πῆμα: Difference between revisions
Θνητὸς πεφυκὼς τοὐπίσω πειρῶ βλέπειν → Homo natus id, quod instat, ut videas, age → Als sterblich Wesen mühe dich zu seh'n, was folgt
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|Transliteration C=pima | |Transliteration C=pima | ||
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|Definition= | |Definition=πήματος, τό (same form in Dor.), ''poet.'' word,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[misery]], [[calamity]], πῆμα κακόν Od.5.179; πῆμα κακοῖο 3.152; <b class="b3">δύης πῆμα</b> 14.338; πῆμα τῆς ἄτης [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]'' 363; π. θεὸς Δαναοῖσι κυλίνδει Il.17.688; τοῖσι.. πῆμα κυλίνδεται Od. 2.163, cf. Il.11.347; ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν 15.721; τοι πῆμα τόδ' ἤγαγον Οὐρανίωνες 24.547; ἓν παρ' ἐσλὸν π. σύνδυο δαίονται βροτοῖς ἀθάνατοι Pi.''P.''3.81; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''265; πήματα ἐπὶ πήμασι πίπτοντ' [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''594 (lyr.); <b class="b3">πῆμ' ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται</b>, i.e. [[iron]] upon [[iron]], the [[sword]] [[forge]]d upon the [[anvil]], Orac. ap. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.67, cf. 68; [[σοφιστὴς πημάτων]] = [[deviser]] of [[pain]]s (i.e. the [[labour]]s of [[Heracles]]), E. ''Heracl.''993.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of persons, [[bane]], [[calamity]], ὅς μιν ἔτικτε.. π. γενέσθαι Τρωσί Il.22.421, cf. 3.50, 160, 6.282, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''379; π. κακὸς [[γείτων]] Hes.''Op.''346. (Cf. Skt. pīyati, Goth. fijan '[[hate]]'.) | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0610.png Seite 610]] τό, [[Leid]], [[Unglück]], Unheil; oft bei Hom. u. Hes.; auch κακὸν [[πῆμα]], Od. 5, 179; [[πῆμα]] κακοῦ, 3, 152; [[πῆμα]] δύης, 14, 338; τὸ [[πῆμα]] τῆς νόσου, Soph. Phil. 754, u. öfter; μὴ [[πλέον]] τὸ [[πῆμα]] τῆς ἄτης τίθει, Ai. 356; τὰ τοῦδε πενθεῖν πήματα, O. C. 743; Eur. oft; Ar. u. in später Prosa. | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0610.png Seite 610]] τό, [[Leid]], [[Unglück]], [[Unheil]]; oft bei Hom. u. Hes.; auch κακὸν [[πῆμα]], Od. 5, 179; [[πῆμα]] κακοῦ, 3, 152; [[πῆμα]] δύης, 14, 338; τὸ [[πῆμα]] τῆς νόσου, Soph. Phil. 754, u. öfter; μὴ [[πλέον]] τὸ [[πῆμα]] τῆς ἄτης τίθει, Ai. 356; τὰ τοῦδε πενθεῖν πήματα, O. C. 743; Eur. oft; Ar. u. in später Prosa. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{bailly | {{bailly | ||
|btext= | |btext=πήματος (τό) :<br /><b>1</b> [[souffrance]], [[mal]], [[malheur]];<br /><b>2</b> ce qui cause un dommage, un malheur, <i>etc.</i> ; [[fléau]], [[calamité]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[πάσχω]] -- DELG étym. obscure ; cf. ttf. <i>avest.</i> pâman, nom d'une maladie de la peau, <i>skr.</i> pâmán « maladie de la peau, gale », <i>skr.</i> pâpmán « souffrance, dommage ». | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
|elnltext=πῆμα | |elnltext=πῆμα, πήματος, τό [[rampspoed]]:; μή τί μοι αὐτῷ πῆμα κακὸν βουλευσέμεν ἄλλο om niet nog eens vreselijke rampspoed tegen mijzelf te beramen Od. 10.344; πήματα... ἐπὶ πήμασι πίπτοντα = dat rampen op rampen gestapeld zijn Soph. Ant. 595; overdr. van pers. ramp:. ὅς μιν ἔτικτε... πῆμα γενέσθαι Τρωσί die hem voortbracht om een ramp te worden voor de Trojanen Il. 3.50. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{elru | {{elru | ||
|elrutext='''πῆμα:''' | |elrutext='''πῆμα:''' πήματος τό<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[беда]], [[бедствие]], [[несчастье]], [[страдание]]: π. δύης Hom. тяжелое бедствие; πήμκτα ἐπὶ πήμασι Soph. несчастья за несчастьями; πημάτων [[ἔξω]] [[πόδα]] ἔχειν Aesch. выбраться из бед;<br /><b class="num">2</b> перен. [[бич]], [[гроза]] (π. [[Τρωσί]], ''[[sc.]]'' [[Ἀχιλλεύς]] Hom.; [[Κρέων]] δέ σοι π. [[οὐδέν]], ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὸς σὺ [[σοί]] Soph.). | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ls | {{ls | ||
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{{Slater | {{Slater | ||
|sltr=([[πῆμα]], | |sltr=([[πῆμα]], πήματος, -α, -ατα nom.) [[pain]], [[trouble]] [[πῆμα]] θνᾴσκει παλίγκοτον δαμασθέν (O. 2.19) Μοῖρ' θεόρτῳ σὺν ὄλβῳ [[ἐπί]] τι καὶ πῆμ [[ἄγει]] παλιντράπελον (O. 2.37) ἐσλὸν βαθὺ πήματος ἐν μικρῷ πεδάμειψαν χρόνῳ (O. 12.12) ἅντε δόλον [[αὐτῷ]] θέσαν Ζηνὸς παλάμαι, καλὸν [[πῆμα]] (P. 2.40) ἓν παρ' ἐσλὸν πήματα [[σύνδυο]] δαίονται βροτοῖς ἀθάνατοι (P. 3.81) μήτ' ὦν τινι [[πῆμα]] πορών (P. 4.297) | ||
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{{grml | {{grml | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[disaster]], [[sorrow]], [[distress]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-πήμων</b> [[without disaster]], [[undamaged]] (Il.); from there [[πήμων]] [[baleful]] (Orph.). Denominat. [[πημαίνω]] [[ | |etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[disaster]], [[sorrow]], [[distress]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-πήμων</b> [[without disaster]], [[undamaged]] (Il.); from there [[πήμων]] [[baleful]] (Orph.). Denominat. [[πημαίνω]] to [[do harm]], to [[damage]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Besides the enlargements: <b class="b3">πημον-ή</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (trag., treaty ap. Th. 5, 18), <b class="b3">πημο-σύνη</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (A., E., Orph.), <b class="b3">ἀπημο-σύνη</b> f. [[sorrowlessness]] (Thgn.) = <b class="b3">ἀπημον-ίη</b> f. (Call.); cf. Wyss <b class="b3">-σύνη</b> 33 a. 39.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Primary verbal noun, in Greek isolated. An exact formal agreement may be found in Av. <b class="b2">pāman-</b> n. name of a skin-disease; further, deviating only in gender, Skt. <b class="b2">pāmán-</b> m. [[kind of skindisease]], [[scratch]]. Semantically much better fits Skt. <b class="b2">pāpmán-</b> m. [[disaster]], [[damage]], [[sorrow]], but this seems a transformation of <b class="b2">pāmán-</b> after <b class="b2">pāpá-</b> [[bad]], [[evil]]. Further connections are uncertain, s. Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">pāpáḫ</b> and <b class="b2">pāmā́</b> w. further lit., W.-Hofmann s. [[paeminōsus]] (also w. lit.). -- Cf. [[πηρός]] and [[ταλαίπωρος]]. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
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===[[calamity]]=== | ===[[calamity]]=== | ||
Arabic: بَلَاء, بُؤْس, مُصِيبَة; Bulgarian: бедствие; Catalan: calamitat; Chinese Mandarin: 災難, 灾难; Czech: kalamita; Dutch: [[calamiteit]]; Esperanto: katastrofo, plago; Finnish: suuronnettomuus; French: [[calamité]]; Georgian: უბედურება; German: [[Unheil]], [[Kalamität]]; Ancient Greek: [[περίπτωμα]], [[πῆμα]]; Hungarian: vész; Ido: kalamitato; Irish: anachain; Italian: [[calamità]]; Japanese: 災い, 災難; Korean: 재난; Latin: [[calamitas]]; Malayalam: ദുരന്തം; Norwegian: kalamitet; Oromo: balaa; Persian: بلا, مصیبت; Plautdietsch: Onjlekj; Portuguese: [[calamidade]]; Romanian: flagel, calamitate, calamități; Russian: [[катастрофа]], [[бедствие]]; Spanish: [[calamidad]]; Swedish: katastrof, tragedi, olycka; Tagalog: kalamidad; Turkish: bela, musibet; Urdu: آفت; Vietnamese: tai hoạ; Volapük: damifät; Westrobothnian: ofäl | Arabic: بَلَاء, بُؤْس, مُصِيبَة; Bulgarian: бедствие; Catalan: calamitat; Chinese Mandarin: 災難, 灾难; Czech: kalamita; Dutch: [[calamiteit]]; Esperanto: katastrofo, plago; Finnish: suuronnettomuus; French: [[calamité]]; Georgian: უბედურება; German: [[Unheil]], [[Kalamität]]; Ancient Greek: [[περίπτωμα]], [[πῆμα]]; Hungarian: vész; Ido: kalamitato; Irish: anachain; Italian: [[calamità]]; Japanese: 災い, 災難; Korean: 재난; Latin: [[calamitas]]; Malayalam: ദുരന്തം; Norwegian: kalamitet; Oromo: balaa; Persian: بلا, مصیبت; Plautdietsch: Onjlekj; Portuguese: [[calamidade]]; Romanian: flagel, calamitate, calamități; Russian: [[катастрофа]], [[бедствие]]; Spanish: [[calamidad]]; Swedish: katastrof, tragedi, olycka; Tagalog: kalamidad; Turkish: bela, musibet; Urdu: آفت; Vietnamese: tai hoạ; Volapük: damifät; Westrobothnian: ofäl | ||
===[[affliction]]=== | |||
Armenian: վիշտ; Bulgarian: болка, измъчване, огорчение; Chinese Cantonese: 痛苦; Mandarin: 痛苦; Dutch: [[lijden]], [[pijn]]; Esperanto: aflikto; Finnish: kärsimys, tuska; French: [[affliction]], [[détresse]]; Galician: anoto; German: [[Leiden]], [[Behinderung]]; Gothic: 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰; Greek: [[συμφορά]], [[βάσανο]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀπόκναισις]], [[ἄχεα]], [[ἄχη]], [[ἀχθηδών]], [[ἄχος]], [[δυηπάθια]], [[δυηπαθίη]], [[δυσπάθεια]], [[δυσπαθία]], [[δυσχέρημα]], [[ἔκθλιψις]], [[ἔτασις]], [[θλῖψις]], [[κακοπάθεια]], [[κακοπαθία]], [[καταπόνησις]], [[λύπη]], [[μέρμηρα]], [[ξυνοχή]], [[πεῖσις]], [[πένθος]], [[πωρητύς]], [[σαββώ]], [[συνοχή]], [[συντριβή]], [[σύντριμμα]], [[συντριμμός]], [[τὰ δύσφορα]]; Irish: angar, galar, doilíos; Italian: [[afflizione]]; Ladino: afrision, afriisyon; Malay: kepayahan; Plautdietsch: Älent; Polish: cierpienie, przypadłość, afekcja; Portuguese: [[aflição]]; Russian: [[страдание]], [[печаль]], [[огорчение]], [[боль]], [[горе]], [[мучение]]; Serbo-Croatian: patnja, trpljenje; Spanish: [[aflicción]], [[tribulación]], [[quebranto]]; Turkish: ızdırap, dert, keder | |||
===[[pain]]=== | |||
Abkhaz: ахьаа; Adyghe: узы, уз; Afrikaans: pyn; Albanian: dhembje; Amharic: ጣረሞት; Arabic: أَلَم, وَجَع; Egyptian Arabic: ألم; Armenian: ցավ; Assamese: বিষ; Asturian: dolor; Azerbaijani: ağrı, acı; Bashkir: ауыртыу; Basque: min; Belarusian: боль; Bengali: ব্যথা; Breton: poan; Bulgarian: болка; Burmese: ဝေဒနာ, ဒုက္ခ; Catalan: dolor; Chechen: лазар; Cherokee: ᎠᎩᏟᏱ; Chinese Dungan: тын; Mandarin: 疼痛, 苦痛, 疼, 痛, 痛苦; Chuvash: ырату; Crimean Tatar: ağrı, accı; Czech: bolest; Danish: smerte; Dutch: [[pijn]]; Esperanto: doloro; Estonian: valu; Faroese: pína, ilska, verkur, sviði; Finnish: kipu, kärsimys, särky, tuska, piina; French: [[douleur]], [[mal]]; Old French: peine, dolor; Friulian: dolôr; Gagauz: aarı; Galician: dor; Georgian: ტკივილი; German: [[Schmerz]]; Greek: [[πόνος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀγανάκτησις]], [[ἀγγρία]], [[ἄγρις]], [[ἀδιή]], [[ἀετασία]], [[ἆθλος]], [[αἴσθησις]], [[ἀλγηδών]], [[ἀλγηδωνία]], [[ἄλγημα]], [[ἄλγησις]], [[ἄλγις]], [[ἄλγος]], [[ἀνία]], [[ἀνίημα]], [[ἄση]], [[ἄχος]], [[βολή]], [[γαβης]], [[διάπτωσις]], [[δύα]], [[δύη]], [[ἐνόχλησις]], [[ἐπωδυνία]], [[κάματος]], [[λύπη]], [[λύπημα]], [[ὀδύνη]], [[ὀδύνημα]], [[οἰζύς]], [[πένθος]], [[πῆμα]], [[πημονή]], [[πόνος]], [[ταλαιπωρία]], [[τὸ βαρύθυμον]]; Greenlandic: anniaat; Guaraní: rasy, tasy; Gujarati: પીડા; Hawaiian: ʻeha; Hebrew: כְּאֵב; Hindi: दर्द, पीड़ा, व्यथा; Hungarian: fájdalom, kín; Icelandic: sársauki, verkur; Ido: doloro; Indonesian: sakit, nyeri; Irish: pian; Istriot: dulur; Italian: [[dolore]]; Japanese: 痛み, 苦痛; Kannada: ನೋವು, ಬೇನೆ; Kashubian: bòlesc; Kazakh: ауру, жара, сыздау; Khmer: ជំហឺ, ការឈឺចាប់; Komi-Permyak: висьӧм; Korean: 아픔, 통증, 고통; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ئازار, ژان; Northern Kurdish: elem; Kyrgyz: оору; Ladino: dolor, דולור; Lao: ຄວາມເຈັບ; Latgalian: suope; Latin: [[dolor]]; Latvian: sāpes; Lithuanian: skausmas, kančia, gėla; Low German: Wehdag, Wehdaag; Luxembourgish: Péng; Macedonian: болка; Malay: sakit; Malayalam: വേദന; Maltese: uġigħ; Maori: mamae; Mongolian: өвчин; Mwani: malwazo; Navajo: diniih; Neapolitan: dulore; Nepali: पीडा; Ngazidja Comorian: ndroso; Northern Altai: аарыг; Norwegian Bokmål: smerte; Nynorsk: smerte; Occitan: dolor; Old Church Slavonic: боль; Old East Slavic: боль; Old English: sār, eċe; Old Occitan: pena, dolor; Old Portuguese: door; Oriya: ପିଠ, କ୍ଳେଶ; Ossetian: рыст, рис; Pali: vedanā; Pashto: درد, دړد; Persian: درد; Pitjantjatjara: pika; Plautdietsch: Wee; Polish: ból; Portuguese: [[dor]]; Punjabi: ਦਰਦ, پِیڑ, دَرد, ڈول; Quechua: nanay; Romani: dukh; Romanian: durere, chin; Romansch: dolur, dalur, dolour, dulur; Russian: [[боль]]; Rusyn: боль, біль; Sanskrit: पीडा, व्यथा, बाधा; Saterland Frisian: Kwoal; Scottish Gaelic: pian, cràdh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: бол, мука; Roman: bol, muka; Sicilian: duluri, ruluri, diluri, riluri; Sindhi: سور; Sinhalese: වේදනාව; Slovak: bolesť; Slovene: bolečina; Slovincian: bȯ́u̯l; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: ból; Upper Sorbian: ból; Southern Altai: оору, сыс; Spanish: [[dolor]]; Swahili: umwa; Swedish: smärta; Tagalog: sakit, pananakit; Tajik: дард; Talysh: داژ; Tamil: வலி, வேதனை, நோவு; Tatar: ачы, авырту, сызлау, авырту; Telugu: నొప్పి; Thai: ความเจ็บ; Tibetan: ཟུག; Tigrinya: ቃንዛ; Tocharian B: lakle; Turkish: acı, ağrı; Turkmen: ajy, agyry; Tuvan: аарыг, аарышкылыы; Ukrainian: біль; Urdu: درد, پیڑا; Uyghur: ئاغرىق, ئەلەم; Uzbek: ogʻriq, alam, dard; Venetian: dolor, dołor; Vietnamese: đau, sự đau đớn; Waray-Waray: ul-ul, su-ol; Welsh: poen, dolur; White Hmong: mob; Wolof: metit; Yakut: ыарыы; Yiddish: ווייטיק, וויי, יסורים, פּײַן, מיחוש, ווייעניש; Yucatec Maya: k'iinam; Zazaki: dej, tew; Zhuang: in, indot, inget | |||
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Latest revision as of 07:46, 13 November 2024
English (LSJ)
πήματος, τό (same form in Dor.), poet. word,
A misery, calamity, πῆμα κακόν Od.5.179; πῆμα κακοῖο 3.152; δύης πῆμα 14.338; πῆμα τῆς ἄτης S.Aj. 363; π. θεὸς Δαναοῖσι κυλίνδει Il.17.688; τοῖσι.. πῆμα κυλίνδεται Od. 2.163, cf. Il.11.347; ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν 15.721; τοι πῆμα τόδ' ἤγαγον Οὐρανίωνες 24.547; ἓν παρ' ἐσλὸν π. σύνδυο δαίονται βροτοῖς ἀθάνατοι Pi.P.3.81; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει A.Pr.265; πήματα ἐπὶ πήμασι πίπτοντ' S.Ant.594 (lyr.); πῆμ' ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται, i.e. iron upon iron, the sword forged upon the anvil, Orac. ap. Hdt.1.67, cf. 68; σοφιστὴς πημάτων = deviser of pains (i.e. the labours of Heracles), E. Heracl.993.
II of persons, bane, calamity, ὅς μιν ἔτικτε.. π. γενέσθαι Τρωσί Il.22.421, cf. 3.50, 160, 6.282, S.OT379; π. κακὸς γείτων Hes.Op.346. (Cf. Skt. pīyati, Goth. fijan 'hate'.)
German (Pape)
[Seite 610] τό, Leid, Unglück, Unheil; oft bei Hom. u. Hes.; auch κακὸν πῆμα, Od. 5, 179; πῆμα κακοῦ, 3, 152; πῆμα δύης, 14, 338; τὸ πῆμα τῆς νόσου, Soph. Phil. 754, u. öfter; μὴ πλέον τὸ πῆμα τῆς ἄτης τίθει, Ai. 356; τὰ τοῦδε πενθεῖν πήματα, O. C. 743; Eur. oft; Ar. u. in später Prosa.
French (Bailly abrégé)
πήματος (τό) :
1 souffrance, mal, malheur;
2 ce qui cause un dommage, un malheur, etc. ; fléau, calamité.
Étymologie: πάσχω -- DELG étym. obscure ; cf. ttf. avest. pâman, nom d'une maladie de la peau, skr. pâmán « maladie de la peau, gale », skr. pâpmán « souffrance, dommage ».
Dutch (Woordenboekgrieks.nl)
πῆμα, πήματος, τό rampspoed:; μή τί μοι αὐτῷ πῆμα κακὸν βουλευσέμεν ἄλλο om niet nog eens vreselijke rampspoed tegen mijzelf te beramen Od. 10.344; πήματα... ἐπὶ πήμασι πίπτοντα = dat rampen op rampen gestapeld zijn Soph. Ant. 595; overdr. van pers. ramp:. ὅς μιν ἔτικτε... πῆμα γενέσθαι Τρωσί die hem voortbracht om een ramp te worden voor de Trojanen Il. 3.50.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
πῆμα: πήματος τό
1 беда, бедствие, несчастье, страдание: π. δύης Hom. тяжелое бедствие; πήμκτα ἐπὶ πήμασι Soph. несчастья за несчастьями; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχειν Aesch. выбраться из бед;
2 перен. бич, гроза (π. Τρωσί, sc. Ἀχιλλεύς Hom.; Κρέων δέ σοι π. οὐδέν, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὸς σὺ σοί Soph.).
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
πῆμα: τό, διαμένει ἀμετάβλ. παρὰ τοῖς Δωρ.: λέξ. ποιητ., πάθημα, δυστύχημα, ὄλεθρος, Ὅμ., Ἡσ., Πίνδ., καὶ Τραγ., κατά τε τὸν ἑνικὸν καὶ τὸν πληθ.: κακὸν π. Ὀδ. Ε. 179· π. κακοῖο Γ. 152· π. δύης Ξ. 338· π. τῆς ἄτης Σοφ. Αἴ. 363· π. θεὸς Δαναοῖσι κυλίνδει Ἰλ. Ρ. 688· τοῖσι... πῆμα κυλίνδεται Ὀδ. Β. 163, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Λ. 347· ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν Ο. 721· τοι πῆμα τόδ’ ἤγαγον οὐρανίωνες Ω. 547· πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχειν Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 263· πήματα ἐπὶ πήμασι Σοφ. Ἀντ. 593· πῆμ’ ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται Χρησμ. παρ’ Ἡροδ. 1. 67, πρβλ. 68. ΙΙ. παρ’ Ὁμ., συχνάκις ἐπὶ προσώπων, ὄλεθρος, πληγή, ὅς μιν ἔτικτε... πῆμα γενέσθαι Τρωσὶ Ἰλ. Χ. 421, πρβλ. Γ. 50, 160. Ζ. 282, Σοφ. Ο. Τ. 379.
English (Autenrieth)
ατος (πάσχω): suffering, woe, harm; common periphrasis, πῆμα κακοῖο, also δύης πῆμα, Od. 14.338; of persons, bane, nuisance, Od. 17.446.
English (Slater)
(πῆμα, πήματος, -α, -ατα nom.) pain, trouble πῆμα θνᾴσκει παλίγκοτον δαμασθέν (O. 2.19) Μοῖρ' θεόρτῳ σὺν ὄλβῳ ἐπί τι καὶ πῆμ ἄγει παλιντράπελον (O. 2.37) ἐσλὸν βαθὺ πήματος ἐν μικρῷ πεδάμειψαν χρόνῳ (O. 12.12) ἅντε δόλον αὐτῷ θέσαν Ζηνὸς παλάμαι, καλὸν πῆμα (P. 2.40) ἓν παρ' ἐσλὸν πήματα σύνδυο δαίονται βροτοῖς ἀθάνατοι (P. 3.81) μήτ' ὦν τινι πῆμα πορών (P. 4.297)
Greek Monolingual
τὸ, Α
1. πάθημα, δυστύχημα, συμφορά («πῆμα θεὸς Δαναοῖσι κυλίνδει», Ομ. Ιλ.)
2. (για τους άθλους που επιβλήθηκαν στον Ηρακλή) βαρύς μόχθος («πολλῶν σοφιστὴς πημάτων ἐγιγνόμην», Ευρ.)
3. μτφ. (για πρόσ.) ὁλεθρος, καταστροφή, βάσανο, πληγή («πῆμα κακὸς γείτων ὅσσον τ' ἀγαθὸς μέγα ὄνειαρ», Ησίοδ.)
4. φρ. «πῆμα ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται»
μτφ. (στον Ηρόδ.) το ολέθριο σίδερο, δηλ. το ξίφος που σφυρηλατείται πάνω στο σιδερένιο αμόνι του σιδηρουργού.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Ποιητική λ., αβέβαιης ετυμολ., που δηλώνει μια κατάσταση και εμφανίζει κατάλ. -μα (πρβλ. σήμα, σώμα). Οι πιο πιθανές, από μορφολογική άποψη, συνδέσεις της λ. είναι με: αβεστ. pāman- «ονομασία αρρώστιας του δέρματος», αρχ. ινδ. pāman- «αρρώστια του δέρματος», ενώ το αρχ. ινδ. pāpman- «πόνος, λύπη, ταραχή, βλάβη» (κατ' επίδραση του pāpa- «κακός») βρίσκεται από σημασιολογική άποψη πιο κοντά στη λ. πῆμα. Έχει, επίσης, προταθεί η σύνδεση της λ. με ελλ. τύπους όπως ταλαίπωρος, πηρός, πένομαι, πένθος ή με το λατ. patior «πάσχω». Η οικογένεια της λ. πῆμα είναι αρχαϊκή και η χρήση της υποχώρησε νωρίς].
Greek Monotonic
πῆμα: -ατος, τό (πρβλ. πάσχω),·
I. πόνος, δυστυχία, συμφορά, θλίψη, όλεθρος, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· πήματα ἐπὶ πήμασι, συμφορά πάνω στη συμφορά, σε Σοφ.· πῆμ' ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται, το ξίφος σφυρηλατείται πάνω στο αμόνι, σε Χρησμ. παρά Ηροδ.
II. λέγεται για ανθρώπους, συμφορές, δυστυχίες, βυθίζω στα συντρίμμια, καταστρέφω και με ηπιότερη σημασία, λυπάμαι, καταθλίβομαι, σε Όμηρ., Τραγ.· πημαίνω τὴν γῆν, την καταστρέφω, σε Ηρόδ.· απόλ., κάνω κακό, σε Ομήρ. ιλ. — Παθ., υποφέρω από πληγή ή βλάβη, σε Ομήρ. Οδ., Αισχύλ. κ.λπ.· ἴσθιπημανούμενος, μάθε ότι θα δυστυχήσεις, σε Σοφ.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: n.
Meaning: disaster, sorrow, distress (Il.).
Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. ἀ-πήμων without disaster, undamaged (Il.); from there πήμων baleful (Orph.). Denominat. πημαίνω to do harm, to damage (Il.).
Derivatives: Besides the enlargements: πημον-ή f. id. (trag., treaty ap. Th. 5, 18), πημο-σύνη f. id. (A., E., Orph.), ἀπημο-σύνη f. sorrowlessness (Thgn.) = ἀπημον-ίη f. (Call.); cf. Wyss -σύνη 33 a. 39.
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: Primary verbal noun, in Greek isolated. An exact formal agreement may be found in Av. pāman- n. name of a skin-disease; further, deviating only in gender, Skt. pāmán- m. kind of skindisease, scratch. Semantically much better fits Skt. pāpmán- m. disaster, damage, sorrow, but this seems a transformation of pāmán- after pāpá- bad, evil. Further connections are uncertain, s. Mayrhofer s. pāpáḫ and pāmā́ w. further lit., W.-Hofmann s. paeminōsus (also w. lit.). -- Cf. πηρός and ταλαίπωρος.
Middle Liddell
πῆμα, ατος, τό, [cf. πάσχω
I. suffering, misery, calamity, woe, bane, Hom., etc.; πήματα ἐπὶ πήμασι woe upon woe, Soph.; πῆμ' ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται, the sword forged upon the anvil, Orac. ap. Hdt.
II. of persons, a bane, calamity, Il., Soph.
Frisk Etymology German
πῆμα: {pē̃ma}
Grammar: n.
Meaning: Unheil, Leid, Not (seit Il.).
Composita: Oft als Hinterglied, z.B. ἀπήμων ohne Unheil, unbeschädigt (seit Il.); daraus πήμων unheilvoll (Orph.). Denominativum πημαίνω ein Leid zufügen, beschädigen (seit Il.).
Derivative: Daneben die Erweiterungen:πημονή f. ib. (Trag., Vertrag ap. Th. 5, 18), πημοσύνη f. ib. (A. u. E. in anap., Orph.), ἀπημοσύνη f. Leidlosigkeit (Thgn. u.a.) = ἀπημονίη f. (Kall.); vgl. Wyss -σύνη 33 u. 39.
Etymology: Primäres Verbalnomen, im Griech. isoliert. Ein genaues formales Gegenstück kann in aw. pāman- n. Ben. einer Hautkrankheit vorliegen; dazu, nur im Genus abweichend, aind. pāmán- m. Art Hautkrankheit, Krätze. Semantisch viel besser stimmt dazu aind. pāpmán- m. Unheil, Schaden, Leid, das eine Umbildung von pāmán- nach pāpá- schlecht, schlimm, böse zu sein scheint. Weitere Anknüpfungen sind unsicher, s. Mayrhofer s. pāpáḫ und pāmā́ m. weiterer Lit., W.-Hofmann s. paeminōsus (ebenfalls m. Lit.). — Vgl. πηρός und ταλαίπωρος.
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English (Woodhouse)
distress, grief, harm, injury, mischief, misfortune, sorrow, trouble, anything that causes trouble, cause of mischief, mental pain, that which ruins
Mantoulidis Etymological
(=δυστύχημα). Ἀπό τό πάσχω, ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα.
Translations
misery
Assamese: বিলৈ, দুৰ্দশা; Azerbaijani: qada, bəla, dərd, müsibət, fəlakət; Belarusian: няшчасце, бяда, гора; Bulgarian: нещастие, страдание; Catalan: misèria; Chinese Mandarin: 苦難, 苦难, 痛苦, 悲慘, 悲惨, 不幸, 苦痛; Czech: neštěstí, bída, hoře; Danish: elendighed; Dutch: ellende; Early Assamese: বিলাই; Esperanto: mizero; Finnish: kärsimys, surkeus, kurjuus, kurjuus, surkeus; French: misère; Galician: laceira, miseria; Georgian: უბედურება, წვალება, წამება, ტანჯვა, გასაჭირი, გაჭირვება; German: Misere, Elend; Greek: αθλιότης; Ancient Greek: ἀθλιότης, πῆμα; Guaraní: tekoasy; Hausa: uƙuba; Hebrew: אומללות; Ido: mizero; Irish: aimléis, galar; Italian: miseria; Japanese: 悲惨, 苦痛, 惨めさ; Ladino: mizerya; Latin: miseria; Luxembourgish: Misär; Macedonian: несреќа; Malayalam: ദുരിതം; Plautdietsch: Älent, Jauma; Polish: nieszczęście, męka; Portuguese: miséria; Romanian: mizerie; Russian: несчастье, горе, мука, страдание, беда; Sanskrit: दुःख; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: јад, беда; Roman: jad, beda; Slovak: nešťastie, bieda; Slovene: beda, nesreča; Spanish: miseria, sinvivir; Swedish: misär, elände; Ukrainian: нещастя, біда, горе
calamity
Arabic: بَلَاء, بُؤْس, مُصِيبَة; Bulgarian: бедствие; Catalan: calamitat; Chinese Mandarin: 災難, 灾难; Czech: kalamita; Dutch: calamiteit; Esperanto: katastrofo, plago; Finnish: suuronnettomuus; French: calamité; Georgian: უბედურება; German: Unheil, Kalamität; Ancient Greek: περίπτωμα, πῆμα; Hungarian: vész; Ido: kalamitato; Irish: anachain; Italian: calamità; Japanese: 災い, 災難; Korean: 재난; Latin: calamitas; Malayalam: ദുരന്തം; Norwegian: kalamitet; Oromo: balaa; Persian: بلا, مصیبت; Plautdietsch: Onjlekj; Portuguese: calamidade; Romanian: flagel, calamitate, calamități; Russian: катастрофа, бедствие; Spanish: calamidad; Swedish: katastrof, tragedi, olycka; Tagalog: kalamidad; Turkish: bela, musibet; Urdu: آفت; Vietnamese: tai hoạ; Volapük: damifät; Westrobothnian: ofäl
affliction
Armenian: վիշտ; Bulgarian: болка, измъчване, огорчение; Chinese Cantonese: 痛苦; Mandarin: 痛苦; Dutch: lijden, pijn; Esperanto: aflikto; Finnish: kärsimys, tuska; French: affliction, détresse; Galician: anoto; German: Leiden, Behinderung; Gothic: 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐍃, 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰; Greek: συμφορά, βάσανο; Ancient Greek: ἀπόκναισις, ἄχεα, ἄχη, ἀχθηδών, ἄχος, δυηπάθια, δυηπαθίη, δυσπάθεια, δυσπαθία, δυσχέρημα, ἔκθλιψις, ἔτασις, θλῖψις, κακοπάθεια, κακοπαθία, καταπόνησις, λύπη, μέρμηρα, ξυνοχή, πεῖσις, πένθος, πωρητύς, σαββώ, συνοχή, συντριβή, σύντριμμα, συντριμμός, τὰ δύσφορα; Irish: angar, galar, doilíos; Italian: afflizione; Ladino: afrision, afriisyon; Malay: kepayahan; Plautdietsch: Älent; Polish: cierpienie, przypadłość, afekcja; Portuguese: aflição; Russian: страдание, печаль, огорчение, боль, горе, мучение; Serbo-Croatian: patnja, trpljenje; Spanish: aflicción, tribulación, quebranto; Turkish: ızdırap, dert, keder
pain
Abkhaz: ахьаа; Adyghe: узы, уз; Afrikaans: pyn; Albanian: dhembje; Amharic: ጣረሞት; Arabic: أَلَم, وَجَع; Egyptian Arabic: ألم; Armenian: ցավ; Assamese: বিষ; Asturian: dolor; Azerbaijani: ağrı, acı; Bashkir: ауыртыу; Basque: min; Belarusian: боль; Bengali: ব্যথা; Breton: poan; Bulgarian: болка; Burmese: ဝေဒနာ, ဒုက္ခ; Catalan: dolor; Chechen: лазар; Cherokee: ᎠᎩᏟᏱ; Chinese Dungan: тын; Mandarin: 疼痛, 苦痛, 疼, 痛, 痛苦; Chuvash: ырату; Crimean Tatar: ağrı, accı; Czech: bolest; Danish: smerte; Dutch: pijn; Esperanto: doloro; Estonian: valu; Faroese: pína, ilska, verkur, sviði; Finnish: kipu, kärsimys, särky, tuska, piina; French: douleur, mal; Old French: peine, dolor; Friulian: dolôr; Gagauz: aarı; Galician: dor; Georgian: ტკივილი; German: Schmerz; Greek: πόνος; Ancient Greek: ἀγανάκτησις, ἀγγρία, ἄγρις, ἀδιή, ἀετασία, ἆθλος, αἴσθησις, ἀλγηδών, ἀλγηδωνία, ἄλγημα, ἄλγησις, ἄλγις, ἄλγος, ἀνία, ἀνίημα, ἄση, ἄχος, βολή, γαβης, διάπτωσις, δύα, δύη, ἐνόχλησις, ἐπωδυνία, κάματος, λύπη, λύπημα, ὀδύνη, ὀδύνημα, οἰζύς, πένθος, πῆμα, πημονή, πόνος, ταλαιπωρία, τὸ βαρύθυμον; Greenlandic: anniaat; Guaraní: rasy, tasy; Gujarati: પીડા; Hawaiian: ʻeha; Hebrew: כְּאֵב; Hindi: दर्द, पीड़ा, व्यथा; Hungarian: fájdalom, kín; Icelandic: sársauki, verkur; Ido: doloro; Indonesian: sakit, nyeri; Irish: pian; Istriot: dulur; Italian: dolore; Japanese: 痛み, 苦痛; Kannada: ನೋವು, ಬೇನೆ; Kashubian: bòlesc; Kazakh: ауру, жара, сыздау; Khmer: ជំហឺ, ការឈឺចាប់; Komi-Permyak: висьӧм; Korean: 아픔, 통증, 고통; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ئازار, ژان; Northern Kurdish: elem; Kyrgyz: оору; Ladino: dolor, דולור; Lao: ຄວາມເຈັບ; Latgalian: suope; Latin: dolor; Latvian: sāpes; Lithuanian: skausmas, kančia, gėla; Low German: Wehdag, Wehdaag; Luxembourgish: Péng; Macedonian: болка; Malay: sakit; Malayalam: വേദന; Maltese: uġigħ; Maori: mamae; Mongolian: өвчин; Mwani: malwazo; Navajo: diniih; Neapolitan: dulore; Nepali: पीडा; Ngazidja Comorian: ndroso; Northern Altai: аарыг; Norwegian Bokmål: smerte; Nynorsk: smerte; Occitan: dolor; Old Church Slavonic: боль; Old East Slavic: боль; Old English: sār, eċe; Old Occitan: pena, dolor; Old Portuguese: door; Oriya: ପିଠ, କ୍ଳେଶ; Ossetian: рыст, рис; Pali: vedanā; Pashto: درد, دړد; Persian: درد; Pitjantjatjara: pika; Plautdietsch: Wee; Polish: ból; Portuguese: dor; Punjabi: ਦਰਦ, پِیڑ, دَرد, ڈول; Quechua: nanay; Romani: dukh; Romanian: durere, chin; Romansch: dolur, dalur, dolour, dulur; Russian: боль; Rusyn: боль, біль; Sanskrit: पीडा, व्यथा, बाधा; Saterland Frisian: Kwoal; Scottish Gaelic: pian, cràdh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: бол, мука; Roman: bol, muka; Sicilian: duluri, ruluri, diluri, riluri; Sindhi: سور; Sinhalese: වේදනාව; Slovak: bolesť; Slovene: bolečina; Slovincian: bȯ́u̯l; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: ból; Upper Sorbian: ból; Southern Altai: оору, сыс; Spanish: dolor; Swahili: umwa; Swedish: smärta; Tagalog: sakit, pananakit; Tajik: дард; Talysh: داژ; Tamil: வலி, வேதனை, நோவு; Tatar: ачы, авырту, сызлау, авырту; Telugu: నొప్పి; Thai: ความเจ็บ; Tibetan: ཟུག; Tigrinya: ቃንዛ; Tocharian B: lakle; Turkish: acı, ağrı; Turkmen: ajy, agyry; Tuvan: аарыг, аарышкылыы; Ukrainian: біль; Urdu: درد, پیڑا; Uyghur: ئاغرىق, ئەلەم; Uzbek: ogʻriq, alam, dard; Venetian: dolor, dołor; Vietnamese: đau, sự đau đớn; Waray-Waray: ul-ul, su-ol; Welsh: poen, dolur; White Hmong: mob; Wolof: metit; Yakut: ыарыы; Yiddish: ווייטיק, וויי, יסורים, פּײַן, מיחוש, ווייעניש; Yucatec Maya: k'iinam; Zazaki: dej, tew; Zhuang: in, indot, inget
