obscurus
πολλὰ γάρ σε θεσπἰζονθ' ὁρῶ κοὐ ψευδόφημα (Sophocles' Oedipus Coloneus 1516f.) → For I see in you much prophecy, and nothing false
Latin > English
obscurus obscura -um, obscurior -or -us, obscurissimus -a -um ADJ :: dark, secret; vague, obscure
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
obscūrus: a, um, adj. Sanscr. sku, to cover, akin to Gr. σκευή, σκῦτος, κύτος; cf.: scutum, cutis,
I dark, darksome, dusky, shady, obscure (class.).
I Lit.: unde (Acherunte) animae excitantur obscurā umbrā, in dark, shadowy forms, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; so, umbra, Verg. A. 6, 453: donec in obscurum coni conduxit acumen, the obscure point of the cone, Lucr. 4, 431: lucus, Verg. A. 9, 87: antrum, Ov. M. 4, 100: convalles, Verg. A. 6, 139: tabernae, Hor. A. P. 229; cf. Liv. 10, 1, 5: aliae res obnoxiosae nocte in obscurā latent, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 16 (17), 10 (Trag. v. 341 Vahl.): nox, Verg. A. 2, 420; cf.: per occasum solis, jam obscurā luce, Liv. 24, 21: caelum, Hor. C. 1, 7, 15: nimbus, Verg. A. 12, 416: nubes, id. G. 4, 60: ferrugo, i. e. black, id. ib. 1, 467: dentes, Juv. 6, 145.—Poet.: funda, dark, i. e. invisible, Val. Fl. 6, 193; cf. mamma, i. e. hidden, covered, id. 3, 52, 6: aquae, i. e. turbid, Ov. F. 4, 758.—Subst.: obscūrum, i, n., dim light, twilight: in obscuro, advesperascente die, Vulg. Prov. 7, 9; but commonly the dark, darkness, obscurity: sub obscurum noctis, Verg. G. 1, 478: lumen, i. e. darkness visible, Sall. J. 21, 2.—obscū-rum, adverb.: obscurum nimbosus dissidet aër, Luc. 5, 631.—
B Transf., to the person who is in the dark, darkling, unseen: ibant obscuri solā sub nocte per umbram, Verg. A. 6, 268: obscurus in ulvā Delitui, id. ib. 2, 135.—
II Trop.
A In gen., dark, obscure, indistinct, unintelligible: Heraclitus ... Clarus ob obscuram linguam, Lucr. 1, 639: valde Heraclitus obscurus (cf. the Gr. appellation of Heraclitus, ὁ σκοτεινός), Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133: quid? poëta nemo, nemo physicus obscurus? id. ib.: obscurā de re tam lucida pango carmina, Lucr. 1, 933; 4, 8: brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio, Hor. A. P. 25: reperta Graiorum, Lucr. 1, 136: obscurum et ignotum jus, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177: cur hoc tam est obscurum atque caecum? id. Agr. 2, 14, 35: nolo plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā expectatione haerere, uncertain, id. ib. 2, 25, 66.—Comp., Quint. 11, 3, 60.—Sup.: videre res obscurissimas, Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 153.—Subst.: causae in obscuro positae, Cels. 1 praef.—
2 In partic., rhet. t. t.: obscurum genus causae, obscure, i. e. intricate, involved, Gr. δυσπαρακολούθητον, Cic. Inv. 1, 15, 20: (causae privatae) sunt multo saepe obscuriores, id. de Or. 2, 24, 100.—
B Not known, unknown, not recognized: forma, Ov. M. 3, 475: P Ilas, i. e. disguised, under another form, id. ib. 6, 36.—Esp. of rank and station, obscure, ignoble, mean, low: non est obscura tua in me benevolentia, Cic. Fam. 13, 70: Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius, * Caes. B. C. 1, 61: Pompeius humili atque obscuro loco natus, of an obscure, ignoble family, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181: obscuris orti majoribus, from obscure ancestors, id. Off. 1, 32, 116: clarus an obscurus, Quint. 5, 10, 26; cf.: si nobilis obscurum se vocet, id. 11, 1, 21; 2, 3, 9: non obscurus professor et auctor, id. 2, 15, 36: natus haud obscuro loco, Sall. C. 23, 1.— Neutr. absol.: in obscuro vitam habere, Sall. C. 51, 12: vitam per obscurum transmittere, in obscurity, Sen. Ep. 19, 3: saepe mandatum initio litis in obscuro est, kept back, Gai. Inst. 4, 84.—
C Of character, close, secret, reserved: obscurus et astutus homo, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 5 (for which: sin me astutum et occultum lubet fingere, id. Fam. 3, 10, 8): plerumque modestus Occupat obscuri speciem, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 94: Tiberium obscurum adversus alios, sibi uni incautum intectumque efficeret, Tac. A. 4, 1: obscurum odium, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—Comp.: natura obscurior, Tac. Agr. 42.—Adv.: ob-scūrē, darkly, obscurely (class.).
A Lit.: aut nihil superum aut obscure admodum cernimus, very darkly, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 474, 28.—
B Trop.
1 Of speech, darkly, obscurely, indistinctly: dicta, Quint. 3, 4, 3; 4, 1, 79.—Comp.: quae causa dicta obscurius est, Quint. 8, 2, 24.—Sup.: obscurissime particulā uti, Cell. 17, 13, 5: non obscurissime dicere (opp. planissime), id. 11, 16, 9.—
2 Of birth, obscurely, ignobly, meanly (perh. only post-class.): obscure natus, Macr. S. 7, 3: obscurissime natus, Amm. 29, 1, 5.—
3 Covertly, closely, secretly: malum obscure serpens, Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 6: tacite obscureque perire, id. Quint. 15, 50: non obscure ferre aliquid, id. Clu. 19, 54; cf. id. Par. 6, 1, 45; Hirt. B. G. 8, 54.—Comp.: ceteri sunt obscurius iniqui, more secretly, Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2.—Sup.: avertere aliquid de publico quam obscurissime, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
obscūrus,⁸ a, um,
1 sombre, obscur, ténébreux : obscurus lucus Virg. En. 9, 87, bois sombre ; nox obscura Virg. En. 2, 420, nuit obscure ; jam obscura luce Liv. 24, 21, 7, comme il faisait déjà sombre || v. obscurum, n., pris substt || [poét.] ibant obscuri Virg. En. 6, 268, ils allaient, groupe sombre
2 [fig.] obscur : a) difficile à comprendre : res obscurissimas videre Cic. de Or. 2, 153, pénétrer les sujets les plus obscurs ; valde Heraclitus obscurus Cic. Div. 2, 133, Héraclite était tout à fait obscur (peu intelligible), cf. Hor. P. 25 ; b) incertain : obscura spes Cic. Agr. 2, 66, espoir vague ; c) inconnu : non est obscura tua in me benevolentia Cic. Fam. 13, 70, tout le monde connaît ton dévouement pour moi, cf. Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 5 ; Cæsaris erat nomen obscurius Cæs. C. 1, 61, 3, le nom de César était moins connu ; obscuro loco natus Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 181, né d’une famille obscure ; d) caché, secret : obscurus homo Cic. Off. 3, 57, homme dissimulé ; obscurum odium Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6, haine cachée.
Latin > German (Georges)
obscūrus, a, um (altind. skunāti, ›bedeckt‹, griech. σκυλόω ›verhülle‹, ahd. skūr, Wetterdach), dunkel, ohne Licht, schattig, I) eig.: cubiculum (Ggstz. lucidum), Sen. u. Suet.: caelum, Hor.: lucus, Verg.: umbra, nubes, nox, Verg.: iam obscurā luce, da es schon dunkel war (Ggstz. luce clarā), Liv.: sub obscuro mane, Colum.: aquae, trübe, Ov.: poet., ibant obscuri, im Dunkeln, Verg. Aen. 6, 268. – subst., obscūrum, ī, n., das Dunkel, die Dunkelheit, noctis, Verg.: in obscuro contineri (v. Vögeln), Sen.: adv., obscurum dissilit aër, Lucan. 5, 631. – II) übtr.: 1) dunkel, a) dem Laute nach undeutlich, dumpf, vox, Quint.: cantus obscurior, verhaltener, Cic. u. Quint. – b) dem Verständnisse nach dunkel = unverständlich, undeutlich, unklar, ungewiß, unsicher (Ggstz. perspicuus), res, Cic.: oracula, Cic.: Heraclitus valde obscurus, Cic.: utilitatis ratio aut perspicua nobis aut obscura, auf einem dunklen Gefühle beruhend, Cic.: cur hoc tam obscurum est et caecum? Cic.: scientia obscurior, Cic.: res obscurissimae, Cic.: mit Infinit., Heraclitus obscurus involvere omnia, Fronto ep. ad Ver. 1, 1. p. 114, 13 N. – non obscurum est, es erhellt, ist offenbar, liegt auf der Hand, m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, non erat obscurum, quid homo improbus ac nefarius cogitaret, Cic. Verr. 2, 91: tamen, utrum sciant pingere, an nesciant, non obscurum est, Cic. de or. 1, 73: m. folg. guin u. Konj., neque est obscurum, quin in contrariis contraria sumenda sint, Cic. part. or. § 51. – subst., obscūrum, ī, n., das Dunkel, si in tanta scriptorum turba mea fama in obscuro est, Liv. praef. § 3: non in obscuro haberi, nicht für ungewiß gelten, Tac.: veritas in obscuro latēre adhuc existimatur, Lact. 3, 1, 1: si potes id quoque docere, quod in obscuro est, an didiceris, Plin. ep. 8, 14, 11. – c) der Geltung nach dunkel = unbekannt, unberühmt, niedrig dem Stande nach (Ggstz. clarus), nomen, Caes.: non obscurus fuit, war nicht ohne Ruhm, Cic.: obscuro loco natus, von unbekannter, niedriger Herkunft, Cic. u. Liv.: obscuris orti maioribus, Cic.: natus obscurissimis initiis, Vell. 2, 76, 4: loci obscuri (Ggstz. rerum gestarum vestigiis nobilitati), Cic.: Ggstz., hominibus litteratis et historicis est notior, populo et suffragatoribus obscurior (minder bekannt), Cic. Mur. 16. – 2) trübe, unsicher, nolo plebem Romanam obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione haerere, Cic. de lege agr. 2, 66. – 3) versteckt, verborgen, unsichtbar, locus, Liv.: tabernae, Winkelkneipen, Hor.: funda, Val. Flacc.: vitam transmittere per obscurum, insgeheim, im stillen, Sen.: obscura Pallas, versteckt (unter der Gestalt der Alten), Ov.: mamma, mäßig erhoben, Val. Flacc. – 4) dem Charakter nach versteckt, heimlich, zurückhaltend (Ggstz. apertus), homo, Cic.: obscurior natura (Naturell), Tac.: odium (Groll), Cic.: simultates, Cic.: obscurus adversus alios, Tac. ann. 4, 1.
Latin > Chinese
obscurus, a, um. adj. c. s. :: 愰糊。黑暗。卑賤。奸狡。甚密者。— homo vel Obscuris ortus majoribus vel Obscuro loco natus 無名家生者。Jam obscura luce 黎明天時。Spes obscura 薄望。Benevolentia non obscura 不可疑之情分。Odium obscurum 含之怨。Discrimen obscurum 難分別之事。