supero: Difference between revisions
Οὐκ ἔστιν ἀγαθὸν ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ ὃ φάγεται καὶ ὃ πίεται καὶ ὃ δείξει τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτοῦ ἀγαθὸν ἐν μόχθῳ αὐτοῦ (Ecclesiastes 2:24, LXX version) → What is good in a human is not what he eats and drinks and shows off to his soul as a benefit of his labor
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|lshtext=<b>sŭpĕro</b>: āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and<br /><b>I</b> a. [id.].<br /><b>I</b> Neutr., to go [[over]], to [[rise]] [[above]], [[overtop]], [[surmount]].<br /> <b>A</b> Lit. ([[very]] [[rare]]; syn. [[transcendo]]): maximo saltu superabit [[gravidus]] armatis [[equus]], surmounted, leaped the [[wall]], Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.): sol superabat ex mari, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41: ripis superat mihi [[atque]] abundat [[pectus]] [[laetitia]] [[meum]], id. ib. 2, 1, 6: jugo [[superans]], [[passing]] [[over]] the [[summit]], Verg. A. 11, 514: superat [[agger]] ad auras, Stat. Th. 4, 458: (angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis, Verg. A. 2, 219. —<br /> <b>B</b> Trop. (freq. and [[class]].).<br /> <b>1</b> To [[have]] the [[upper]] [[hand]] or [[superiority]], to be [[superior]], to [[overcome]], [[surpass]] (syn. [[vinco]]): [[denique]] nostra superat [[manus]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80: quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites [[facile]] superabant, Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40: [[numero]] militum, Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.: [[numero]] [[hostis]], virtute Romanus superat, id. 9, 32, 7: [[tantum]] superantibus malis, id. 3, 16, 4: sorte, id. 38, 36, 10: [[victor]], [[superans]] animis, Verg. A. 5, 473: hostes equitatu superare, Nep. Ages. 3, 6: [[unde]] [[salo]] superant venti, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29: superat [[sententia]] [[Sabini]], Caes. B. G. 5, 31: si superaverit [[morbus]], Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[exceed]], be in [[excess]], be [[superfluous]]; to be [[abundant]], to [[abound]] (syn. [[supersum]]): in quo et deesse [[aliquam]] partem et superare mendosum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83: [[pecunia]] superabat? at egebas, id. Or. 67, 224: [[uter]] [[igitur]] est divitior? cui deest an cui superat? id. Par. 6, 3, 49: [[quis]] tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem [[etiam]] ad necessaria deesse? Sall. C. 20, 11: cui [[quamquam]] [[virtus]], [[gloria]] ... superabant, id. J. 64, 1: quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant, had been [[too]] [[much]] for, id. ib. 70, 2: de eo [[quod]] ipsis superat, Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42: Quinto delegabo, si [[quid]] aeri meo [[alieno]] superabit et emptionibus, id. Att. 13, 46, 3: superabat [[umor]] in arvis, Lucr. 5, 804: superante multitudine, Liv. 3, 5: cum [[otium]] superat, id. 3, 17: num [[tibi]] superat [[superbia]]? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86: gentis superant [[tibi]] laudes, Tib. 4, 1, 28: dum superat gregibus juventas, Verg. G. 3, 63: si superant [[fetus]], id. ib. 1, 189: [[quam]] [[facile]] [[tunc]] [[sit]] omnia impedire et [[quam]] hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. [[how]] [[exceedingly]] [[easy]] it would [[have]] been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.—<br /> <b>3</b> To be [[left]] [[over]], to [[remain]], [[survive]] (syn. [[supersum]]): quae superaverint animalia [[capta]], immolant, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: [[quod]] superaret pecuniae, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae [[arma]] superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49: [[nihil]] ex raptis commeatibus superabat, Liv. 22, 40, 8: pepulerunt jam paucos superantes, id. 22, 49, 5: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, [[quid]] superat? Hor. A. P. 328: [[sex]] superant [[versus]], Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57: [[pars]] quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa, Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20: superet [[modo]] [[Mantua]] nobis, Verg. E. 9, 27: [[uter]] eorum vitā superarit, [[whichever]] survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19: quae superaverint animalia, id. ib. 6, 17: [[quid]] [[puer]] [[Ascanius]]? superatne et vescitur aurā? Verg. A. 3, 339: captae superavimus urbi, id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7: [[quid]] [[igitur]] superat, [[quod]] purgemus? id. 45, 24, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Act., to go or [[pass]] [[over]], [[rise]] [[above]]; to [[mount]], [[ascend]]; to [[surmount]], [[overtop]].<br /> <b>A</b> Lit.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: in altisono Caeli [[clipeo]] [[temo]] superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas): [[tempestas]] [[summas]] ripas fluminis superavit, Caes. B. C. 1, 48: ventosum [[aequor]], Ov. Ib. 591: fluvium, Luc. 4, 150: [[mare]], Sen. Oet. 128: pedibus salsas lacunas, Lucr. 3, 1031: munitiones, Liv. 5, 8, 10: quas ([[Alpes]]) nullā dum viā superatas, id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1; 23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato, id. 35, 13, 4: montes, Verg. G. 3, 270: [[Alpes]] cursu, Luc. 1, 183: immensa montium juga, Plin. [[Pan]]. 81, 1: Caucasum, Curt. 7, 3, 22: hoc jugum, Verg. A. 6, 676: fossas, id. ib. 9, 314: summi fastigia tecti Ascensu, id. ib. 2, 303; cf.: caprae [[gravido]] superant vix ubere [[limen]], id. G. 3, 317: [[retia]] saltu ([[vulpes]]), Ov. M. 7, 767: [[tantum]] itineris, to [[traverse]], [[pass]] [[over]], Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go [[past]] or [[beyond]], Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: insidias [[circa]] ipsum [[iter]] locatas, Liv. 2, 50, 6: collocatur in eo [[turris]] tabulatorum quae superaret fontis [[fastigium]], [[but]] so as to [[overtop]], [[command]], Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: superat ([[Parnassus]]) cacumine [[nubes]], Ov. M. 1, 317.—<br /> <b>2</b> In partic.<br /> <b>a</b> Naut. t. t., to [[sail]] by or [[past]] a [[place]], a [[promontory]], etc.; to [[double]] or [[weather]] a [[point]], etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.: Euboeam, Nep. Them. 3, 3: cursu Isthmon, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5: intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi, Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).—<br /> <b>b</b> To [[rise]] [[above]], [[exceed]] in [[height]]: ut [[alibi]] umbilico [[tenus]] [[aqua]] esset, [[alibi]] genua vix superaret, Liv. 36, 45, 9; cf.: [[posterior]] partes superat [[mensura]] priores, i. e. exceeds in [[size]], Ov. M. 15, 378.—<br /> <b>B</b> Trop., to [[surpass]], [[excel]], [[exceed]], [[outdo]], [[outstrip]] in [[any]] [[quality]], in [[value]], etc.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: non potest [[quaestus]] consistere, si eum [[sumptus]] superat, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 74: ne [[sumptus]] fructum superet, Varr. R. R. 1, 53: qui omnes homines [[supero]] [[atque]] [[antideo]] cruciabilitatibus animi, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3: virtute, laude, dignitate, Cic. Planc. 2, 6 sq.: aut ingenio aut fortunā aut dignitate superari, id. Lael. 3, 11: omnes homines constantiā et [[gravitate]], id. Fam. 1, 9, 16: doctrinā [[Graecia]] nos et omni litterarum genere superabat, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3: auctoritatis pondere et utilitatis ubertate, id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. § 4: aliquem nobilitate, Ov. P. 3, 2, 56: Phoebum superare canendo, Verg. E. 5, 9: omnes scelere, Liv. 29, 8: aliquem dignitate vitae, Nep. Alcib. 11, 2: aliquem ingenio, id. [[Dion]], 4, 1: duritiā [[ferrum]], Ov. H. 2, 137: vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51: omnes in ceteris artibus, Nep. Epam. 2, 2: summam spem civium incredibili virtute, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: non dubitabam, [[quin]] hanc epistulam multi nuntii, [[fama]] [[denique]] esset ipsa tua celeritate superatura, [[will]] [[outstrip]], id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1.—<br /> <b>2</b> In partic., in milit. lang., to [[overcome]], [[subdue]], [[conquer]], [[vanquish]] (syn. [[debello]]): victis hostibus, quos [[nemo]] posse superari ratu'st, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24: armatos ac victores, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: maximas nationes, id. ib. 3, 28; 2, 24: quos integros superavissent, id. B. C. 2, 5: [[bello]] superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo, id. B. G. 1, 45: si Helvetios superaverint Romani, id. ib. 1, 17: Massilienses bis [[proelio]] navali superati, id. B. C. 2, 22: [[clam]] ferro incautum superat, Verg. A. 1, 350: [[bello]] superatus, Ov. M. 12, 364: Asiam [[bello]], Nep. Ages. 4, 3: tota [[insula]] in unā urbe superata est, Flor. 2, 6.—<br /> <b>b</b> Transf., in gen.: quem (C. [[Curium]]) [[nemo]] ferro potuit superare nec [[auro]], Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.): in quo (genere officii) [[etiam]] si multi [[mecum]] contendent, omnes [[facile]] superabo, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: si erum videt superare amorem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7: hanc (orationem) assidua ac [[diligens]] [[scriptura]] superabit, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit [[atque]] superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23: injurias fortunae [[facile]] veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat, id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: pareatur necessitati, [[quam]] ne dii [[quidem]] superant, [[which]] [[even]] the gods are not [[above]], not [[superior]] to, Liv. 9, 4, 16: [[casus]] omnes, Verg. A. 11, 244: superanda [[omnis]] [[fortuna]] ferendo est, id. ib. 5, 710: labores, id. ib. 3, 368: difficultates omnes, Vell. 2, 120, 4: cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer, Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a. *<br /> <b>A</b> Rising [[high]], [[prominent]], [[high]], [[lofty]]: [[mons]] superantissimus, Sol. 2 med.—*<br /> <b>B</b> Prevailing, [[predominant]]: superantior [[ignis]], Lucr. 5, 394. | |lshtext=<b>sŭpĕro</b>: āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and<br /><b>I</b> a. [id.].<br /><b>I</b> Neutr., to go [[over]], to [[rise]] [[above]], [[overtop]], [[surmount]].<br /> <b>A</b> Lit. ([[very]] [[rare]]; syn. [[transcendo]]): maximo saltu superabit [[gravidus]] armatis [[equus]], surmounted, leaped the [[wall]], Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.): sol superabat ex mari, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41: ripis superat mihi [[atque]] abundat [[pectus]] [[laetitia]] [[meum]], id. ib. 2, 1, 6: jugo [[superans]], [[passing]] [[over]] the [[summit]], Verg. A. 11, 514: superat [[agger]] ad auras, Stat. Th. 4, 458: (angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis, Verg. A. 2, 219. —<br /> <b>B</b> Trop. (freq. and [[class]].).<br /> <b>1</b> To [[have]] the [[upper]] [[hand]] or [[superiority]], to be [[superior]], to [[overcome]], [[surpass]] (syn. [[vinco]]): [[denique]] nostra superat [[manus]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80: quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites [[facile]] superabant, Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40: [[numero]] militum, Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.: [[numero]] [[hostis]], virtute Romanus superat, id. 9, 32, 7: [[tantum]] superantibus malis, id. 3, 16, 4: sorte, id. 38, 36, 10: [[victor]], [[superans]] animis, Verg. A. 5, 473: hostes equitatu superare, Nep. Ages. 3, 6: [[unde]] [[salo]] superant venti, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29: superat [[sententia]] [[Sabini]], Caes. B. G. 5, 31: si superaverit [[morbus]], Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[exceed]], be in [[excess]], be [[superfluous]]; to be [[abundant]], to [[abound]] (syn. [[supersum]]): in quo et deesse [[aliquam]] partem et superare mendosum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83: [[pecunia]] superabat? at egebas, id. Or. 67, 224: [[uter]] [[igitur]] est divitior? cui deest an cui superat? id. Par. 6, 3, 49: [[quis]] tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem [[etiam]] ad necessaria deesse? Sall. C. 20, 11: cui [[quamquam]] [[virtus]], [[gloria]] ... superabant, id. J. 64, 1: quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant, had been [[too]] [[much]] for, id. ib. 70, 2: de eo [[quod]] ipsis superat, Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42: Quinto delegabo, si [[quid]] aeri meo [[alieno]] superabit et emptionibus, id. Att. 13, 46, 3: superabat [[umor]] in arvis, Lucr. 5, 804: superante multitudine, Liv. 3, 5: cum [[otium]] superat, id. 3, 17: num [[tibi]] superat [[superbia]]? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86: gentis superant [[tibi]] laudes, Tib. 4, 1, 28: dum superat gregibus juventas, Verg. G. 3, 63: si superant [[fetus]], id. ib. 1, 189: [[quam]] [[facile]] [[tunc]] [[sit]] omnia impedire et [[quam]] hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. [[how]] [[exceedingly]] [[easy]] it would [[have]] been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.—<br /> <b>3</b> To be [[left]] [[over]], to [[remain]], [[survive]] (syn. [[supersum]]): quae superaverint animalia [[capta]], immolant, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: [[quod]] superaret pecuniae, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae [[arma]] superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49: [[nihil]] ex raptis commeatibus superabat, Liv. 22, 40, 8: pepulerunt jam paucos superantes, id. 22, 49, 5: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, [[quid]] superat? Hor. A. P. 328: [[sex]] superant [[versus]], Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57: [[pars]] quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa, Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20: superet [[modo]] [[Mantua]] nobis, Verg. E. 9, 27: [[uter]] eorum vitā superarit, [[whichever]] survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19: quae superaverint animalia, id. ib. 6, 17: [[quid]] [[puer]] [[Ascanius]]? superatne et vescitur aurā? Verg. A. 3, 339: captae superavimus urbi, id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7: [[quid]] [[igitur]] superat, [[quod]] purgemus? id. 45, 24, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Act., to go or [[pass]] [[over]], [[rise]] [[above]]; to [[mount]], [[ascend]]; to [[surmount]], [[overtop]].<br /> <b>A</b> Lit.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: in altisono Caeli [[clipeo]] [[temo]] superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas): [[tempestas]] [[summas]] ripas fluminis superavit, Caes. B. C. 1, 48: ventosum [[aequor]], Ov. Ib. 591: fluvium, Luc. 4, 150: [[mare]], Sen. Oet. 128: pedibus salsas lacunas, Lucr. 3, 1031: munitiones, Liv. 5, 8, 10: quas ([[Alpes]]) nullā dum viā superatas, id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1; 23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato, id. 35, 13, 4: montes, Verg. G. 3, 270: [[Alpes]] cursu, Luc. 1, 183: immensa montium juga, Plin. [[Pan]]. 81, 1: Caucasum, Curt. 7, 3, 22: hoc jugum, Verg. A. 6, 676: fossas, id. ib. 9, 314: summi fastigia tecti Ascensu, id. ib. 2, 303; cf.: caprae [[gravido]] superant vix ubere [[limen]], id. G. 3, 317: [[retia]] saltu ([[vulpes]]), Ov. M. 7, 767: [[tantum]] itineris, to [[traverse]], [[pass]] [[over]], Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go [[past]] or [[beyond]], Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: insidias [[circa]] ipsum [[iter]] locatas, Liv. 2, 50, 6: collocatur in eo [[turris]] tabulatorum quae superaret fontis [[fastigium]], [[but]] so as to [[overtop]], [[command]], Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: superat ([[Parnassus]]) cacumine [[nubes]], Ov. M. 1, 317.—<br /> <b>2</b> In partic.<br /> <b>a</b> Naut. t. t., to [[sail]] by or [[past]] a [[place]], a [[promontory]], etc.; to [[double]] or [[weather]] a [[point]], etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.: Euboeam, Nep. Them. 3, 3: cursu Isthmon, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5: intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi, Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).—<br /> <b>b</b> To [[rise]] [[above]], [[exceed]] in [[height]]: ut [[alibi]] umbilico [[tenus]] [[aqua]] esset, [[alibi]] genua vix superaret, Liv. 36, 45, 9; cf.: [[posterior]] partes superat [[mensura]] priores, i. e. exceeds in [[size]], Ov. M. 15, 378.—<br /> <b>B</b> Trop., to [[surpass]], [[excel]], [[exceed]], [[outdo]], [[outstrip]] in [[any]] [[quality]], in [[value]], etc.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: non potest [[quaestus]] consistere, si eum [[sumptus]] superat, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 74: ne [[sumptus]] fructum superet, Varr. R. R. 1, 53: qui omnes homines [[supero]] [[atque]] [[antideo]] cruciabilitatibus animi, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3: virtute, laude, dignitate, Cic. Planc. 2, 6 sq.: aut ingenio aut fortunā aut dignitate superari, id. Lael. 3, 11: omnes homines constantiā et [[gravitate]], id. Fam. 1, 9, 16: doctrinā [[Graecia]] nos et omni litterarum genere superabat, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3: auctoritatis pondere et utilitatis ubertate, id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. § 4: aliquem nobilitate, Ov. P. 3, 2, 56: Phoebum superare canendo, Verg. E. 5, 9: omnes scelere, Liv. 29, 8: aliquem dignitate vitae, Nep. Alcib. 11, 2: aliquem ingenio, id. [[Dion]], 4, 1: duritiā [[ferrum]], Ov. H. 2, 137: vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51: omnes in ceteris artibus, Nep. Epam. 2, 2: summam spem civium incredibili virtute, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: non dubitabam, [[quin]] hanc epistulam multi nuntii, [[fama]] [[denique]] esset ipsa tua celeritate superatura, [[will]] [[outstrip]], id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1.—<br /> <b>2</b> In partic., in milit. lang., to [[overcome]], [[subdue]], [[conquer]], [[vanquish]] (syn. [[debello]]): victis hostibus, quos [[nemo]] posse superari ratu'st, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24: armatos ac victores, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: maximas nationes, id. ib. 3, 28; 2, 24: quos integros superavissent, id. B. C. 2, 5: [[bello]] superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo, id. B. G. 1, 45: si Helvetios superaverint Romani, id. ib. 1, 17: Massilienses bis [[proelio]] navali superati, id. B. C. 2, 22: [[clam]] ferro incautum superat, Verg. A. 1, 350: [[bello]] superatus, Ov. M. 12, 364: Asiam [[bello]], Nep. Ages. 4, 3: tota [[insula]] in unā urbe superata est, Flor. 2, 6.—<br /> <b>b</b> Transf., in gen.: quem (C. [[Curium]]) [[nemo]] ferro potuit superare nec [[auro]], Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.): in quo (genere officii) [[etiam]] si multi [[mecum]] contendent, omnes [[facile]] superabo, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: si erum videt superare amorem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7: hanc (orationem) assidua ac [[diligens]] [[scriptura]] superabit, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit [[atque]] superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23: injurias fortunae [[facile]] veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat, id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: pareatur necessitati, [[quam]] ne dii [[quidem]] superant, [[which]] [[even]] the gods are not [[above]], not [[superior]] to, Liv. 9, 4, 16: [[casus]] omnes, Verg. A. 11, 244: superanda [[omnis]] [[fortuna]] ferendo est, id. ib. 5, 710: labores, id. ib. 3, 368: difficultates omnes, Vell. 2, 120, 4: cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer, Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a. *<br /> <b>A</b> Rising [[high]], [[prominent]], [[high]], [[lofty]]: [[mons]] superantissimus, Sol. 2 med.—*<br /> <b>B</b> Prevailing, [[predominant]]: superantior [[ignis]], Lucr. 5, 394. | ||
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|gf=<b>sŭpĕrō</b>,⁷ āvī, ātum, āre ([[super]]),<br /> <b>I</b> intr.,<br /><b>1</b> s’élever au-dessus : capite Virg. En. 2, 219, dépasser de la tête<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] <b> a)</b> être supérieur, avoir le dessus, l’emporter : virtute [[nostri]] milites superabant Cæs. G. 3, 14, [[nos]] soldats l’emportaient par la vaillance, cf. Cæs. G. 1, 40, 6 ; 1, 40, 7 ; Nep. Ages. 3, 6 ; Liv. 9, 32, 7 ; 29, 30, 8 ; superat [[sententia]] [[Sabini]] Cæs. G. 5, 31, 3, l’[[avis]] de [[Sabinus]] prévaut ; <b> b)</b> être en abondance, à profusion, surabonder ; [[pecunia]] superabat Cic. Or. 224, l’argent abondait ; [[uter]] [[est]] [[divitior]] ? [[cui]] [[deest]] an [[cui]] superat ? Cic. Par. 49, lequel des deux [[est]] le [[plus]] riche ? celui qui n’a pas assez ou celui qui a de reste ; alicui divitiæ superant Sall. C. 20, 11, qqn regorge de richesses, cf. Sall. J. 64, 1 ; de eo [[quod]] ipsis superat aliis gratificari volunt Cic. Fin. 5, 42, ils veulent sur ce qu’ils ont de trop faire des cadeaux aux autres ; <b> c)</b> être de reste, rester : si [[quod]] superaret pecuniæ rettulisses Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 195, si tu avais rapporté l’excédent de l’argent ; quæ Jugurthæ superaverant Sall. J. 70, 2, ce qui pour [[Jugurtha]] était de reste [restait à faire] ; si de quincunce remota [[est]] [[uncia]], [[quid]] superat ? Hor. P. 328, si de cinq onces il [[est]] retiré une once, que reste-t-il ? [[nihil]] ex raptis commeatibus superabat Liv. 22, 40, 8, il ne restait [[rien]] des approvisionnements pillés ; [[aliquot]] horis [[die]] superante Liv. 29, 7, 7, le jour étant en excès d’un certain nombre d’heures, plusieurs heures avant la fin du jour || [[uter]] eorum [[vita]] superavit Cæs. G. 6, 19, 2, celui des deux qui survit ; [poét.] captæ superavimus urbi Virg. En. 2, 643, nous avons survécu à la prise de la ville.<br /> <b>II</b> tr.,<br /><b>1</b> aller au-delà, dépasser, franchir : [[summas]] ripas fluminis Cæs. C. 1, 48, 2, dépasser les rives les [[plus]] élevées du fleuve, cf. Cæs. C. 1, 69, 3 ; Cic. Tusc. 1, 43 ; Tauro monte superato Liv. 35, 13, 4, ayant franchi le mont [[Taurus]] ; [[turris]], quæ superare fontis [[fastigium]] posset Hirt. G. 8, 41, 5, une tour qui pût dominer le faîte de la fontaine<br /><b>2</b> doubler un cap : Liv. 26, 26, 1 ; 30, 25, 6 ; Tac. Ann. 15, 46, etc.<br /><b>3</b> [fig.] <b> a)</b> surpasser, dominer, l’emporter sur : aliquem virtute Cic. Planc. 6, surpasser qqn en vertu, cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 3 ; Fam. 1, 9, 16 ; Nep. Alc. 11, 2, etc.; summam spem civium incredibili virtute Cic. Læl. 11, surpasser par son mérite extraordinaire les [[plus]] hautes espérances conçues par ses concitoyens ; celeritate Cic. Q. 1, 1, 1, dépasser en vitesse ; omnes in ceteris artibus Nep. Epam. 2, 2, surpasser tout le monde dans les autres sciences ; falsa [[vita]] moresque mei superant Sall. J. 85, 27, le [[faux]], ma vie et mon caractère le réfutent victorieusement [sont au-dessus de la calomnie] ; <b> b)</b> vaincre, triompher de, battre : maximas nationes Cæs. G. 3, 28, battre les [[plus]] puissantes nations, cf. Cæs. G. 1, 40, 6, etc. ; [[bello]] superati Cæs. G. 1, 45, vaincus à la guerre ; [[terra]] marique superati Cic. Cat. 2, 29, vaincus sur terre et sur mer, cf. Cic. Pomp. 55 ; varietates injuriasque fortunæ veterum philosophorum præceptis instituta [[vita]] superabat Cic. Fin. 4, 17, une vie formée par les préceptes des anciens philosophes surmontait les vicissitudes et les injustices de la fortune. | |||
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Revision as of 07:06, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
sŭpĕro: āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and
I a. [id.].
I Neutr., to go over, to rise above, overtop, surmount.
A Lit. (very rare; syn. transcendo): maximo saltu superabit gravidus armatis equus, surmounted, leaped the wall, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.): sol superabat ex mari, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41: ripis superat mihi atque abundat pectus laetitia meum, id. ib. 2, 1, 6: jugo superans, passing over the summit, Verg. A. 11, 514: superat agger ad auras, Stat. Th. 4, 458: (angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis, Verg. A. 2, 219. —
B Trop. (freq. and class.).
1 To have the upper hand or superiority, to be superior, to overcome, surpass (syn. vinco): denique nostra superat manus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80: quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40: numero militum, Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.: numero hostis, virtute Romanus superat, id. 9, 32, 7: tantum superantibus malis, id. 3, 16, 4: sorte, id. 38, 36, 10: victor, superans animis, Verg. A. 5, 473: hostes equitatu superare, Nep. Ages. 3, 6: unde salo superant venti, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29: superat sententia Sabini, Caes. B. G. 5, 31: si superaverit morbus, Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.—
2 To exceed, be in excess, be superfluous; to be abundant, to abound (syn. supersum): in quo et deesse aliquam partem et superare mendosum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83: pecunia superabat? at egebas, id. Or. 67, 224: uter igitur est divitior? cui deest an cui superat? id. Par. 6, 3, 49: quis tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem etiam ad necessaria deesse? Sall. C. 20, 11: cui quamquam virtus, gloria ... superabant, id. J. 64, 1: quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant, had been too much for, id. ib. 70, 2: de eo quod ipsis superat, Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42: Quinto delegabo, si quid aeri meo alieno superabit et emptionibus, id. Att. 13, 46, 3: superabat umor in arvis, Lucr. 5, 804: superante multitudine, Liv. 3, 5: cum otium superat, id. 3, 17: num tibi superat superbia? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86: gentis superant tibi laudes, Tib. 4, 1, 28: dum superat gregibus juventas, Verg. G. 3, 63: si superant fetus, id. ib. 1, 189: quam facile tunc sit omnia impedire et quam hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. how exceedingly easy it would have been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.—
3 To be left over, to remain, survive (syn. supersum): quae superaverint animalia capta, immolant, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: quod superaret pecuniae, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae arma superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49: nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat, Liv. 22, 40, 8: pepulerunt jam paucos superantes, id. 22, 49, 5: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat? Hor. A. P. 328: sex superant versus, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57: pars quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa, Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20: superet modo Mantua nobis, Verg. E. 9, 27: uter eorum vitā superarit, whichever survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19: quae superaverint animalia, id. ib. 6, 17: quid puer Ascanius? superatne et vescitur aurā? Verg. A. 3, 339: captae superavimus urbi, id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7: quid igitur superat, quod purgemus? id. 45, 24, 1.—
II Act., to go or pass over, rise above; to mount, ascend; to surmount, overtop.
A Lit.
1 In gen.: in altisono Caeli clipeo temo superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas): tempestas summas ripas fluminis superavit, Caes. B. C. 1, 48: ventosum aequor, Ov. Ib. 591: fluvium, Luc. 4, 150: mare, Sen. Oet. 128: pedibus salsas lacunas, Lucr. 3, 1031: munitiones, Liv. 5, 8, 10: quas (Alpes) nullā dum viā superatas, id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1; 23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato, id. 35, 13, 4: montes, Verg. G. 3, 270: Alpes cursu, Luc. 1, 183: immensa montium juga, Plin. Pan. 81, 1: Caucasum, Curt. 7, 3, 22: hoc jugum, Verg. A. 6, 676: fossas, id. ib. 9, 314: summi fastigia tecti Ascensu, id. ib. 2, 303; cf.: caprae gravido superant vix ubere limen, id. G. 3, 317: retia saltu (vulpes), Ov. M. 7, 767: tantum itineris, to traverse, pass over, Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go past or beyond, Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: insidias circa ipsum iter locatas, Liv. 2, 50, 6: collocatur in eo turris tabulatorum quae superaret fontis fastigium, but so as to overtop, command, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: superat (Parnassus) cacumine nubes, Ov. M. 1, 317.—
2 In partic.
a Naut. t. t., to sail by or past a place, a promontory, etc.; to double or weather a point, etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.: Euboeam, Nep. Them. 3, 3: cursu Isthmon, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5: intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi, Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).—
b To rise above, exceed in height: ut alibi umbilico tenus aqua esset, alibi genua vix superaret, Liv. 36, 45, 9; cf.: posterior partes superat mensura priores, i. e. exceeds in size, Ov. M. 15, 378.—
B Trop., to surpass, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip in any quality, in value, etc.
1 In gen.: non potest quaestus consistere, si eum sumptus superat, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 74: ne sumptus fructum superet, Varr. R. R. 1, 53: qui omnes homines supero atque antideo cruciabilitatibus animi, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3: virtute, laude, dignitate, Cic. Planc. 2, 6 sq.: aut ingenio aut fortunā aut dignitate superari, id. Lael. 3, 11: omnes homines constantiā et gravitate, id. Fam. 1, 9, 16: doctrinā Graecia nos et omni litterarum genere superabat, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3: auctoritatis pondere et utilitatis ubertate, id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. § 4: aliquem nobilitate, Ov. P. 3, 2, 56: Phoebum superare canendo, Verg. E. 5, 9: omnes scelere, Liv. 29, 8: aliquem dignitate vitae, Nep. Alcib. 11, 2: aliquem ingenio, id. Dion, 4, 1: duritiā ferrum, Ov. H. 2, 137: vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51: omnes in ceteris artibus, Nep. Epam. 2, 2: summam spem civium incredibili virtute, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: non dubitabam, quin hanc epistulam multi nuntii, fama denique esset ipsa tua celeritate superatura, will outstrip, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1.—
2 In partic., in milit. lang., to overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish (syn. debello): victis hostibus, quos nemo posse superari ratu'st, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24: armatos ac victores, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: maximas nationes, id. ib. 3, 28; 2, 24: quos integros superavissent, id. B. C. 2, 5: bello superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo, id. B. G. 1, 45: si Helvetios superaverint Romani, id. ib. 1, 17: Massilienses bis proelio navali superati, id. B. C. 2, 22: clam ferro incautum superat, Verg. A. 1, 350: bello superatus, Ov. M. 12, 364: Asiam bello, Nep. Ages. 4, 3: tota insula in unā urbe superata est, Flor. 2, 6.—
b Transf., in gen.: quem (C. Curium) nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.): in quo (genere officii) etiam si multi mecum contendent, omnes facile superabo, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: si erum videt superare amorem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7: hanc (orationem) assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23: injurias fortunae facile veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat, id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: pareatur necessitati, quam ne dii quidem superant, which even the gods are not above, not superior to, Liv. 9, 4, 16: casus omnes, Verg. A. 11, 244: superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est, id. ib. 5, 710: labores, id. ib. 3, 368: difficultates omnes, Vell. 2, 120, 4: cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer, Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a. *
A Rising high, prominent, high, lofty: mons superantissimus, Sol. 2 med.—*
B Prevailing, predominant: superantior ignis, Lucr. 5, 394.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
sŭpĕrō,⁷ āvī, ātum, āre (super),
I intr.,
1 s’élever au-dessus : capite Virg. En. 2, 219, dépasser de la tête
2 [fig.] a) être supérieur, avoir le dessus, l’emporter : virtute nostri milites superabant Cæs. G. 3, 14, nos soldats l’emportaient par la vaillance, cf. Cæs. G. 1, 40, 6 ; 1, 40, 7 ; Nep. Ages. 3, 6 ; Liv. 9, 32, 7 ; 29, 30, 8 ; superat sententia Sabini Cæs. G. 5, 31, 3, l’avis de Sabinus prévaut ; b) être en abondance, à profusion, surabonder ; pecunia superabat Cic. Or. 224, l’argent abondait ; uter est divitior ? cui deest an cui superat ? Cic. Par. 49, lequel des deux est le plus riche ? celui qui n’a pas assez ou celui qui a de reste ; alicui divitiæ superant Sall. C. 20, 11, qqn regorge de richesses, cf. Sall. J. 64, 1 ; de eo quod ipsis superat aliis gratificari volunt Cic. Fin. 5, 42, ils veulent sur ce qu’ils ont de trop faire des cadeaux aux autres ; c) être de reste, rester : si quod superaret pecuniæ rettulisses Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 195, si tu avais rapporté l’excédent de l’argent ; quæ Jugurthæ superaverant Sall. J. 70, 2, ce qui pour Jugurtha était de reste [restait à faire] ; si de quincunce remota est uncia, quid superat ? Hor. P. 328, si de cinq onces il est retiré une once, que reste-t-il ? nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat Liv. 22, 40, 8, il ne restait rien des approvisionnements pillés ; aliquot horis die superante Liv. 29, 7, 7, le jour étant en excès d’un certain nombre d’heures, plusieurs heures avant la fin du jour || uter eorum vita superavit Cæs. G. 6, 19, 2, celui des deux qui survit ; [poét.] captæ superavimus urbi Virg. En. 2, 643, nous avons survécu à la prise de la ville.
II tr.,
1 aller au-delà, dépasser, franchir : summas ripas fluminis Cæs. C. 1, 48, 2, dépasser les rives les plus élevées du fleuve, cf. Cæs. C. 1, 69, 3 ; Cic. Tusc. 1, 43 ; Tauro monte superato Liv. 35, 13, 4, ayant franchi le mont Taurus ; turris, quæ superare fontis fastigium posset Hirt. G. 8, 41, 5, une tour qui pût dominer le faîte de la fontaine
2 doubler un cap : Liv. 26, 26, 1 ; 30, 25, 6 ; Tac. Ann. 15, 46, etc.
3 [fig.] a) surpasser, dominer, l’emporter sur : aliquem virtute Cic. Planc. 6, surpasser qqn en vertu, cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 3 ; Fam. 1, 9, 16 ; Nep. Alc. 11, 2, etc.; summam spem civium incredibili virtute Cic. Læl. 11, surpasser par son mérite extraordinaire les plus hautes espérances conçues par ses concitoyens ; celeritate Cic. Q. 1, 1, 1, dépasser en vitesse ; omnes in ceteris artibus Nep. Epam. 2, 2, surpasser tout le monde dans les autres sciences ; falsa vita moresque mei superant Sall. J. 85, 27, le faux, ma vie et mon caractère le réfutent victorieusement [sont au-dessus de la calomnie] ; b) vaincre, triompher de, battre : maximas nationes Cæs. G. 3, 28, battre les plus puissantes nations, cf. Cæs. G. 1, 40, 6, etc. ; bello superati Cæs. G. 1, 45, vaincus à la guerre ; terra marique superati Cic. Cat. 2, 29, vaincus sur terre et sur mer, cf. Cic. Pomp. 55 ; varietates injuriasque fortunæ veterum philosophorum præceptis instituta vita superabat Cic. Fin. 4, 17, une vie formée par les préceptes des anciens philosophes surmontait les vicissitudes et les injustices de la fortune.
