Arpis parmas in caelo visas, Liv.: cadunt caelo fulgura, Verg.: fulmina iaciuntur de caelo, Liv.: tangi de caelo, vom Blitz getroffen werden, Cato, Liv. u.a.: u. so percuti de caelo, Cic., u. ici e caelo, Cic.: ici de caelo, Iul. Obsequ.: et prius coruscare caelum creditur et mox tonare, Apul. – β) als untere Luftschicht, Dunstkreis, Atmosphäre, atmosphärische Luft, caelum liberum, apertum et liberum, die freie Luft, Cic. u.a. (bes. oft caelo libero frui, s. Bünem. Lact. 1, 21, 40): sub caelo, unter freiem H., in freier Luft, Ps. Quint. decl. 314: ferri per caelum, Verg.: per caelum eunte nuntio, Plin. – bes. Region der Witterung, densitas caeli, Vitr.: caeli compressio, Vitr.: potestne tibi haec lux aut huius caeli spiritus esse iucundus, Cic.: alium domi esse caeli haustum, Curt. – dah. Luft = Witterung, Wetter, Klima, caeli temperies, Plin. u.a. (s. Mützell Curt. p. 269): intemperies caeli, rauhe L. od. W., Liv.: gravitas huius caeli, hiesige ungesunde L., Cic.: serenitas caeli, Sen.: status caeli, Witterungsverhältnisse, Curt.: c. vernum, Sen.: c. tenue purumque et propterea salubre, Ggstz. caelum pingue et concretum, Cic.: c. liquidum, Ov.: c. spissum, Ov. u. Sen.: c. palustre, Sumpfluft, Liv.: c. bonum, Cato: c. pestilens. Sen.: c. temperatum, Cels.: c. crassum, Cic.: c. mitissimum, Liv.: c. umidum, siccum, Cels.: c. frigidum, calidum, Cels.: c. grave, Sen. u. Suet. – γ) als Träger der Tageszeit, albente caelo, Sisenn. 4. fr. 103 (b. Quint. 8, 3, 35). Caes. b. c. 1, 68, 1, od. caelo albente, Auct. b. Afr. 11, 1 u. 80, 3: albescente caelo, Paul. dig. 28, 2, 25. § 1: vesperascente caelo, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5. – c) der freie Himmel als Gesichtskreis, Horizont, libertas caeli, Quint.: cuicunque particulae caeli officeretur, Cic.: nox umida caelum abstulit, Verg. – dah. die Himmelsgegend, der Himmelsstrich, in eam caeli partem spectat, Plin.: hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: caelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Hor. – d) der Himmel als Sitz der unsterblichen Götter, me assere caelo, erkläre mich himmlischen Ursprungs, Ov.: de caelo delabi (v. Romulus), Liv.: de caelo delapsus, wie ein Bote des Himmels, ein Gottgesandter, Cic.: u. so de caelo demissus, Lucr., caelo missus, Tibull., quasi de caelo missus, Iustin.: caelum conscendere, in den H. steigen, Val. Max.: alqm in caelo ponere, Iustin.: in caelum ire od. abire, gen H. fahren, Suet., Petr. u. Tibull.: so auch in caelum plurimo igne attolli, Tac.: non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videri escendere, Cic. – dah. α) = die Götter selbst, sunt commercia caeli, mit dem H. haben wir (Dichter) Umgang, Ov. am. 3, 549. – β) = göttliche Verehrung, quid me caelum sperare iubebas, Verg. georg. 4, 325. – γ) = Unsterblichkeit, virum caelo Musa beat, Hor.: dicare caelo, Plin.: decretum patri suo caelum, sein V. wurde für unsterblich erklärt, unter die Götter versetzt, Tac. – e) personif., Caelum, ī, n. = Caelus (s. caelus no. II), Hyg. fab. praef. in. p. 2 M. – II) übtr. = die Wölbung, Decke, imum c. camerae, der innere Himmel (die innere Seite) des Gewölbes, Vitr. 7, 3, 3: capitis, Plin. 11, 134. – / Apokop. Form. cael, Enn. ann. 561 (b. Auson. Technop. (XXVII) 13, 17. p. 139 Schenkl. – / Die Schreibung caelum, nicht coelum, jetzt in den meisten Ausgaben, vgl. Wagner Orthograph. Verg. p. 413.

Latin > Chinese

caelum, i. n. :: 雕刻刀。擊。鈒刀
caelum, i. n. plur. caeli, orum. m. :: 天。氣。空中。— capitis 天靈蓋。— camerarum 諸臥房之頂。Varius caeli mos 各水 土不同。De caelo detrahere eum 黜其高位。De caelo ictus vel tactus 雷擊之。De caelo servare 等天兆。Caelum attingere digitis 自以爲大福者。In caelum tollere 以彼役入雲霄。De caelo lapsus vel missus 天降之人。Caelum mutare 換天氣。

Translations

sky

Abkhaz: ажәҩан; Adyghe: ошъуапщэ; Afrikaans: lug; Aguaruna: nayaim; Ainu: ニㇱ, カンド; Akan: wim; Aklanon: eangit; Albanian: qiell; Amharic: ሰማይ; Apache Western Apache: yáá, yaaʼ; Arabic: ⁧سَمَاء⁩; Egyptian Arabic: ⁧سما⁩; Hijazi Arabic: ⁧سما⁩; Aramaic Classical Syriac: ⁧ܫܡܝܐ⁩; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ⁧שְׁמַיָּא⁩; Western Neo-Aramaic: ⁧ܫܡܘܐ⁩; Argobba: ሱማይ; Armenian: երկինք; Aromanian: tser; Assamese: আকাশ; Asturian: cielu; Avestan: ⁧𐬀𐬯𐬨𐬀𐬥⁩, ⁧𐬥𐬀𐬠𐬀⁩; Aymara: alaxa pacha, laqampu; Azerbaijani: göy, səma; Baluchi: ⁧آزمان⁩, ⁧آسمان⁩; Bashkir: күк; Basque: zeru; Baure: ani; Belarusian: неба; Bengali: আকাশ; Bikol Central: langit; Bouyei: mbenl; Breton: oabl, neñv; Brunei Malay: langit; Buginese: langiq; Bulgarian: небе; Burmese: ကောင်းကင်, မိုး; Buryat: тэнгэри; Carpathian Rusyn: небо; Catalan: cel; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ; Central Melanau: langit; Chamicuro: ikejta; Chamorro: långet; Chechen: стигал; Cherokee: ᎦᎸᎶᎢ; Chickasaw: shotik; Chinese Cantonese: 天; Dungan: тян, асмон, асмар; Mandarin: 天, 天空; Wu: 天; Chuvash: тӳпе; Comanche: tomoobi; Coptic Bohairic: ⲫⲉ; Sahidic: ⲡⲉ; Cornish: ebron; Czech: nebe, obloha; Dalmatian: cil; Danish: himmel; Dhivehi: ⁧އުޑު⁩; Dutch: hemel, lucht; Eastern Arrernte: alkere; Eastern Bontoc: ad ocho; Erzya: менель; Esperanto: ĉielo; Estonian: taevas; Etruscan: 𐌀𐌉𐌈𐌕𐌓𐌀; Evenki: няӈня; Faroese: himin, himmal; Finnish: taivas; Franco-Provençal: cièl; French: ciel; Friulian: cîl; Galician: ceo; Ge'ez: ሰማይ; Georgian: ცა; German: Himmel; Greek: ουρανός; Ancient Greek: αἰθήρ, ὄρανος, οὐρανός, πόλος, ὠρανός; Guaraní: yvága; Gujarati: આકાશ; Haitian Creole: syèl; Hausa: samà; Hawaiian: lani; Hebrew: ⁧שמיים / שָׁמַיִם⁩; Higaonon: gabon, langit; Hiligaynon: ginhanan, sielo; Hindi: आसमान, आकाश, अम्बर, गगन, नभ, आभ; Hittite: 𒉈𒂊𒁉𒅖; Hungarian: ég, égbolt; Hunsrik: Himmel; Ibanag: langit; Icelandic: himinn; Ido: cielo; Ilocano: langit; Indonesian: langit; Ingrian: taivas; Ingush: сигале; Inuktitut: ᕿᓚᒃ; Irish: aer, spéir; Istro-Romanian: țer; Italian: cielo; Ivatan: hañit; Japanese: 空, 大空, 天空, 天; Jarawa: paŋnaŋ; Javanese: langit; Jingpho: lamu; K'iche': kaj; Kabardian: уафэ; Kalmyk: теңгр; Kannada: ಆಕಾಶ, ಗಗನ; Kapampangan: banua; Karakhanid: ⁧تَنكْرىٖ⁩; Kashubian: niebò; Kazakh: аспан, көк; Khmer: មេឃ; Korean: 하늘; Kumeyaay: 'emaay; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ⁧ئاسمان⁩; Northern Kurdish: esman; Kyrgyz: асман, көк; Ladino: sielo; Lao: ທ້ອງຟ້າ, ຟ້າ; Latgalian: dabasi; Latin: caelum; Latvian: debesis; Laz: მცა; Lezgi: цав; Lithuanian: dangus, padangė; Livonian: tōvaz; Lokono: hayumu; Lombard: ciel; Lü: ᦝᦱᧉ; Lubuagan Kalinga: langit, tiyeb; Luganda: eggulu; Luxembourgish: Himmel; Maasai: enkai; Macedonian: небо; Maguindanao: langit; Malagasy: lanitra; Malay: langit; Malayalam: ആകാശം, മാനം; Malecite-Passamaquoddy: musikisq inan; Maltese: sema; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠ; Mansaka: langit; Mansi: то̄рум; Maori: rangi; Maranao: langit; Marathi: आकाश; Marquesan North Marquesan: 'aki; Megleno-Romanian: țer, tser; Middle English: welken, heven, lift, sky, skew; Middle Korean: 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮; Middle Persian: ⁧𐭠𐭮𐭬𐭠𐭭⁩; Mingrelian: ცა; Mirandese: cielo; Moksha: менель; Mongolian Cyrillic: тэнгэр; Mongolian: ᠲᠩᠷᠢ; Muong: tlời; Nahuatl: iluikatl, ilhuicatl; Nanai: боа; Navajo: yá; Neapolitan: cielo; Nepali: आकाश; Nheengatu: iuaka; Norman: ciel; Northern Thai: ᨼ᩶ᩣ; Norwegian Bokmål: himmel; Nynorsk: himmel; Nuosu: ꃅ; Occitan: cèl; Odia: ଆକାଶ; Ojibwe: giizhig, giizhigoon; Okinawan: すら; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: небо; Glagolitic: ⱀⰵⰱⱁ; Old East Slavic: небо; Old English: heofon, lyft; Old Persian Old Portuguese: ceo; Old Prussian: dāngs; Old Tupi: ybaka; Old Turkic: ⁧𐰚𐰇𐰚⁩, ⁧𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃⁩; Old Uyghur: tnkry; Oromo: samii; Ossetian: арв, уӕларв; Ottoman Turkish: ⁧آسمان⁩, ⁧سما⁩, ⁧سموات⁩, ⁧كوك⁩; Papiamentu: shelu; Parthian: assamän; Pashto: ⁧هسک⁩, ⁧آسمان⁩; Persian Iranian Persian: ⁧آسْمان⁩, ⁧آسِمان⁩, ⁧سِپِهْر⁩, ⁧جُو⁩; Phoenician: ⁧𐤔𐤌𐤌⁩; Pipil: ilwikak, ilhuicac; Plautdietsch: Himmel; Polabian: nebü; Polish: niebo, firmament inan; Portuguese: céu; Punjabi: ਅਸਮਾਨ, ਆਕਾਸ਼; Purepecha: auanda; Quechua: hanaq pacha; Rapa Nui: rangi; Rarotongan: rangi; Romagnol: zil; Romanian: cer, чер; Romansch: tschiel, tschêl; Russian: небо; Saanich: ŦI¸ŦEȽ; Saho: caran; Sanskrit: दिव, आकाश; Sardinian: chelu; Saterland Frisian: Heemel; Scots: lint; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: не̏бо; Roman: nȅbo; Shan: ၽႃႉ; Sicilian: celu; Sidamo: gordo; Sinhalese: අහස, ආකාශය; Slovak: nebo, obloha; Slovene: nebo; Somali: cir; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: njebjo; Upper Sorbian: njebjo; South Marquesan: 'ani; Southern Kalinga: langit; Spanish: firmamento, cielo; Sranan Tongo: heimel; Sumerian: 𒀭; Sundanese: awang; Svan: დეც; Swahili: mbingu, anga; Swedish: himmel, sky; Tabasaran: зав; Tagalog: kalangitan, langit; Tahitian: raʻi; Tai Nüa: ᥜᥣᥳ; Tajik: осмон, фалак; Tamil: ஆகாயம்; Taos: pʼȍpə́na; Tarifit: ajenna; Tatar: күк; Tausug: langit; Tày: fạ; Telugu: ఆకాశము, గగనము; Tetum: lalehan; Thai: ฟ้า, ท้องฟ้า; Tibetan: གནམ; Tigrinya: ሰማይ; Tocharian A: eprer; Tongan: langi; Turkish: gökyüzü, gök; Turkmen: asman, gök; Tzotzil: vinajel; Udi: ҝоьй, гоьг, гог; Udmurt: ин, инбам; Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎎𐎎; Ukrainian: небо; Umbundu: ilu; Urdu: ⁧آسْمان⁩, ⁧آکاش⁩, ⁧گَگَن⁩, ⁧اَمْبَر⁩; Uyghur: ⁧ئاسمان⁩, ⁧كۆك⁩; Uzbek: koʻk, osmon, falak; Veps: taivaz; Vietnamese: trời; Vilamovian: hymuł; Volapük: sil; Voro: taivas; Votic: taivöz; Walloon: cir, stoelî; Waray-Waray: langit; Welsh: awyr, wybren, wybr; West Frisian: himel; White Hmong: ntuj; Wolof: asamaan; Xhosa: isibhakabhaka; Yagnobi: осмон; Yakut: халлаан; Yámana: seyf; Yami: angit; Yiddish: ⁧הימל⁩; Yucatec Maya: kaʼan; Zazaki: ezman; Zealandic: 'emel; Zhuang: mbwn, fax; Zulu: isibhakabhaka, izulu, amafu; ǃXóõ: kùu ǂèe

chisel

Albanian: thadër, daltë; Arabic: إِزْمِيل‎; Armenian: դուր; Belarusian: долата, зубі́ла, стамеска; Bulgarian: длето; Catalan: cisell; Chechen: урс; Chinese Cantonese: 鑿; Mandarin: 鑿子, 凿子; Czech: dláto, sekáč, majzlík; Danish: mejsel, stemmejern; Dargwa: уршури; Dutch: beitel; Esperanto: ĉizilo; Estonian: peitel; Ewe: pɛ; Finnish: taltta; French: ciseau, burin; Friulian: cesel; Galician: cicel, escoupro, formón, trincha; Georgian: საჭრისი, სატეხი; German: Meißel, Stemmeisen, Beitel, Stechbeitel; Greek: σκαρπέλο; Ancient Greek: ἀκίς, ἀκίσκλη, ἀκίσκλος, γλαρίς, γλυπτήρ, γλύφανος, γλυφεῖον, γλυφίς, ἐγκοπεύς, κολαπτήρ, κοπεύς, λαξευτήριον, λατομίς, ξοΐς, ξυστήρ, σμίλη, σμῖλα, τύκος; Gujarati: છીણી; Hebrew: אִזְמֵל‎; Hindi: छेनी; Hungarian: véső; Icelandic: sporjárn; Ido: cizelo; Igbo: mma-mkpa; Inari Sami: hugimbor; Irish: gearrthóir; Italian: scalpello, cesello; Japanese: 鑿; Javanese: pahat; Kazakh: тескіш; Khmer: ពន្លាក; Korean: 끌; Kyrgyz: кескич; Latin: scalprum, caelum; Latvian: kalts; Lingala: sizó; Lithuanian: káltas; Macedonian: длето; Malay: pahat; Maltese: furmatur, skarpell; Maori: whao; Mongolian: цүүц; Nepali: छिनो, राँबो, रामो; Northern Sotho: pêtlô; Norwegian Bokmål: meisel; Nynorsk: meitel, meisel; Occitan: cisèl; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: длато; Glagolitic: ⰴⰾⰰⱅⱁ; Old English: heardhēawa; Old Javanese: pahat; Persian: اسکنه‎; Plautdietsch: Beitel; Polish: dłuto, przecinak; Portuguese: cinzel; Romanian: daltă; Russian: долото, зубило, стамеска; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: длето, длијето; Roman: dleto, dlijeto; Slovak: dláto, majzlík, majzel; Slovene: dleto; Spanish: formón, cincel, escoplo, piqueta, zapapico; Swahili: patasi; Swedish: mejsel, stämjärn; Tagalog: pait, paningkal; Telugu: శానం; Thai: สิ่ว; Tibetan: འབུག, གཟོང; Turkish: keski, makas, iskarpela; Turkmen: isgene; Ukrainian: долото, зубило, стамеска; Vietnamese: cái đục; Vilamovian: bǡsuł; Walloon: cizea; Welsh: cŷn, gaing; Yup'ik: cupilaq