robur

Latin > English

robur roboris N N :: oak (tree/timber/trunk/club/post/cell); tough core; resolve/purpose; B:tetnus
robur robur roboris N N :: military strength/might/power; heart, main strength, strongest element
robur robur roboris N N :: strength/firmness/solidity; vigor, robustness; potency, force, effectiveness
robur robur roboris N N :: mainstay/bulwark, source of strength; stronghold, position of strength

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

rōbur: (rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. ῥώννυμι for ῥώθνυμι,> to strengthen, ῥώμη,
I a very hard kind of oak (cf.: quercus, ilex), Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,
I Lit.
   1    In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood: morsus roboris, i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat); so of the same, id. G. 2, 305; cf.: solido de robore myrtus, id. ib. 2, 64: annoso validam robore quercum, i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so, annoso robore quercus, Ov. M. 8, 743: antiquo robore quercus, with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332: Massyla, i. e. citri, Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also, Maurorum, id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—
   2    Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.: fixa est pariter cum robore cervix, i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92: agitata robora pulsant (delphines), id. ib. 1, 303.—
   3    Oak-wood, oak: naves totae factae ex robore, Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.: (sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus, Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat, Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.: o saxis nimirum et robore nati! Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
II Transf.
   A Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.
   1    In gen.: Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt, i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy: sacrum, Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance: ferro praefixum, id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.: aratri, i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—
   2    In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum): Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret, Liv. 38, 59 fin.: robur et saxum minitari, Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1: verbera, carnifices, robur, Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—
   B Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).
   1    Lit.: duri robora ferri, Lucr. 2, 449; so, ferri, Verg. A. 7, 609: saxi, Lucr. 1, 882: navium, Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.: qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret, Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149: paululum jam roboris accessit aetati, id. Cael. 30, 73: solidaeque suo stant robore vires, Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21: si quod est robur, Flor. 2, 1, 1.—
   2    Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.): alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis, Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16: in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore, id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so, animi (with magnitudo), id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95: robur incredibile animi, id. Mil. 37, 101: quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum, id. Fam. 6, 1, 3: multo plus firmamenti ac roboris, id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12: hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt? id. Planc. 8, 21: pectus robore fultum, Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11: te mea robora fallunt, id. H. 16, 367: velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti, Liv. 24, 26, 11: verba quanti roboris plena, Sen. Ep 10, 3: qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint, Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.: robur oratorium adicere sententiis, id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. § 3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat, Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.: O saxis nimirum et robore nati, Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
   b Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—
   c Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.): versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore, Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.: quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit, Caes. B. C. 3, 87: quod roboris ea provincia habuerat, Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.: senatūs robur, Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.: tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani, Cic. Clu. 56, 163: haec sunt nostra robora, id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.: robora pubis, Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510: ingentia robora virorum, Plin. Pan. 34, 3: conferta robora virorum, Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold: quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset, Tac. H. 2, 19.—Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat: quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat, Col. 2, 6, 1.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

rōbŭr⁸ (rōbŏr Lucr. 2, 1131 ), ōris, n.,
1 rouvre [sorte de chêne très dur] : Plin. 16, 19 ; 16, 28, etc. || [poét.] l’olivier : Virg. En. 12, 783
2 bois de chêne chêne : Cæs. G. 3, 13, 3 ; Cic. Ac. 2, 101 ; Div. 2, 85 ; Hor. O. 1, 3, 9 || objets en chêne : [banc] in robore accumbere Cic. Mur. 74, s’asseoir sur le chêne, à même le chêne [pour manger] ; [lance] Virg. En. 10, 479 ; [bois de la charrue] Virg. G. 1, 162 || cachot d’une prison : Liv. 38, 59, 10 ; Tac. Ann. 4, 29 ; cf. P. Fest. 264, 12 || instrument de torture : Lucr. 3, 1017
3 [fig.] a) dureté, solidité, force de résistance : [du fer Lucr. 2, 449 ; Virg. En. 7, 610 ; [de la pierre] Lucr. 1, 882 ; des navires] Liv. 37, 30, 2 ; [d’une personne] Cic. Amer. 149 ; Cæl. 73 ; b) force, résistance, vigueur [au moral] : Cic. Off. 1, 14 ; de Or. 2, 343 ; Mil. 101 ; Mur. 58 ; Liv. 24, 26, 11 ; quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt ? Cic. Planc. 21, quelle force n’apportèrent-ils pas à sa candidature ! oratorium robur Quint. 10, 5, 4, la vigueur oratoire ; c) [la partie la plus solide d’une chose] cœur, noyau, élite : versari in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore Cic. Or. 34, vivre au milieu d’une élite aussi brillante que solide, formée des meilleurs citoyens ; robur legionum Liv. 28, 22, 13, l’élite constituée par les légions ; quod fuit roboris Cæs. C. 3, 87, ce qu’il y avait de plus solide [dans l’armée], l’élite, [cf. quod roboris in exercitu erat Liv. 30, 20, 5 ] ; C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Mæcenas, illa robora populi Romani Cic. Clu. 163, C. Flavius Pusio, etc., cette élite du peuple romain ; hæc sunt nostra robora Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3, voilà le noyau de mes troupes ; robora virorum Liv. 21, 54, 3, l’élite des guerriers || coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legere Tac. H. 2, 19, choisir comme point d’appui solide et comme base pour la guerre une colonie forte et riche ; d) robus Col. Rust. 2, 6, 1, sorte de blé d’élite [lourd et brillant]. forme arch. robus Cato Agr. 17, 1 ; Col. Rust. 2, 6, 1 || robor est attesté par les gramm.: Char. 30, 5 ; 43, 31, etc.; Ps. Prisc. Accent. 24.

Latin > German (Georges)

rōbur (altlat. rōbus), oris, n. (aus *rōbos, vgl. rōbustus), das Starke, I) eig., das Starkholz, Hartholz, Kernholz, bes. das Eichenholz, die Eiche, a) im allg.: robur querceum vel subereum, Colum.: quercus antiquo robore, Verg.: annoso robore, Verg. u. Ov.: fixa est pariter cum robore cervix, mit der Eiche, Ov.: naves totae factae ex robore, Caes.: u. so sapiens non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus, Cic. – poet. v. and. Hartholz, morsus roboris, des Oleasters, Verg.: robora Maurorum, Citrusbäume, Stat. – b) κατ᾽ εξ. – die sehr harte Steineiche, Plin. 16, 19 (neben ilex, quercus etc.) u.a. – II) meton.: A) von den aus Eichen- od. anderem hartem Holze bereiteten Ggstdn.: a) übh.: in robore accumbunt, auf eichenen, harten Bänken, Cic.: r. aratri, eichener Pflug, Verg.: r. sacrum, das hölzerne Pferd von Troja, Verg.: robur praefixum ferro, Speer, Lanze, Verg.: u. so r. letale, Sil.: robur impingere, Mauerbrecher, Lucan.: substernere robora (eichene Balken), Min. Fel. – b) insbes., der von Servius Tullius im röm. Staatsgefängnisse (carcer) angelegte schauerliche unterirdische Kerker, in dem schwere Staatsverbrecher gefangen gehalten u. auch hingerichtet wurden, nach dem Erbauer auch Tullianum gen., Liv. 38, 59, 10. Tac. ann. 4, 29. Hor. carm. 2, 13, 19: archaist. robus, Paul. ex Fest. 264, 12. – B) die Härte, Stärke, Festigkeit, Kraft eines Ggstds., 1) als Eigenschaft: a) v. phys. Härte usw., r. ferri, Verg.: saxi, Lucr.: navium, Liv. – omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gewinnt Kraft, Lucr. – v. Körperkraft, die Manneskraft, Rüstigkeit, robur et colos imperatoris, Liv.: rob. iuventae, Liv.: qui (Messala) si iam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret, Cic.: cum paululum iam roboris accessisset aetati, Cic. – b) v. polit. Macht, neque his ipsis tantum umquam virium aut roboris fuit, Liv. 21, 1, 2. – c) v. geistiger u. moralischer Kraft, Stärke, alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis, Cic.: r. incredibile animi, Cic.: grave magnanimi robur Rutili, Ov.: quantum in cuiusque animo roboris est ac nervorum, Cic.: quid roboris attulerunt, Cic. – sententiis adicere oratorium robur, rednerischen Nachdruck geben, Quint.: m. Gen. Gerund., robur dicendi, Quint. – 2) konkr., der stärkste, kräftigste Teil eines Ggstds., Kraft, Kern, Stamm, a) übh.: versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore, Cic.: Celtiberi, id est robur Hispaniae, Flor.: poet., r. betae, Stengel, Colum. poët. – Plur., C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani, Cic.: ingentia robora virorum, Plin. pan. – b) v. Soldaten, der Kern, die Kerntruppen, der alte Stamm, et robur et suboles militum periit, As. Poll. in Cic. ep.: quod fuit roboris duobus proeliis interiit, Caes. – Plur., haec sunt nostra robora, Cic.: robora peditum, centurionum, Liv. – c) v. einer Örtl., der Stützpunkt, quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem (Herd) bello legisset, zu fester Basis des Kr., Tac. hist. 2, 19. – d) (archaist. robus) eine vorzügl. schwere Art Weizen, Kraftweizen, Colum. 2, 6, 1. – C) der Starrkrampf, als Krankheit der Pferde, Pelagon. veterin. 23 (294 Ihm); vgl. Veget. mul. 5, 23. § 3 u. 17. – / Archaist. Form robus, Cato r. r. 17, 1. Colum. 2, 6, 1. – Bei den Gramm. (Charis. 30, 5; 43, 31; 86, 5; 119, 2. Prisc. de accent. 24. p. 524, 2 K. Phocas 416, 10 K.) u. in sehr guten Hdschrn., doch nicht in den Ausgaben, auch robor, s. Lachm. Lucr. 2, 1131. p. 140. Neue Wagener-Formenl. 1, 270.

Latin > Chinese

robur, oris. n. :: 橡樹。棍。推下犯人之處。壯健。力。大胆。— ferri 鐵之硬。— accusationis 吿狀之機。罪由。

Translations

strength

Arabic: قُوَّة‎; Egyptian Arabic: قوة‎; Hijazi Arabic: قُوَّة‎; Armenian: ուժ; Azerbaijani: güc, quvvə, qüvvət; Bashkir: көс; Basque: indar; Belarusian: сі́ла, моц; Bengali: বল, জোর; Bulgarian: сила, мощ; Catalan: força; Chinese Cantonese: 力量; Mandarin: 力氣／力气; Czech: síla, moc; Dutch: kracht, sterkte; Dzongkha: སྟོབས; Esperanto: forteco; Estonian: tugevus, jõud; Ewe: ŋusẽ; Faroese: styrki; Finnish: voimakkuus, voima, vahvuus; French: force, vigueur, effectif; Galician: forza; Georgian: სიძლიერე, ძალა, სიმტკიცე; German: Stärke, Kraft, Festigkeit, Mumm; Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹; Greek: δύναμη; Ancient Greek: ἁδροσύνη, ἁδροτής, ἁδρότης, ἀλκή, ἀλκί, βία, βίη, βριαρότης, βρίμη, δρᾶσις, δύναμις, δύνασις, ἐρυμνότης, εὐσθένεια, εὐσωματία, ἐχυρότης, ἰναία, ἴς, ἰσχυρότης, ἰσχύς, κάρτος, κῖκυς, κραταιότης, κραταίωμα, κραταίωσις, κράτος, κρατυσμός, κρέτος, μένος, ῥώμη, ῥῶσις, σθένος, σφρίγος, τὸ ἰσχυρόν; Haitian Creole: fòs; Haryanvi: हंघा; Hebrew: חוזק‎; Hindi: शक्ति, ताक़त, बल; Hungarian: erő; Ido: forteso; Ingrian: voima, voimakkuus; Interlingua: fortia; Irish: urrúntacht; Italian: forza, vigore, energia; Japanese: 力; Kazakh: күш, дәрмен; Khakas: кӱс; Khmer: កម្លាំង; Korean: 힘; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ھێز‎; Kyrgyz: күч; Latgalian: vare, spāks; Latin: firmitudo, firmitas, robur, fortitudo; Latvian: spēks, stiprums, spēcīgums; Lithuanian: jėga; Macedonian: сила, моќ; Malagasy: hery; Malay: kekuatan; Malayalam: ശക്തി; Manchu: ᡥᡡᠰᡠᠨ; Maori: whirikoka; Mirandese: fuorça; Miyako: たや; Mòcheno: kròft; Mongolian: хүч; Navajo: adziil; Nepali: बल, तागत; Old French: esfort; Old Javanese: bala; Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰲‎; Orok: кусу; Oromo: jabina; Ossetian: тых; Ottoman Turkish: گوج‎; Persian: زور‎, قوت‎; Polish: siła, moc; Portuguese: força, vigor; Quechua: kallpa; Romanian: putere, forță; Russian: сила, мощь; Sanskrit: शक्ति, बल; Scottish Gaelic: lùths, neart, brìgh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: снага, моћ, сила, јачина; Roman: snaga, moć, sila, jačina; Shan: ပလႃႉ; Shor: кӱш; Sichuan Yi: ꊋ; Slovak: sila, moc; Slovene: moč, sila; Somali: quwad, xoog; Southern Altai: кӱч; Spanish: fuerza, ñeque; Swahili: nguvu; Swedish: styrka; Tagalog: lakas; Tajik: қувват, зӯр; Tamil: பலம், கிற்பு, ஷக்தி; Tatar: көч; Telugu: బలము; Thai: แรง, กำลัง, ความแข็งแรง; Tibetan: སྟོབས; Tocharian B: maiyyo, warkṣäl; Turkish: kuvvet, güç; Turkmen: güýç; Tuvan: күш; Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎇; Ukrainian: сила, міць; Urdu: شکتی‎, زور‎; Uyghur: كۈچ‎; Uzbek: kuch, quvvat; Vietnamese: sức mạnh; Vilamovian: kroft; Walloon: foice; West Frisian: animo; Xhosa: amandla; Yakut: күүс; Yiddish: שטאַרקײַט‎, כּוח‎; Zulu: amandla

oak

Abkhaz: аџь; Adyghe: чъыгай; Alemannic German: aaich; Albanian: dushk; Arabic: بَلُّوط‎, سِنْدِيَان‎; Moroccan Arabic: بلوط‎; Armenian: կաղնի; Asturian: carbayu, roble; Avar: микк; Azerbaijani: palıd; Bashkir: имән; Basque: haritz; Belarusian: дуб; Breton: dero, dervenn sg; Bulgarian: дъб; Burmese: ဝက်သစ်ချ; Catalan: roure; Chechen: наж; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏯᎯ, ᏧᏍᎦ; Cheyenne: oó'omêše; Chinese Mandarin: 橡樹, 橡树; Chukchi: кытоттоот, кытоттыт; Chuvash: юман; Cimbrian: àicha; Classical Nahuatl: āhuatl, āhuacuahuitl; Cree: ᒥᐢᑎᑯᒥᓈᐦᑎᐠ; Crimean Tatar: emen, meşe; Czech: dub; Dalmatian: bos; Danish: eg, egetræ; Dutch: eik, eikenboom; East Central German: Aach; Erzya: тумо; Esperanto: kverko; Estonian: tamm, tammepuu; Faroese: eikitræ, eik; Finnish: tammi; Franco-Provençal: châno; French: chêne; Old French: chesne; Galician: carballo; Georgian: მუხა, წყანი; German: Eiche; Old High German: eih; Greek: δρυς, βελανιδιά; Ancient Greek: δρῦς, φαγός, φηγός, φίλαξ; Greenlandic: orpik manngertoq; Hebrew: אלון‎; Hindi: बलूत; Hungarian: tölgy, tölgyfa; Icelandic: eik, eikitré, eiki; Ido: querko; Indonesian: ek; Irish: dair; Old Irish: dair; Italian: quercia, farnia; Japanese: 楢, 柞, 枹, オーク, 柏, 槲, 檞; Karachay-Balkar: эмен; Kazakh: емен; Korean: 참나무속; Kurdish Central Kurdish: بەڕوو‎; Latgalian: ūzuls; Latin: quercus, robur; Latvian: ozols; Laz: ჭყონი; Lithuanian: ąžuolas; Livonian: täm; Low German: Eek; Luxembourgish: Eech; Macedonian: даб; Malay: oak; Maltese: ballut; Manchu: ᠠᠪᡩᠠᡵᡳ; Manx: darragh, ree ny keylley; Maori: ōki; Mari Eastern Mari: тумо; Western Mari: тумна; Middle French: chesne; Mingrelian: ჭყონი, ჭყონი; Moksha: тума; Mongolian: царс; Nahuatl: teōcuahuitl, ahuatl, ahuacuahuitl; Nivkh: кʼмый; Norman: tchêne; North Frisian: iik; Norwegian Bokmål: eik, eiketre; Nynorsk: eik, eiketre; Occitan: garric, casse, roire; Ojibwe: mitigomizh; Old Church Slavonic: дѫбъ; Old English: āc; Old High German: eih; Old Norse: eik, eikitré; Oroqen: tɪbgʊra; Ossetian Digor: толдзӕ; Iron: тулдз; Persian: بلوط‎; Punjabi: ਬਲੂਤ; Plautdietsch: Ieekj; Polabian: dǫb; Polish: dąb; Portuguese: carvalho; Romanian: stejar; Russian: дуб; Samogitian: ōžouls; Scottish Gaelic: darach, darag, rìgh-na-coille; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: храст; Roman: hrast; Slovak: dub; Slovene: hrast; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: dub; Southern Ohlone: rappak; Spanish: roble, encina, carrasca; Svan: ჯიჰრა; Swahili: mwaloni Swedish: ek, ekträd; Tagalog: roble; Tajik: булут; Taos: kwę́łoną; Tatar: имән; Thai: โอ๊ก; Turkish: meşe; Udmurt: тыпы; Ukrainian: дуб; Uzbek: eman; Vietnamese: sồi; Vilamovian: aach; Volapük: kvärabim, kvärep, gölog; Welsh: derwen; West Frisian: iik; Westrobothnian: eik; Yiddish: אייכנבוים‎, דעמב‎; Yámana: xanis