tempero

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

tempĕro: āvi, ātum, 1 (old
I pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. tempus.
I Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).
   A Lit.: nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119: qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18: ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit, id. Univ. 7: tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum, id. N. D. 3, 14, 36: aes conflare et temperare, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197: ferrum, id. 34, 14, 41, § 145: herbas, Ov. F. 5, 402: acetum melle, Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114: vinum, id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7: venenum, Suet. Ner. 2 fin.: unguentum, Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18: collyrium, id. 27, 10, 59, § 83: colores, id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.: ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores, id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.: vitis solem umbra temperans, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1: scatebrisque arentia temperat arva, i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so, arva (Galesus), Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—
   2    Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order: rem publicam institutis et legibus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.: constituere et temperare civitates, id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit, id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.: qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis, Hor. C. 1, 12, 16: terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere), id. ib. 3, 4, 45: mare, id. ib. 4, 12, 1: aequor, Verg. A. 1, 146: orbem, Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869: arces aetherias, id. ib. 15, 859: undas, id. ib. 12, 580: ratem, id. ib. 13, 366: solus id navigii genus temperans, Vell. 2, 107: omnia pretio temperata, id. 2, 60: senem delirum, Hor. S. 2, 5, 71: ora frenis, id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.: genius qui natale temperat astrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 187: annum, id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13: caeli fulgura, Cic. Leg. 8, 21: fortunam suo arbitrio, Petr. 137.— Poet.: carmen impositis articulis, i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.: testudinis aureae strepitum, Hor. C. 4, 3, 18: Musam pede Archilochi, id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.: citharam nervis, i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—
   B Trop.
   1    To regulate, rule, etc.: non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.: cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet, id. Phil. 12, 11, 26: quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65: ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi, id. Or. 58, 197; so, joined with miscere, id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.: at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt, id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176: iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare, id. Marcell. 3, 8: amara lento Temperet risu, Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34: (Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras, soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57: sumptus, Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10: Mercurius temperat astra, Stat. Th. 1, 305.—
   2    Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.
II Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one's self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).
   A In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.
   (a)    With in and abl.: jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8: in multa temperarunt tribuni, Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—
   (b)    With dat.: linguae tempera, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so, linguae, Liv. 28, 44, 18: linguae, Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2: manibus, Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24: oculis, Liv. 21, 22, 7: irae, id. 33, 20, 7: victoriae, Sall. C. 11, 8: gulae, Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5: lacrimis, Curt. 7, 2, 7.—
   (g)    With ab and abl.: temperare ab injuriā et maleficio, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: a maleficio, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: a lacrimis, Verg. A. 2, 8: precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere, Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.: cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum? Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—
   (d)    With abl. alone: lacrimis, Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16: a venatibus, Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270: risu, Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—（ε) With inf.: matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent, Plaut. Poen. prol. 33: dormire, id. ib. 22: maledicere huic, id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.): exordiri rem novam, Gell. 4, 9, 5. —（ζ) With ne and subj.: quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60: quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi, Lact. 4, 3, 5.—（η) With quin (post-Aug.): non temperante Tiberio quin premeret, Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54: vix temperabat, quin diceret, Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7: Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc., id. Ep. 114, 19.—
   b With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero): neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 33: vix sibi temperant quin, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2: nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc., Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. § 30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc., id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1: vix temperavere animis, quin, etc., Liv. 5, 45, 7.—
   c Impers. pass.: aegre temperatum est, quin, etc., they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8: nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc., id. 2, 23, 10: jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est, id. 5, 7, 8: ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum, id. 7, 20, 9: a caedibus, id. 25, 25, 9.—
   B In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab: ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere), id. ib. 2, 2, 2, § 4: sociis, id. ib. 2, 1, 59, § 154: alicui in aliquā re, id. ib. 2, 2, 6, § 17: amicis, id. Balb. 27, 60: privignis, Hor. C. 3, 24, 18: ingenio suo, Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.: in quo ab sociis temperaverant, Liv. 6, 17, 8: ab his sacris, id. 39, 10, 9: quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.: a mulso sibi temperare, Cels. 4, 31.—Impers. pass.: templis deum temperatum est, Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.: nec ab ullo temperatum foret, id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,
   A tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.: modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit? Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc., id. Font. 18, 40; so, homo, id. Att. 15, 1, 1.—Sup.: homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus, Cic. Font. 17, 38: principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii, refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr.—With gen.: famae temperans, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41: temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae, Plin. Pan. 52, 5: potestatis temperantior, Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—Sup. seems not to occur.—
   B tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a. *
   1    Duly arranged or prepared: prela, Cato, R. R. 12.—
   2    Limited, moderate, temperate.
   (a)    Lit.: temperatae escae modicaeque potiones, Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115: regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae, Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.—Comp.: loca temperatiora, Caes. B. G. 5, 12: o temperatae dulce Formiae litus, Mart. 10, 30, 1: mitis ac temperatus annus, Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.: temperatissimum anni tempus, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—
   (b)    Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate: est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur, Cic. Fam. 12, 27: justi, temperati, sapientes, id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1: mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā, Hor. C. 2, 3, 3: vim temperatam di provehunt In majus, id. ib. 3, 4, 66: animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse, Liv. 1, 18, 4: hoc multo fortius est ... illud temperatius, Sen. Ep. 18, 3: aequabile et temperatum orationis genus, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3: oratio modica ac temperata, id. Or. 27, 95.—Comp.: temperatior oratio, Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.: temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.
   a Lit.: tepebit, Cato, R. R. 69, 2: arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes, Vitr. 2, 9 med.—
   b Trop.: agere, Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1: temperatius scribere, id. ib. 13, 1, 1: temperatissime et castissime vivere, Aug. Mus. 6, 15.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

tempĕrō,⁸ āvī, ātum, āre (tempus).
    I tr.,
1 disposer convenablement les éléments d’un tout, combiner (allier, mélanger, unir) dans de justes proportions : herbas Ov. F. 5, 402 ; colores Plin. 2, 79, faire une combinaison d’herbes, de couleurs ; acuta cum gravibus Cic. Rep. 6, 18, combiner les sons aigus avec les graves, cf. Cic. Or. 99 ; ea cum tria sumpsisset, in unam speciem temperavit Cic. Tim. 22, ayant pris ces trois choses, il les allia en une seule essence ; (hi pedes) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi Cic. Or. 197, (ces pieds) doivent être mêlés et combinés habilement entre eux, cf. Cic. Or. 103 || faire en combinant : venenum Suet. Nero 2, composer un poison ; vinum Plin. 29, 50, préparer un vin [médicament] ; [d’où, au pass.] ex igni atque anima temperatus Cic. Nat. 3, 36, formé de la combinaison harmonieuse du feu et de l’air, cf. Cic. Off. 3, 119 ; Rep. 1, 69 ; sit permixta et temperata numeris (oratio) Cic. Or. 195, que la prose soit faite d’un mélange et d’une heureuse combinaison de pieds
2 organiser, régler : rem publicam Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, organiser un état politiquement, cf. Cic. Div. 1, 96 ; Ac. 2, 3 ; frigoris et caloris modum Cic. Nat. 2, 19, régler la distribution du froid et du chaud, cf. Cic. Or. 60 || diriger, gouverner : mare ac terras variisque mundum horis Hor. O. 1, 12, 15, gouverner la mer et les terres ainsi que l’univers par la diversité des saisons, cf. Hor. O. 3, 4, 45 ; 4, 12, 1 ; delirum senem Hor. S. 2, 5, 71, diriger à sa guise un vieillard en enfance ; Gallica lupatis ora frenis Hor. O. 1, 8, 6, dresser les chevaux gaulois au moyen de freins à pointes
3 modérer, tempérer, équilibrer, régulariser : aquam ignibus Hor. O. 3, 19, 6, tiédir l’eau (modérer sa fraîcheur par le feu) ; etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores Cic. Nat. 2, 131, le souffle des vents étésiens modère les chaleurs excessives ; ea quæ speras Tulliæ meæ prudentia temperari posse Cic. Fam. 2, 15, 2, les points sur lesquels tu espères que la sagesse de ma chère Tullia peut apporter un tempérament || annonam Suet. Tib. 34, régulariser les cours du marché ; iras Virg. En. 1, 57, modérer les courroux || ferrum Plin. 34, 145, tremper le fer.
    II intr.,
1 garder la mesure, l’équilibre, être modéré : a) in aliqua re Pl. Epid. 111, garder la mesure en qqch. ; in multa Liv. 2, 52, 5, relativement à beaucoup de choses, cf. Sall. J. 85, 9 ; b) ab injuria Cæs. G. 1, 7, 5, se garder de l’injustice, s’abstenir de l’injustice, cf. Her. 2, 29 ; Virg. En. 2, 8 ; Liv. 7, 20, 9 ; 25, 25, 9 ; 39, 10, 9 ; c) temperare avec ne Pl. St. 117, s’abstenir de, [ou avec inf.] Pl. Pœn. 33, etc. ; d) non temperare quin Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, ne pas se retenir de, cf. Tac. Ann. 3, 67 ; Suet. Claud. 41, etc.; Sen. Ep. 114, 19 ; non temperare, quominus Plin. 18, 41, ne pas se retenir de
2 être modéré ; a) alicui, pour qqn, ménager qqn, épargner qqn : alicui in aliqua re Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, ménager qqn en qqch., cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4 ; 1, 154 ; Balbo 60 ; b) ab sociis Liv. 6, 17, 8, épargner les alliés
3 [avec dat.] maîtriser : a) sibi temperare ab aliqua re Her. 4, 25, se maîtriser sous le rapport de qqch., s’abstenir de qqch. [ab aliquo Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4, épargner qqn] ; sibi non temperare, quin Cæs. G. 1, 33, 4, ne pas se retenir de, cf. Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2 ; vix temperavere animis, quin Liv. 5, 45, 7, ils eurent peine à se retenir de ; b) linguæ tempera Pl. Rud. 1254, tiens ta langue, cf. Liv. 28, 44, 18 ; victoriæ temperare Sall. C. 11, 7 ( Cic. *Marc. 8 ), être modéré dans la victoire ; vix lacrimis temperans Liv. 30, 20, 1, maîtrisant ses larmes avec peine ; iræ temperare Liv. 33, 20, 6 ; gulæ Plin. Min. Ep. 2, 6, 5 ; risu [= risui ] Liv. 32, 34, 3, maîtriser sa colère, sa gourmandise, son rire ; manibus Liv. 2, 23, 9, etc. ; Curt. 7, 5, 24, s’abstenir de voies de fait ; oculis Liv. 21, 22, 7, s’abstenir de regarder ; non temperamus imperiis, quominus illi auxilii egeant Liv. 3, 52, 9, nous ne mettons pas à notre exercice du pouvoir un frein suffisant pour qu’eux [le peuple] n’aient pas besoin de secours [le secours des tribuns].