gens

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Πολλοῖς ὁ Δαίμων, οὐ κατ' εὔνοιαν φέρων, / Μεγάλα δίδωσιν εὐτυχήματ' ... (Euripides) → God brings great good fortune to many, not out of good will,...

Source

Latin > English

gens gentis N F :: tribe, clan; nation, people; Gentiles

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

gens: gentis, f. root GEN, gigno, that which belongs together by birth or descent,
I a race or clan, embracing several families united together by a common name and by certain religious rites; orig. only patrician, but, after the granting of the connubium between patricians and plebeians, also plebeian (syn.: familia, stirps, genus; natio, populus).
I Lit.: Sulla gentis patriciae (sc. Corneliae) nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignaviā, Sall. J. 95, 3: vera decora, non communiter modo Corneliae gentis, sed proprie familiae suae, Liv. 38, 58, 3: L. Tarquitius patriciae gentis, id. 3, 27, 1: apud P. Sestium patriciae gentis virum, id. 3, 33, 9; 6, 11, 2: cum Marcelli ab liberti filio stirpe, Claudii patricii ejusdem hominis hereditatem, gente ad se rediisse dicerent, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 176: gens Tarquiniorum, id. Rep. 2, 25 fin.: Julia, Liv. 1, 3, 2: L. Tarquinius duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, et antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat; a se ascitos minorum, Cic. Rep. 2, 20 Mos.; cf. Liv. 1, 35, 6: ex gente Domitia duae familiae claruerunt, Calvinorum et Aenobarborum, Suet. Ner. 1; cf. Liv. 2, 29, 4: patricii minorum gentium, Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2; Liv. 1, 47, 7; Capitol. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 5: anni principio de connubio patrum et plebis C. Canuleius tribunus plebis rogationem promulgavit, qua contaminari sanguinem suum patres confundique jura gentium rebantur, Liv. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. 4, 2, 5; 10, 8, 9: uti Feceniae Hispalae gentis enuptio, tutoris optio esset, etc., the right of marrying out of her gens, id. 39, 19, 5: perjurus, sine gente, i. e. of no family, of vulgar birth, Hor. S. 2, 5, 15; cf. respecting the Roman gens, Dict. of Antiq.
II Transf.
   A In a manner borrowed from the division of the senators into majorum and minorum gentium (v. above): ipsi illi majorum gentium dii qui habentur, hinc a nobis profecti in caelum reperientur, the superior deities (the consentes), Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 29: Cleanthes, qui quasi majorum est gentium Stoicus, id. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—
   B Poet., like genus and stirps, of a single descendant, offspring of an entire race: vigilasne, deūm gens, Aenea? Verg. A. 10, 228 (for which: Dis genite, id. ib. 9, 642): Tirynthia gens est (i. e. Fabius), Sil. 7, 35: extrema viri, the last descendant, id. 2, 185.—*
   C In a contemptuous sense, like our tribe, brood, crew: si illo die gens ista Clodiana, quod facere voluit, effecisset, Cic. Sest. 38, 81; so, Clodia, id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1.—
   D In the widest sense = genus, the race; gens humana, the human race, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65; Hor. C. 1, 3, 26.—
   E Of beasts, etc., a race, herd, brood, swarm (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): intestino bello totae gentes consumuntur, Col. 9, 9, 6: quos (equos) in spem statues summittere gentis, of the race, breed, Verg. G. 3, 73: utque luat poenas gens haec (i. e. vulpes), breed, race, Ov. F. 4, 711.—
   F In a more extended sense (as also γένος), a race, nation, people (sometimes more restricted than natio and populus, and sometimes put for them;
v. in the foll., and cf. Drak. Liv. 23, 42, 1; freq. and class.): Qui gentis omnis mariaque et terras movet, Plaut. Rud. prol. 1: cf.: nos per gentis disparat, id. ib. v. 10: gradus plures sunt societatis hominum. Ut enim ab illa infinita discedatur, propior est ejusdem gentis, nationis, linguae, qua maxime homines conjunguntur: interius etiam est ejusdem esse civitatis, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53; cf.: (Deus) non curat singulos homines ... ne civitates quidem ... ne nationes quidem et gentes, id. N. D. 3, 39, 93: ita nationis nomen, non gentis evaluisse paulatim, Tac. G. 2: Suebi, quorum non una gens...propriis adhuc nationibus nominibusque discreti, id. ib. 38: atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus ejus gentis nationibus in arma accensis, Vell. 2, 98: omnes exterae gentes ac nationes, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; cf.: per omnes gentes nationesque, Quint. 11, 3, 87; for which, in an inverted order: exterae nationes ac gentes, Cic. Font. 11, 25: aut gentes aut populos, Quint. 11, 1, 86: inter multas regum gentiumque et populorum legationes, Liv. 45, 19, 1; 45, 22, 8; cf. in an inverse order: populi et gentes, Quint. 12, 2, 3: postquam bello subegit Aequorum magnam gentem et ferocem, Cic. Rep. 2, 20: Sabina aut Volsca, id. ib. 3, 4: Transalpinae, id. ib. 3, 9: Allobrogum, id. Cat. 4, 6, 12: Nerviorum, Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1: Germanorum, id. ib. 6, 32 init.: Suevorum longe maxima Germanorum omnium, id. ib. 4, 1, 3; so of the Etruscan nation, Liv. 5, 1, 6; and in a wider sense than populus: non ex iisdem semper populis exercitus scriptos, quamquam eadem semper gens bellum intulerit, id. 6, 12, 4; 40, 15, 6; 2, 50, 2.—Also for civitas, the inhabitants of a city or town: Caesar Gomphos pervenit, quod est oppidum primum Thessaliae venientibus ab Epiro, quae gens ultro ad Caesarem legatos miserat, Caes. B. C. 3, 80, 1: atqui ad hoc, de quo agitur, non quaerimus gentem, ingenia quaerimus, Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf.: gladio pugnacissima gens Romani, Quint. 9, 3, 8; Liv. 5, 48, 3: Segni Condrusique, ex gente et numero Germanorum, Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1: in illa incorrupta maxime gente Aegyptiorum, Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 14: nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus, id. ib. 1, 17, 26: jus gentium, id. ib. 1, 2, 2; cf.: quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id ... vocatur jus gentium quasi quo jure omnes gentes utuntur, Gai. Inst. 1, 1.—
   2    In partic.
   a As a partit. gen., gentium, like terrarum, for the sake of emphasis, in the world, on earth (freq. and class.): ubicumque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143: quod ubique gentium est, id. Rep. 2, 4: ubinam gentium sumus, where in the world? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9: ubi ubi est gentium? Plaut. As. 2, 2, 21: obsecro, unde haec gentium? id. Cist. 4, 1, 16: ubi tu's gentium, id. Rud. 2, 5, 11: quaerit quod nusquamst gentium, id. Ps. 1, 4, 9: non hercle quo hinc nunc gentium aufugiam scio, id. Rud. 3, 5, 44: ubivis gentium agere aetatem quam, etc., Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 4: an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser? id. ib. 13: equidem te nisi nunc hodie nusquam vidi gentium, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 54: fratrem nusquam invenio gentium, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1: abeat multo malo quovis gentium, Quam hic, etc., id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55: res est in manibus: tu autem abes longe gentium, Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: nostri τυραννοκτόνοι longe gentium absunt, id. Fam. 12, 22, 2: ah! minime gentium, non faciam, by no means, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 44; so, minime gentium, id. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.—
   b Gentes, opp. to the Romans, foreign nations, foreigners (post-Aug. and rare): maneat, quaeso, duretque gentibus si non amor nostri at certe odium sui, Tac. G. 33; Auct. B. Hisp. 17 fin.—
   c In the eccl. fathers, gentes, like ἔθνος, opp. to Jews and Christians, pagan nations, heathen, gentiles, Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Psa. 2, 1 et saep.— Hence the title of Arnobius's work, Adversus Gentes.—
   3    Transf., a region, country (very rare): ut Aspim aggrederetur, qui Cataoniam tenebat: quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam, Nep. Dat. 4: gentes viduatas esse suis cultoribus et desolatas, Arn. 1, 4.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

gēns,⁶ gentis, f., (geno),
1 race, souche ; [en part. et surtout] famille [pouvant comprendre plusieurs branches] : vir patriciæ gentis Sall. J. 95, 3, homme de race patricienne ; gens Cornelia Liv. 38, 58, 2, la famille (la gens) Cornélia [comprenant les Scipion, les Lentulus, etc.] ; patres majorum, minorum gentium Cic. Rep. 2, 35, sénateurs des plus anciennes familles [du premier rang], des plus récentes familles [de second rang], cf. Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2 ; Liv. 1, 47, 7 ; [d’où au fig.] dii majorum gentium Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, les grands dieux ; quasi majorum gentium Stoicus Cic. Ac. 2, 126, un stoïcien pour ainsi dire de la grande souche || [poét.] = descendant, rejeton : vigilasne, deum gens, Ænea ? Virg. En. 10, 228, veilles-tu, descendant des dieux, Énée ? || [en parl. des animaux] race, espèce : Virg. G. 3, 73 ; Col. Rust. 9, 9, 6 ; Ov. F. 4, 711
2 race de peuple, peuple [ordre décroissant : gens, natio, civitas, cf. Cic. Nat. 3, 93 ; Off. 1, 53 ] : nationis nomen, non gentis Tac. G. 2, le nom de la peuplade, et non pas de la race tout entière, cf. Tac. G. 38 ; gens Sabina, Volsca Cic. Rep. 3, 7, le peuple sabin, volsque [les Sabins, les Volsques] ; Allobrogum Cic. Cat. 4, 12 ; Nerviorum Cæs. G. 2, 28, 1, le peuple des Allobroges, des Nerviens, cf. Cæs. G. 4, 1, 3, etc.
3 le peuple d’une cité : Cæs. C. 3, 80, 1 ; Nep. Dat. 4, 1 ; Milt. 4, 2
4 pays, canton, contrée [au gén. pl.] : ubinam gentium sumus ? Cic. Cat. 1, 9, en quel endroit de la terre sommes-nous ? unde hæc gentium ? Pl. Cist. 668, d’où est-elle ? nusquam gentium Pl. Ps. 402, nulle part ; abes longe gentium Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1, tu es qq. part au loin, cf. Cic. Fam. 12, 22, 2 ; minime gentium Ter. Eun. 625, etc., pas le moins du monde
5 pl. gentes = les barbares par opp. aux Romains] : Tac. G. 33 ; B. Hisp. 17, 4
6 c. genus : gens humana Cic. Fin. 5, 65, la race humaine, le genre humain, cf. Lucr. 5, 219.

Latin > German (Georges)

gēns, gentis, f. (geno, alte Form v. gigno, vgl. γενεά), das von gleicher Abkunft-, von einem Stammvater Entsprossene, das Geschlecht, der Stamm, I) im engern Sinne, als Inbegriff mehrerer durch gemeinschaftl. Abstammung, gemeinschaftl. Geschlechtsnamen (nomen) und gemeinschaftl. Religionsgebräuche verbundener Familien (familiae, stirpes), das Geschlecht, der Stamm, die Sippschaft (urspr. patrizisch, nach Gestattung des Konubium zwischen Patriziern u. Plebejern auch plebejisch), A) eig. u. übtr., a) eig.: vir patriciae gentis, Cic.: g. Cornelia (zu der die Scipiones, Lentuli u.a. gehörten), Liv.: qui quamvis periurus, sine gente, von niederem Stande, Hor.: patricii maiorum et minorum gentium, d.i. vom ersten u. zweiten Range (jene von den Senatoren, die Romulus einsetzte, diese von den Senatoren, die Tarquinius schuf, abstammend), Cic. u. Liv. – dah. b) übtr.: di maiorum gentium, die höhern; di minorum gentium, die niedern, Cic.: u. so auch qui quasi maiorum est gentium Stoicus, von der vorzüglichen Art, Cic. – u. v. Geschlecht der Tiere, wie: v. Bienen, Verg. u. Col.: v. Pferden, Verg.: v. Füchsen, Hunden, Ov. – B) (poet.) meton. = einer aus dem Geschlechte, ein Abkömmling, heroës, salvete, deûm gens, Catull.: vigilasne, deûm gens, Aenea? Verg.: Tirynthia gens est, v. Fabius, Sil. – II) im weitern Sinne, als Inbegriff mehrerer einen gemeinschaftl. Stammnamen führender kleinerer Völkerschaften (nationes), ein Stammvolk, Volksstamm, dann auch für Völkerschaft übh., A) im allg.: 1) eig.: omnes gentes ac nationes, Cic.: exterae nationes et gentes, Cic.: Sueborum, Caes.: Sabina aut Volsca, Cic.: Cilicum, Cic.: gentem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam, neque tam immanem tamque barbaram, quae non etc., Cic. de div. 1, 2. – 2) übtr. = a) das Volk = die Gemeinde einer Stadt, omnes eius gentis cives, Nep. – b) meton. = Gegend, Landschaft, Kanton, Gau (griech. δημος), Cataoniam, quae gens iacet etc., Nep.: ipsum in eam gentem iturum, Liv. – c) Genet. Plur. gentium partitiv, ubinam gentium sumus? wo sind wir denn in der Welt? Cic.: so auch abesse longe gentium, weit in der Welt, Cic.: ubi gentium, Sall.: ubicumque gentium, Cic.: quoque adducta est gentium, Plaut.: usquam gentium, irgendwo, Plaut.: nusquam gentium, nirgends, Ter.: u. so nec usquam gentium, Apul. – minime gentium, ganz u. gar nicht, beileibe nicht usw., Ter. – B) insbes., Plur. gentes, die Völker = 1) die Barbaren, Ausländer, Auct. b. Hisp. 17, 4. Tac. Germ. 33, 3. – 2) die Heiden, Eccl. – III) im weitesten Sinne = genus, das Geschlecht als Inbegriff mehrerer durch Geburt u. Ähnlichkeit zu einer Gattung gehöriger Individuen, gens humana, das Menschengeschlecht, Cic. de fin. 5, 65 (vgl. dazu Madvig). – / Genet. Plur. *gentum, Acc. tr. 580.

Spanish > Greek

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