ἀλήθεια

English (LSJ)

[ᾰλ], ἡ, Dor. ἀλάθεια (also

   A ἀλαθείᾱ B.12.204); ἀλάθεα Alc.57, Theoc.29.1 is neut. pl. of ἀλᾱθής; Ep. (and Farly Att. acc. to Hdn.Gr.2.454) ἀληθείᾱ; Ion. ἀληθείη:    I truth, opp. lie or mere appearance:    1 in Hom. only opp. a lie, freq. in phrase ἀληθείην καταλέξαι Il.24.407,al.; ἀ. ἀποειπεῖν 23.361; παιδὸς πᾶσαν ἀ. μυθεῖσθαι to tell whole truth about the lad, Od.11.507; ἀλάθει' ἀτρεκής Pi.N.5.17, cf. B. l.c.; prov., οἶνος καὶ ἀ. `in vino veritas', Alc.l.c., etc.; ἁπλᾶ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἀ. ἔπη A.Fr.176, cf. E.Ph.469; χρᾶσθαι τῇ ἀ. Hdt.1.116; εἰπεῖν τὴν ἀ. Id.6.69; ἡ ἀ. περί τινος Th.4.122, S. Tr.91; ἀ. ἔχειν to be true, Arist.Pol.1281a42: pl., ταῖς ἀ. χρῆσθαι Isoc.9.5; τὰς ἀ. λέγειν Men.87,925; τὰς ἀ. ἀκοῦσαι τῶν γενομένων Alcid.Od.13:—Ἀλήθεια or περὶ Ἀληθείας, title of works by Protag., Pl.Tht.161c, Cra. 391c; by Antipho Soph., FOxy.1364, cf. Hermog. Id.2.11, etc.    2 after Hom. also truth, reality, opp. appearance, σὺν ἀλαθείᾳ καλῶν B.3.96; ἡ ἀ. τῶν πραχθέντων Antipho 2.4.1; τῶν ἔργων ἡ ἀ. Th.2.41; μιμήματα ἀληθείας Pl.Plt.300c:— in adverb. usages, τῇ ἀ. in very truth, Th.4.120, etc.; ταῖς ἀ. Isoc.15.283, cf. Philem.130, Plb.10.40.5, Babr.75.20; rarely (without the Art.) ἀληθείᾳ Pl.Prt.343d:—with Preps., ἐν τῇ ἀ. Pl.La.183d; ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος in truth and reality, D.21.72; ἐπ' ἀληθείᾳ for the sake of truth, A.Supp. 628, Ar.Pl.891; also, according to truth and nature, Theoc.7.44:—μετ' ἀληθείας X.Mem.2.1.27, D.2.4:— κατὰ τὴν ἀ. Isoc.1.2.46, etc.; κατ' ἀλήθειον Arist.Pol.1278b33, etc.:— ξὺν ἀληθείᾳ A.Ag.1567:—πρὸς ἀλήθειαν D.S.5.67, etc.    3 real war, opp. exercise or parade, Plb.10.20.4,al.; ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. Id.1.21.3.    4 true event, realization of dream or omen, Hdt.3.64, Damon ap.Sch.Ar.Pl.1003.    II of persons, truthfulness, sincerity, Hdt. 1.55; ἀλαθείᾳ φρενῶν A.Ag.1550, cf. Pl.R.331c, Arist.EN1108a20.    III *)a. personified, Emp.1, Parm.1.29, etc.    IV symbol of truth, jewel worn by Egyptian high-priest, D.S.1.48,75, Ael. VH14.34: of the Thummim, LXX Le.8.8.

German (Pape)

[Seite 94] ἡ, Hom. ἀληθείη, immer accus.; Her. ἀληθηίη, die Wahrheit, Hom. ἀληθείην καταλέγειν z. B. Od. 16, 226, ἀποειπεῖν. 23, 861, Prädicatsnomen ταῦτά τοι, ἀχνύμενός περ, ἀληθείην κατέλεξα Od. 7, 297; πᾶσαν ἀλ. παιδὸς μυθεῖσθαι, über den Sohn die ganze Wahrheit sagen, Od. 11, 507; ähnl. Soph. πᾶσαν πυθέσθαι τῶνδ' ἀλήθειαν πέρι Τr. 91; τὰς ἀληθείας λέγειν Men. bei B. A. 376; ἀκούσεσθε πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν Plat. Apol. 17 b, ἐρῶ 33 c; πάσας τὰς ἀληθείας Dem. 42, 8. 47, 40, die wahren Umstände. – Wahrhaftigkeit, Aufrichtigkeit, im Gegensatz der ψευδολογία Isocr. 12, 78; Plut. Cat. min. 35; vom Richter Din. 1, 87. – Wirklichkeit, bes. τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, in Wirklichkeit, dem τῷ λόγῳ entgegengesetzt Isocr. 3, 33; sehr oft bei Plat., Prot. 339 d ἄνδρα ἀγαθὸν γενέσθαι ἀληθείᾳ, τὸ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ἄνδρα σοφὸν εἶναι Hipp. mai. 281 b; ταἶς ἀληθείαις Dio Chrys. 2, 39 wie schon Philem. com., vgl. Mein. Menip. 32; – ταῖς ἀληθείαις ὅμοιον Alcidam. Od. 670, 7 Sophist. 575, 17. Andere advelb. Vrbdgn: σὺν ἀληθείᾳ Aesch. Ag. 1548; μετ' ἀληθεἰας u. ἐπ' ἀληθείας σκοπεῖσθαι Dem. 2, 4. 18, 294; ἐπ' ἀληθεἰᾳ Aesch. Suppl. 623 Ar. Plut. 892 πρὸς ἀλήθειαν häufig bei Pol. u. Sp., z. B. Diod. Sic. – Bei den Aegyptiern ein Schmuck des Oberpriesters als Zeichen der Wahrheit u. Gerechtigkeit, Diod. S. 1, 48; Ael. V. H. 14, 34.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἀλήθεια: [ᾰλ], ἡ, Δωρ. ἀλάθεια, Ἐπ. καὶ ἀληθείᾱ, ἀλλ’ οἱ τύποι ἀληθείη, -ηΐη, ἐν χειρογράφοις τοῦ Ἡροδότου εἶναι ἐσφαλμένοι, ἴδε Δινδ. π. Διαλ., Ἡρόδ. σ. ΧΙ: (ἀληθής): Ι. ἀλήθεια, τὸ ἀντίθετον τοῦ ψεύδους ἢ τοῦ ἁπλῶς φαινομένου. 1) παρ’ Ὁμήρῳ καὶ Πινδάρῳ μόνον κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς τὸ ψεῦδος, καὶ ὁ Ὅμ. ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον ἔχει τὴν λέξιν ἐν τῇ φράσει ἀληθείην καταλέξαι, Ἰλ. Ω. 407, καὶ ἀλλ., ἀλ. ἀποειπεῖν, Ψ. 361˙ παιδός... πᾶσαν ἀληθείην μυθεῖσθαι, λέγειν πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθ. περὶ τοῦ παιδός, Ὀδ. Λ. 507˙ πρβλ. Πινδ. Ν. 5. 31˙ οὕτω καὶ παρ’ Ἡροδ. καὶ Ἀττ., ἁπλᾶ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἀλ. ἔπη, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀπ. 173˙ πρβλ. Εὐρ. Φοίν. 472˙ τῇ ἀληθείῃ χρεώμενος, Ἡρόδ. 1. 116˙ εἰπεῖν τὴν ἀληθείην, ὁ αὐτ. 6. 69· ἡ ἀλ. περί τινος, Θουκ. 4. 122, Σοφ. Τρ. 91· ἀλ. ἔχειν, ἀληθῆ εἶναι, Ἀριστ. Πολ. 3. 11, 1· ὡσαύτως κατὰ πληθ., ταῖς ἀλ. χρῆσθαι, Ἰσοκρ. σ. 190Α· τὰς ἀλ. λέγειν, Μένανδ. ἐν «Ἀφροδισίῳ» 3, καὶ ἀλλ.: ― Ἀλήθεια ἦτο τὸ ὄνομα ἔργου τινὸς τοῦ Πρωταγ., Πλάτ. Θεαίτ. 161C, 162Α, Κρατ. 391C. 2) παρ’ Ἀττικοῖς ὡσαύτως, τὸ ἐναντίον τοῦ φαινομένου, = ἀλήθεια, πραγματικότης, ἡ ἀλ. τῶν πραχθέντων, Ἀντιφῶν 119, 21· τῶν ἔργων ἡ ἀλ. Θουκ. 2, 41· μιμήματα ἀληθείας, Πλάτ. Πολιτικ. 300D: ― ἐπιρρηματικαὶ χρήσεις: τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἀληθῶς, τῷ ὄντι, Θουκ. 4. 120, κτλ.· οὕτω, ταῖς ἀληθείαισιν, Φιλήμ. Ἄδηλ. 40α· πρβλ. Βαβρ. 75, 20· σπανίως (ἄνευ ἄρθρου) ἀληθείᾳ, ὡς Πλάτ. Πρωτ. 343D· ὡσαύτως μετὰ προθέσεων, ἐπ’ ἀληθείας, ἀληθῶς, τῷ ὄντι, Δημ. 323, 26· ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος, ὁ αὐτ. 538. 4· ἀλλ’ ἐπ’ ἀληθείᾳ, χάριν τῆς ἀληθείας, διὰ τὴν ἀλήθ., Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκ. 628, Ἀριστοφ. Πλ. 891· ὡσαύτως, συμφώνως τῇ ἀληθείᾳ καὶ τῇ φύσει τοῦ πράγμ., Θεόκρ. 7, 44· μετ’ ἀληθείας, Ξεν. Ἀπομ. 2. 1, 27, Δημ. 19. 1· κατὰ τὴν ἀλ., Ἰσοκρ. 242Α, κτλ.· κατ’ ἀλήθειαν, Ἀριστ. Πολ. 3. 6, 6, κτλ.· ξὺν ἀληθείᾳ, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 1567· πρὸς ἀλήθειαν, Διόδ. 5. 67, κτλ. 3) παρὰ Πολυβ., ἀληθὴς πόλεμος, κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς τὴν πολεμικὴν ἄσκησιν ἢ παράταξιν, 5. 63, 13, κτλ. 4) ἡ ἀληθὴς ἔκβασις ἢ ἐπαλήθευσις ἐνυπνίου ἢ οἰωνοῦ, Ἡρόδ. 3. 64, Δάμων παρὰ τῷ Σχολ. Ἀριστοφ. Πλ. 1003· πρβλ. ἀληθὴς Ι. 3. ΙΙ. ὁ χαρακτὴρ τοῦ ἀληθοῦς, ἀλήθεια ἢ φιλαλήθεια, εἰλικρίνεια, Ἡρόδ. 1. 55· ἀλαθείᾳ φρενῶν, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 1550· πρβλ. Ἀριστ. Ἠθ. Ν. 2. 7, 12., 4, 7 ΙΙΙ. τὸ σύμβολον τῆς ἀληθείας, κόσμημά τι ἐκ σαπφείρου, ὃ ἔφερεν ὁ Αἰγύπτιος ἀρχιερεύς, Διόδ. 1. 48 καὶ 75, Αἰλ. ΙΙ. Ἱ. 14. 34: οὕτω καὶ περὶ τῶν θουμίμ., Ἑβδ.

French (Bailly abrégé)

ας (ἡ) :
1 vérité;
2 habitude de dire la vérité, sincérité, franchise;
3 réalité (p. opp. à faux-semblant, apparence);
4 symbole de vérité, ornement en saphir que portait le grand-prêtre égyptien.
Étymologie: ἀληθής.

English (Abbott-Smith)

ἀλήθεια, -ας, ἡ (< ἀληθής), [in LXX chiefly for אֱמֶת (on which, v. Cremer, 627f.), אֱמוּנָה;]
truth (v. DB, iv, 818f.).
1.Objectively, "the reality lying at the basis of an appearance; the manifested, veritable essence of a matter" (Cremer, 86): Ro 9:1, al.; of religious truth, Ro 1:25, al.; esp. of Christian doctrine, Ga 2:5, al.; ἀ. θεοῦ, Ro 15:8.
2.Subjectively, truthfulness, truth, not merely verbal (cl.), but sincerity and integrity of character: Jo 8:44, III Jo 3.
3.In phrases (MM, VGT, s.v.): ἐπ’ ἀληθείας, Mk 12:14, al.; ἀ. λέγειν (εἰπεῖν, λαλεῖν), Ro 9:1, II Co 12:6, Eph 4:25, al.; ἀ. ποιεῖν, Jo 3·21, I Jo 1:6 (cf. DB, iv, 818b, ff.).

English (Strong)

from ἀληθής; truth: true, X truly, truth, verity.

English (Thayer)

(ας, ἡ (ἀληθής) (from Homer down), verity, truth. I. objectively;
1. universally, what is true in any matter under consideration (opposed to what is feigned, fictitious, false): ἀλήθειαν λέγειν, έ᾿ρειν, εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τήν ἀλήθειαν, everything as it really was, μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀλήθεια to testify according to the true state of the case, λαλεῖν ἀλήθειαν, to speak always according to truth, ἀληθείας ῤήματα ἀποφθέγγομαι, as opposed to the vagaries of madness, ἀλήθεια ἐγένετο, was shown to be true by the event, ἐν ἀλήθεια, in truth, truly, as the case Isaiah , according to fact: ἐπ' ἀληθείας a. truly, in truth, according to truth: Sept.; Philo, vit. Moys. i., § 1).
b. of a truth, in reality, in fact, certainly: Clement of Rome, 1 Corinthians 23,5 [ET] and 47,3 [ET]); (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 51,2f.; Buttmann, 336 (289)); κατ' ἀλήθειαν in accordance with fact, i. e. (according to the context) justly, without partiality: εἴτε προφάσει, εἴτε ἀλήθεια, ἐν ἔργῳ καί ἀλήθεια, Rec. omits ἐν; so WH marginal reading).
2. In reference to religion, the word denotes what is true in things appertaining to God and the duties of Prayer of Manasseh , (`moral and religions truth'); and that a. with the greatest latitude, in the sceptical question τί ἐστιν ἀλήθεια, ἡ ἀλήθεια Θεοῦ the truth of which God is the author, ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Ev. Nicod., c. 5,2; accordingly, it is not, as many interpret the phrase, the true nature of God (yet see Meyer at the passage)); truth, the embodiment of which the Jews sought in the Mosaic law, Prayer of Manasseh ," opposed alike to the superstitions of the Gentiles and the inventions of the Jews, and to the corrupt opinions and precepts of false teachers even among Christians: ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου the truth which is the gospel or which the gospel presents, Winer's Grammar, § 34,3a.); and absolutely ἡ ἀλήθεια and ἀλήθεια: Rec.); ἐν πίστει καί ἀλήθεια in faith and truth, of which I became a partaker through faith); ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας, λόγος ἀληθείας, ὁδός τῆς ἀληθείας, πίστις ἀληθείας, Winer's Grammar, 186 (175)); ὑπακοὴ τῆς ἀληθείας, ἐπίγνωσις τῆς ἀληθείας, πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας the Spirit (of God) which is truth (ἐγώ εἰμί ἡ ἀλήθεια, I am he in whom the truth is summed up and impersonated, ἡ ἀλήθεια σου (Rec.) (i. e. Θεοῦ) the truth which is in thee and proceeds from thee, ἐστιν ἀλήθεια Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐμοί, i. e., controls, actuates, me, εἶναι ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας to be eager to know the truth, ἐκ, II:7, and εἰμί, V:3d.); to proceed from the truth, μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀληθ., to give testimony in favor of the truth in order to establish its authority among men, ἀλήθειαν ποιεῖν to exemplify truth in the life, to express the form of truth in one's habits of thought and modes of living, ὁδόν ἀληθείας αἰρετίζεσθαι, περιπατεῖν ἐν τῇ ἀλήθεια. ἀπειθεῖν τῇ ἀλήθεια is just the opposite, πλανηθῆναι ἀπό τῆς ἀληθείας, II. (subjectively) "truth as a personal excellence; that candor of mind which is free from affectation, pretence, simulation, falsehood, deceit": sincerity of mind and integrity of character, or a mode of life in harmony with divine truth: ἀδικία); σου ἀλήθεια the truth as it is discerned in thee, thy habit of thinking and acting in congruity with truth, ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Θεοῦ which belongs to God, i. e., his holiness (but cf. περισσεύω, 1b. at the end), veracity (of God in keeping his promises), ἐν ἀλήθεια sincerely and truthfully, 1 Thessalonians , Philemon , Jude)). Cf. Holemann, Bibelstudien (Lpz. 1859) 1te Abth., p. 8ff; (Wendt in Studien und Kritiken, 1883, p. 511ff.)