τοίνυν: Difference between revisions

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ὁ μὴ πεπλευκὼς οὐδὲν ἑόρακεν κακόν → anyone who hasn't sailed has never seen trouble

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|Transliteration C=toinyn
|Transliteration C=toinyn
|Beta Code=toi/nun
|Beta Code=toi/nun
|Definition=([[τοι]], [[νυν]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[therefore]], [[accordingly]], an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν Pi.''O.''6.27, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τ</b>… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.57; <b class="b3">ἂν τ</b>… D.4.7; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than [[οὖν]]), Pl.''Chrm.''159d; <b class="b3">φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ.</b>, Arist.''Pol.''1260a2, ''PA''641a15; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''399b, Isoc.4.103, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, to introduce an answer, [[well]] or [[well then]], ἄπειμι τ. S.''El.''1050, cf. Th.5.89, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, Pl.''Men.''76a, ''IG''42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, Ar.''Nu.''961, etc.; in expression of approval, especially in phrase καλῶς τ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''433a, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. Ar.''V.''856; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. Id.''Nu.''1236, cf. S.''OT''1067.<br><span class="bld">3</span> continuing an argument, [[well then]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 178d, X.''An.''3.1.36, 7.7.28, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 562b, ''Plt.''275d, D.47.64, etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> adding or passing to a fresh item or point, [[further]], [[moreover]], [[again]], Pl.''Ap.''33c, D.8.73, 20.18; ἔτι τ. Hp.''VM''19, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 109a, ''Cri.''52c, D.20.8; καὶ τ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.25; καί τ. καί Pl.''Sph.''234a; <b class="b3">μὴ τ. μηδέ</b>.. [[nay]], not even... X.''An.''7.6.19; οὐ τ. οὐδέ [[nor again]], Hp.''Art.''57, D.20.7.<br><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes at the beginning of a speech, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ μὲν τ.</b>... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, [[now]] I... X.''An.''5.1.2, cf. ''Cyr.''6.2.14.<br><span class="bld">5</span> with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. ''1'',2,3, <b class="b3">εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε</b>.. Id.''An.''3.1.36, cf. ''Cyr.''2.4.8, ''Ev.Luc.''20.25, etc.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Position: in early writers [[τοίνυν]] is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as [[LXX]] ''Is.''3.10, ''Mim. Oxy.''413.225, ''Ev.Luc.'' [[l.c.]], ''Ep.Hebr.''13.13, Gal.2.526, S.E. ''M.''8.429, ''AP''11.127 (Poll.), ''IG''4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (<[[τῷ]]> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sometimes later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα Alex.143.1, cf. Ar.''Pl.''863, etc. [ῠ regularly, as A.''Pr.''760, S.''Tr.''71: but sometimes ῡ, as [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1259, Alex. l. c.; in anap., Ar.''Nu.''429,435, ''Av.''481.]
|Definition=([[τοι]], [[νυν]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[therefore]], [[accordingly]], an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν Pi.''O.''6.27, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τ</b>… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.57; <b class="b3">ἂν τ</b>… D.4.7; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than [[οὖν]]), Pl.''Chrm.''159d; <b class="b3">φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ.</b>, Arist.''Pol.''1260a2, ''PA''641a15; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''399b, Isoc.4.103, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, to introduce an answer, [[well]] or [[well then]], ἄπειμι τ. S.''El.''1050, cf. Th.5.89, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, Pl.''Men.''76a, ''IG''42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, Ar.''Nu.''961, etc.; in expression of approval, especially in phrase καλῶς τ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''433a, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. Ar.''V.''856; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. Id.''Nu.''1236, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1067.<br><span class="bld">3</span> continuing an argument, [[well then]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 178d, X.''An.''3.1.36, 7.7.28, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 562b, ''Plt.''275d, D.47.64, etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> adding or passing to a fresh item or point, [[further]], [[moreover]], [[again]], Pl.''Ap.''33c, D.8.73, 20.18; ἔτι τ. Hp.''VM''19, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 109a, ''Cri.''52c, D.20.8; καὶ τ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.25; καί τ. καί Pl.''Sph.''234a; <b class="b3">μὴ τ. μηδέ</b>.. [[nay]], not even... X.''An.''7.6.19; οὐ τ. οὐδέ [[nor again]], Hp.''Art.''57, D.20.7.<br><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes at the beginning of a speech, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ μὲν τ.</b>... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, [[now]] I... X.''An.''5.1.2, cf. ''Cyr.''6.2.14.<br><span class="bld">5</span> with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. ''1'',2,3, <b class="b3">εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε</b>.. Id.''An.''3.1.36, cf. ''Cyr.''2.4.8, ''Ev.Luc.''20.25, etc.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Position: in early writers [[τοίνυν]] is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as [[LXX]] ''Is.''3.10, ''Mim. Oxy.''413.225, ''Ev.Luc.'' [[l.c.]], ''Ep.Hebr.''13.13, Gal.2.526, S.E. ''M.''8.429, ''AP''11.127 (Poll.), ''IG''4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (<[[τῷ]]> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sometimes later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα Alex.143.1, cf. Ar.''Pl.''863, etc. [ῠ regularly, as A.''Pr.''760, S.''Tr.''71: but sometimes ῡ, as [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1259, Alex. l. c.; in anap., Ar.''Nu.''429,435, ''Av.''481.]
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Revision as of 11:20, 18 September 2023

Click links below for lookup in third sources:
Full diacritics: τοίνυν Medium diacritics: τοίνυν Low diacritics: τοίνυν Capitals: ΤΟΙΝΥΝ
Transliteration A: toínyn Transliteration B: toinyn Transliteration C: toinyn Beta Code: toi/nun

English (LSJ)

(τοι, νυν)
A therefore, accordingly, an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν Pi.O.6.27, etc.; εἰ τHdt.1.57; ἂν τ… D.4.7; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than οὖν), Pl.Chrm.159d; φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ., Arist.Pol.1260a2, PA641a15; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, Pl.Cra.399b, Isoc.4.103, etc.
2 in dialogue, to introduce an answer, well or well then, ἄπειμι τ. S.El.1050, cf. Th.5.89, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, Pl.Men.76a, IG42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, Ar.Nu.961, etc.; in expression of approval, especially in phrase καλῶς τ. Pl.Cra.433a, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. Ar.V.856; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. Id.Nu.1236, cf. S.OT1067.
3 continuing an argument, well then, Pl.Smp. 178d, X.An.3.1.36, 7.7.28, etc.
b resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, Pl.R. 562b, Plt.275d, D.47.64, etc.
c adding or passing to a fresh item or point, further, moreover, again, Pl.Ap.33c, D.8.73, 20.18; ἔτι τ. Hp.VM19, Pl.Phd. 109a, Cri.52c, D.20.8; καὶ τ. X.Cyr.2.2.25; καί τ. καί Pl.Sph.234a; μὴ τ. μηδέ.. nay, not even... X.An.7.6.19; οὐ τ. οὐδέ nor again, Hp.Art.57, D.20.7.
4 sometimes at the beginning of a speech, ἐγὼ μὲν τ.... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, now I... X.An.5.1.2, cf. Cyr.6.2.14.
5 with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. 1,2,3, εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε.. Id.An.3.1.36, cf. Cyr.2.4.8, Ev.Luc.20.25, etc.
B Position: in early writers τοίνυν is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as LXX Is.3.10, Mim. Oxy.413.225, Ev.Luc. l.c., Ep.Hebr.13.13, Gal.2.526, S.E. M.8.429, AP11.127 (Poll.), IG4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (<τῷ> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sometimes later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα Alex.143.1, cf. Ar.Pl.863, etc. [ῠ regularly, as A.Pr.760, S.Tr.71: but sometimes ῡ, as Ar.Eq.1259, Alex. l. c.; in anap., Ar.Nu.429,435, Av.481.]

German (Pape)

[Seite 1124] bes. in Prosa sehr häufige Verstärkung der enklit. Partikel τοι, darum, deshalb, demnach also; oft dient es bei den Att. die Rede wieder aufzunehmen und fortzusetzen, Aesch. Ch. 898 Spt. 978 u. sonst; Soph. El. 1039 O. C. 405; ἔλεγες τοίνυν δὴ ὅτι, Plat. Gorg. 459 a; Phaed. 72 a Conv. 173 e u. öfter; auch mit leichter Ironie, Soph. O. R. 1067; Ar. oft; Xen. u. Folgde; zu Anfang des Satzes steht es sehr selten, s. Lob. Phryn. 342; Jae. A. P. p. 681; ἔτι τοίνυν, porro, Dem. 1, 25.

French (Bailly abrégé)

particule affirmative, chez les Att., touj. après un mot;
1 certes en effet, certes;
2 donc, ainsi donc ; qqf avec une légère ironie eh bien donc.
Étymologie: τοί¹, νῦν.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

τοίνῠν: (реже ῡ) частица
1 итак, стало-быть, в самом деле, поэтому: ἔλεγες τ. … Plat. итак, ты сказал …;
2 но, однако, все же: τὰ λῷστά σοι λέγω. - Τὰ λῷστα τ. ταῦτα μ᾽ ἀλγύνει Soph. я советую тебе самое лучшее. - И все же это лучшее мучает меня.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

τοίνῠν: (νυν) ὅθεν, λοπόν, δι’ ὅ, μόριον συμπερασματικὸν ἐν χρήσει εἰς ἔκφρασιν τῆς ἰσχυρᾶς τοῦ λέγοντος πεποιθήσεως, σχεδὸν ὡς τὸ τοιγάρ, πλὴν ὅτι παρὰ τοῖς δοκίμοις συγγραφεῦσιν οὐδέποτε τίθεται ἐν ἀρχῇ προτάσεως, (ἴδε κατωτ. ΙΙ), πρῶτον παρ’ Ἡροδ., Πινδ. καὶ τοῖς Τραγ.· εἰ τοίνυν... Ἡρόδ. 1. 57· ― ἐνίοτε εἶναι ὀλίγῳ πλέον ἢ ἐπιτεταμένον τοι, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 1067, Ξεν. Κύρ. 2. 2, 24, κλπ.· ἐν τῇ τοῦ Ξεν. Ἀναβ. 7. 6, 19, μὴ τοίνυν μηδ’ ὅσα..., μηδὲ τόσα ἀληθῶς ὅσα... 2) παρ’ Ἀττικ. κεῖται πολλάκις εἰς ἀνάληψιν ἢ ἐξακολούθησιν λόγου, περαιτέρω, περιπλέον, προσέτι, ἔλεγες τοίνυν δὴ ὅτι... Πλάτ. Γοργ. 459Α, πρβλ. Ξεν. Ἀν. 3. 1, 36. κλπ.· ― ἐνίοτε μετ’ ἐλαφρᾶς εἰρωνείας, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 1067. 3) ἐνίοτε τίθεται ἐν ἀρχῇ λόγου ἢ ἀγορεύσεως, ἐγὼ μὲν τοίνυν..., ὅτε ἀναφέρεται εἰς πρᾶγμα παρὸν ἐν τῷ νῷ τοῦ ἀγορεύοντος καὶ τοῦ ἀκροατοῦ, ἐγὼ μὲν τοίνυν, ἔφη, ὦ ἄνδρες, ἀπείρηκα Ξεν. Ἀν. 5. 1, 2, πρβλ. Θουκ. 5. 87, 89· οὕτω μετὰ τῆς προστ., «λοιπόν...», Ξεν. Κύρ. 2. 4, 8, κλπ. ΙΙ. παρὰ μεταγεν. συγγραφεῦσιν, οἷον παρὰ Γαληνῷ, Σέξτ. Ἐμπ. καὶ ἑτέροις, οὓς μνημονεύει ο Λοβέκ. εἰς Φρύν. 342, κεῖται ἐνίοτε ὡς ἡ πρώτη λέξις περιόδου· ἐν Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 904 συνέβη τοῦτο μόνον ἕνεκα τῆς πλημμελοῦς στίξεως. [ῠ συνήθως, οἷον Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 760, Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 71· ἀλλ’ ἐνίοτε ῡ, ὡς ἐν Ἀριστοφ. Ἱππ. 1259, Νεφ. 429, 435].

English (Slater)

τοίνυν therefore χρὴ τοίνυν πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν αὐταῖς (O. 6.27) ἑκόντι τοίνυν πρέπει νόῳ τὸν εὐεργέταν ὑπαντιάσαι (P. 5.43)

English (Strong)

from τοί and νῦν; truly now, i.e. accordingly: then, therefore.

English (Thayer)

(from the enclitic τοι and νῦν), from Pindar (and Herodotus) down, therefore, then, accordingly; contrary to the use of the more elegant Greek writing, found at the beginning of the sentence (cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 342 f; (Winer's Grammar, 559 (519f); Buttmann, § 150,19)): T Tr WH put it first here also); in 4 Maccabees 1:13,15ff).

Greek Monolingual

Α
(συμπερ. μόριο) ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑ ΣΥΝΤΑΞΗ
χρησιμοποιείται: 1. για να εκφράσει την ισχυρή πεποίθηση αυτού που μιλάει για τα λεγόμενά του: λοιπόν, επομένως, γι' αυτό («χρὴ τοίνυν πύλας ὕμνων αναπιτνάμεν», Πίνδ.)
2. για να εισαγάγει λογικό συμπέρασμα («οὐ τοίνυν κατά γε τὸ σῶμα ἡ ἡσυχότης», Πλάτ.)
3. για να εκφράσει: α) επιδοκιμασίακαλῶς τοίνυν», Αριστοφ.)
β) αποδοκιμασία («ἀπόλοιο τοίνυν ἕνεκ' ἀναιδείας ἔτι», Αριστοφ.)
4. για τη μετάβαση του λόγου σε κάτι νέο
5. για να προσθέσει κάτι: επί πλέον, εκτός από αυτό («ἔτι τοίνυν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ δίκῃ ἐξῆν σοι φυγῆς τιμήσασθαι», Πλάτ.)
6. σε διάλογο για να εισαγάγει απόκρισηἄπειμι τοίνυν οὔτε γὰρ σὺ τἀμ' ἔπη τολμᾷς ἐπαινεῖν», Σοφ.)
7. για τη συνέχιση ενός συλλογισμού
8. για την επάνοδο σε διήγηση που έχει διακοπεί («ναί. Ἡ πλούτου τοίνυν ἀπληστία...», Πλάτ.)
9. στην αρχή του λόγου, όταν γίνεται αναφορά σε κάτι που έχουν υπ' όψιν τους και ο ομιλητής και ο ακροατής.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < τοί (Ι) + νῦν / νυν (πρβλ. τοιγάρ)].

Greek Monotonic

τοίνῠν: (νυν),
1. λοιπόν, συνεπώς, σε Ηρόδ., Τραγ.
2. χρησιμοποιείται στη ανακεφαλαίωση ή στη ροή του λόγου, περαιτέρω, επιπλέον, σε Σοφ., Ξεν.

Middle Liddell


1. therefore, accordingly, Hdt., Trag.
2. to resume or continue a speech, moreover, Soph., Xen.

Chinese

原文音譯:to⋯nun 胎-寧
詞類次數:質詞(4)
原文字根:即使-現在
字義溯源:就是現在,於是,這樣,所以,照著,繼之;由(τοί)*=其實)與(νῦν)*=現在)組成
出現次數:總共(3);路(1);林前(1);來(1)
譯字彙編
1) 這樣(2) 路20:25; 來13:13;
2) 所以(1) 林前9:26

English (Woodhouse)

accordingly, therefore

⇢ Look up on Google | Wiktionary | LSJ full text search (Translation based on the reversal of Woodhouse's English to Ancient Greek dictionary)