sestertius

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

sestertĭus: a, um, num. adj. contr. from semis-tertius,
I two and a half; only in the phrases sestertius nummus and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. infra.— Mostly as subst.
I sestertĭus (written also with the characters HS.; v. B. 4. infra), ii, m. (sc. nummus); also in full: sestertius nummus; gen. plur. sestertiūm; rarely sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a small silver coin, originally equal to two and a half asses, or one fourth of a denarius. When the as was reduced in weight, during the Punic wars, the denarius was made equal to sixteen asses, and the sestertius continued to be one fourth of the denarius. Its value, up to the time of Augustus, was twopence and half a farthing sterling, or four and one tenth cents; afterwards about one eighth less. The sestertius was the ordinary coin of the Romans, by which the largest sums were reckoned. The sestertium (1000 sestertii) was equal (up to the time of Augustus, afterwards about one eighth less) to !*?8 17s. 1d. sterling, or $42.94 in United States coin (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, sestertius).
   A In gen.: sestertius, quod duobus semis additur (dupondius enim et semis antiquus sestertius est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut retro aere dicerent, ita ut semis tertius, quartus semis pronunciarent, ab semis tertius sestertius dicitur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, quod efficie batur ex duobus assibus et tertio semisse, sestertium nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30: taxatio in libras sestertii singuli et in penuriā bini, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined with nummus: mille nongentos quinquaginta sestertios nummos, Col. 3, 3, 9.—Gen. plur. sestertiūm: quid verum sit, intellego; sed alias ita loquor, ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum dico vel pro deorum, alias, ut necesse est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est, Cic. Or. 46, 56: sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm, Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum: duo milia sestertiorum, Col. 3, 3, 13.—
   B In partic.
   1    As adj. in neutr. plur., with milia (in Varr. and Col.): ut asinus venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= sexaginta milibus sestertium), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14: grex centenarius facile quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat, id. ib. 3, 6, 6: hos numquam minus dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere, id. ib. 3, 6, 11: Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat, id. ib. 3, 17, 3: sestertiis octo milibus, Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—
   2    To express more than two complete thousands sestertia is used as plurale tantum, with distrib. numerals (rare before the Aug. per.): si qui vilicus ex eo fundo, qui sestertia dena meritasset ... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= decem milia sestertiūm), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119: candidati apud eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= quindecim milia sestertiūm), id. Att. 4, 15, 7: capit ille ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis, id. Par. 6, 3, 49: bis dena super sestertia nummum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33: Tiberius Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus ducena sestertia singulis, Tac. A. 2, 38: princeps capiendis pecuniis posuit modum usque ad dena sestertia, id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely with card. numerals: sestertia centum, Sall. C. 30, 6: septem donat sestertia, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80: centum sestertia, Mart. 6, 20, 1: sex sestertia, id. 6, 30, 1; cf.: ne cui jus esset nisi qui ... HS. CCCC. census fuisset, Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—
   3    Millions of sesterces were expressed in three ways:
   a By the words centena (or centum) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a numeral adverb (rare): miliens centena milia sestertium, a hundred millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—
   b With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm being preceded by the numeral adv. (rare; once in Cic.): HS. (i. e. sestertium) quater decies P. Tadio numerata Athenis ... planum faciam (i.e. sestertiūm quater decies centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 (where B. and K. after Orell. read. ex conj., sestertium; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—
   c With sestertium, declined as subst. neutr., and the numeral adverbs from decies upward (also with ellips. of centena or centum milia; sestertium here = centum milia sestertiūm. The origin of this usage, which became general, has been much disputed, and it is usual to explain it, after Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical blunder, by which the gen. plur. sestertium has been mistaken for a neutr. sing., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; but it more probably grew out of the adj. use of sestertium with mille, supra; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).
   (a)    Nom. and acc.: quom ei testamento sestertium milies relinquatur, Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93: nonne sestertium centies et octogies ... Romae in quaestu reliquisti? id. Pis. 35, 86: sestertium sexagies, quod advexerat Domitius, Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4: sestertium quadringenties aerario illatum est, Tac. A. 13, 31: sestertium deciens numeratum esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163: quadringenties sestertium, quod debuisti, id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2: sestertium ducenties ex eā praedā redactum esse, Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6: sestertium milies in culinam congerere, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3: quater milies sestertium suum vidit, id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes with ellips. of sestertium: dissipatio, per quam Antonius septies miliens avertit, Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—
   (b)    Gen.: syngrapha sestertii centies per legatos facta, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95: argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit, Liv. 45, 4, 1: sestertii milies servus, Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1: liberalitas decies sestertii, Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86: centies sestertii largitio, id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—
   (g)    Abl.: quadragies sestertio villam venisse, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3: sexagies sestertio, tricies sestertio, Val. Max. 9, 1, 4: centies sestertio cenavit uno die, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11: pantomimae decies sestertio nubunt, id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196: accepto quinquagies sestertio, Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The sign HS., i.e. II. and semis, stands for sestertius, sestertia, and sestertium, in all the uses described above; when it is necessary, to avoid ambiguity, its meanings are distinguished thus: HS. XX. stands for sestertii viginti; HS. X[dibreve]X., with a line over the numeral, = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H[dibreve]S. X[dibreve]X., with lines over both signs, = sestertium vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in recent edd. the numerals are usu. written in full, when the meaning would otherwise be doubtful.—
   C Transf., in gen.
   a Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a small sum, for a trifle (good prose): ecquis est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur, Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10: C. Matienus damnatus sestertio nummo veniit, Liv. Epit. 55: quae maxima inter vos habentur, divitiae, gratia, potentia, sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt, Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—*
   b Money, a sum of money: sestertio amplo comparare, for a large sum, Sol. 27 (40) fin.—
   D In the times of the emperors, also, a copper coin, worth four asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—*
II ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a measure of dimension, two and a half feet deep: ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: quod vocant rustici sestertium, Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for which: siccus ager bipalio subigi debet, quae est altitudo pastinationis, cum in duos pedes et semissem convertitur humus, id. ib. 3, 5, 3).

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) sēstertĭus,¹³ a, um (semis, tertius), qui contient deux et demi :
1 sestertius nummus, sesterce ; gén. pl. sestertium nummum Cic. Or. 56 ; Varro R. 3, 6, 1 ; v. sestertius 2
2 [fig.] de faible valeur : sestertio nummo æstimare aliquid Sen. Ep. 95, 59, estimer qqch. un rien, cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 45.
(2) sēstertĭus,⁸ ĭī, m., sesterce, monnaie d’argent valant deux as et demi ou le quart du denier, en abrégé II et S(emis), devenu HS
1 de 1 à 1 000 la forme sestertius est d’usage ; quattuor sestertii, centum, mille sestertii, quatre, cent, mille sesterces
2 à partir de 1 000 : a) gén. pl. sestertium : bina milia sestertium, 2 000 sesterces ; rar^t sestertiorum ; b) sestertium n’étant plus senti comme génitif a été pris comme un subst. neutre = 1 000 sesterces ; d’où tria, septem, trecenta sestertia, 3 000, 7 000, 300 000 sesterces ; et plus souvent avec les distributifs
3 les millions sont désignés de deux façons : a) decies, vicies, tricies centena milia sestertium, 10 fois, 20 fois, 30 fois 100 000 sesterces = 1, 2, 3 millions de sesterces ; b) suppression de centena avec sestertium se déclinant, touj. au sing. et signifiant 100 000 sesterces : ei sestertium milies relinquitur Cic. Off. 3, 93, il lui est laissé 100 millions de sesterces ; syngrapha sestertii centies Cic. Phil. 2, 95, obligation de 10 millions de sesterces ; centies sestertio cenare Sen. Helv. 10, 4, faire un dîner de 10 millions de sesterces
4 abréviations : HS XX = 20 sesterces ;  000 sesterces ; XX

Latin > German (Georges)

sēstertius, a, um (semis-tertius), dritthalb, I) als Münzbezeichnung, sestertius (mit Zeichen HS, d. t. II u. semis), iī, m. u. vollst. sestertius nummus, Genet. Plur. sestertiûm nummûm u. bl. sestertiûm od. sestertiorum, der Sesterz, A) eine Silbermünze, zur Zeit der Republik dritthalb As oder ein Vierteldenar, ungefähr 20 Pfennige (1000 sestertii = 200 Mark), 1) eig.: s. duodeni, Cic.: s. singuli, Plin.: s. nummus, Cic. u. Colum. – Der häufige Gebrauch der Genetivform sestertiûm bei den Zahlbestimmungen über mille bewirkte, daß man sie schon sehr früh für einen neutralen Nominativ hielt u. nicht bloß einen Plural sestertia bildete, sondern sestertium selbst als Singular deklinierte. Und zwar bedeutet sestertium (mit Auslassung von mille) die Summe von tausend Sesterzen u. neben dem multiplikativen Adv. decies, centies etc. (mit Auslassung von centena milia) die Summe von hunderttausend Sesterzen, also decies sestertium eine Million, centies sestertium zehn Millionen usw.: sescenta sestertia = 600000 Sesterze, Cic.: quadragena milia sestertia, Varro: septem sestertia, Hor.: milies sestertium = 100 Millionen, Cic.: sexagies sestertium, Caes.: decies sestertii, Liv.: sestertio decies, Cic.: sexagies sestertio, Suet.: a trecentis sestertiis (300 S.) ad-ūsqueduo sestertia (2000 S.) sūmptuscenarum propagatus est, Gell. 2, 24, 15. – 2) übtr.: a) nummo sestertio od. sestertio nummo, für eine geringe Summe, für eine Kleinigkeit, nummo sestertio od. sestertio nummo alci addici, Cic. Rab. Post. 45. Val. Max. 5, 2, 10: sestertio nummo venire (verkauft werden), Liv. epit. 55: alqm sestertio nummo damnare, Aur. Vict. 8, 2, 3: ut quae maxima inter nos habentur, divitiae, gratia, potentia, sestertio nummo aestimanda sint, Sen. ep. 95, 59. – b) amplo sestertio, für vieles Geld, basilisci reliquias amplo sestertio comparare, Solin. 27, 53. – B) in der Kaiserzeit auch eine Kupfermünze, 4 Asse an Wert, Plin. 34, 4. – II) in der ökonom. Sprache als Maßbestimmung, dritthalb Fuß Tiefe, sat erit bipalio vertere, quod vocant rustici sestertium, Colum. de arb. 1, 5.