caelum: Difference between revisions
γέλως τὰ σεμνὰ τοῦ βίου τοῖς σώφροσιν → pompous things in life make men of sound mind laugh (Menander)
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|lshtext=<b>caelum</b>: (cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [[caedo]],<br /><b>I</b> the [[chisel]] or burin of the [[sculptor]] or engraver, a graver: caelata vasa... a [[caelo]] vocata, [[quod]] est [[genus]] ferramenti, quem [[vulgo]] cilionem vocant, Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.<br /><b>caelum</b>: (coelum; cf. [[Aelius]] ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. [[Charis]]. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; | |lshtext=<b>caelum</b>: (cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [[caedo]],<br /><b>I</b> the [[chisel]] or burin of the [[sculptor]] or engraver, a graver: caelata vasa... a [[caelo]] vocata, [[quod]] est [[genus]] ferramenti, quem [[vulgo]] cilionem vocant, Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.<br /><b>caelum</b>: (coelum; cf. [[Aelius]] ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. [[Charis]]. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, [[only]] [[poet]]., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb. ,<br /><b>I</b><br /> v. [[infra]], cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and [[Charis]]. p. 21 P., [[who]] [[consider]] the plur. in gen. as not in [[use]], v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum [[caelum]] esset an innumerabilia, [[nothing]] can be [[positively]] inferred.—Form cael: [[divum]] [[domus]] altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, [[root]] in [[cavus]]; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to [[swell]], be [[hollow]]; Gr. κύω, [[κοῖλος]]>], the [[sky]], [[heaven]], the heavens, the [[vault]] of [[heaven]] (in Lucr [[alone]] [[more]] [[than]] 150 times): hoc [[inde]] [[circum]] supraque, [[quod]] complexu continet terram, id [[quod]] nostri [[caelum]] memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.: [[ante]] [[mare]] et terras et [[quod]] tegit omnia [[caelum]], Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.: [[quis]] [[pariter]] ([[potis]] est) caelos omnīs convortere, Lucr. 2, 1097: [[boat]] [[caelum]] fremitu virum, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26: [[quicquid]] deorum in [[caelo]] regit, Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.: lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de [[caelo]], Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the [[phrase]] de [[caelo]] tangi, to be struck [[with]] [[lightning]], [[Cato]], R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12; so also, e [[caelo]] [[ictus]], Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—<br /> <b>2</b> Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), [[son]] of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; [[father]] of [[Saturn]], Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of [[Vulcan]], id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of [[Mercury]] and the [[first]] [[Venus]], id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—<br /> <b>3</b> In the lang. of [[augury]]: de [[caelo]] servare, to [[observe]] the signs of [[heaven]], Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so, de [[caelo]] fieri, of [[celestial]] signs, to [[appear]], [[occur]], id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—<br /> <b>4</b> Prov.: [[quid]] si [[nunc]] [[caelum]] ruat? of a [[vain]] [[fear]], Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 [[Don]].; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi [[caelo]], to [[drop]] [[down]] from the [[sky]], of [[sudden]] or [[unexpected]] [[good]] [[fortune]], Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. [[caelo]] [[missus]], Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13: decidere de [[caelo]], Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: [[caelum]] ac terras miscere, to [[confound]] [[every]] [[thing]], [[overturn]] all, [[raise]] [[chaos]], Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere [[caelum]] [[aratro]], of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto [[caelo]] errare, to [[err]] [[very]] [[much]], be [[much]] or [[entirely]] [[mistaken]], Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—<br /> <b>5</b> Gen. caeli in a [[pun]] [[with]] Caeli, gen. of [[Caelius]], Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—<br /> <b>6</b> In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is [[very]] freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—<br /><b>II</b> [[Meton]].<br /> <b>A</b> Heaven, in a [[more]] restricted [[sense]]; the [[region]] of [[heaven]], a [[climate]], [[zone]], [[region]]: cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, [[quamvis]] esset [[procul]], mutari lumina putabat, to [[whatever]] [[part]] of the [[horizon]], [[however]] [[distant]], the [[view]] [[was]] obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45: hoc [[caelum]], sub quo [[natus]] educatusque essem, Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62: [[caelum]] non animum mutant, qui [[trans]] [[mare]] currunt, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—<br /> <b>B</b> The [[air]], [[sky]], [[atmosphere]], [[temperature]], [[climate]], [[weather]] ([[very]] freq.): in hoc [[caelo]], qui dicitur aër, Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102: [[caelum]] hoc, in quo [[nubes]], imbres ventique coguntur, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: pingue et concretum [[caelum]], id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.: caell [[intemperies]], Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3; Col. prooem. 1' [[intemperantia]], id. ib. 3: [[spiritus]], Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15: [[gravitas]], id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85: varium caeli morem praediscere, Verg. G. 1, 51: [[varietas]] et [[mutatio]], Col. 11, 2, 1: [[qualitas]], Quint. 5, 9, 15: caeli solique [[clementia]], Flor. 3, 3, 13: subita [[mutatio]], id. 4, 10, 9 al.—With adj.: [[bonum]], [[Cato]], R. R. 1, 2: tenue, Cic. Fat. 4, 7: salubre, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: serenum, Verg. G. 1, 260: palustre, Liv. 22, 2, 11: austerum, Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123: foedum imbribus ac nebulis, Tac. Agr. 12: [[atrox]], Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.: hibernum, Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122: austrinum, id. 16, 26, 46, § 109: Italum, Hor. C. 2, 7, 4: Sabinum, id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.: quae [[sit]] [[hiems]] Veliae, [[quod]] [[caelum]] Salerni, id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —<br /> <b>C</b> Daytime, [[day]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): albente [[caelo]], at [[break]] of [[day]], Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.: [[eodem]] [[die]] albescente [[caelo]], Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1: vesperascente [[caelo]], in the [[evening]] [[twilight]], Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—<br /> <b>D</b> Height: [[mons]] in [[caelum]] attollitur, toward [[heaven]], heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf. Verg.: aequata [[machina]] [[caelo]], Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the [[earth]] or [[upper]] [[world]] in [[opposition]] to the [[lower]] [[world]]: falsa ad [[caelum]] mittunt [[insomnia]] [[Manes]], Verg. A. 6, 896.—<br /> <b>E</b> Heaven, the [[abode]] of the [[happy]] [[dead]], etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.: cum ([[animus]]) exierit et in liberum [[caelum]] [[quasi]] domum suam venerit, Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51: ut non ad mortem trudi, [[verum]] in [[caelum]] videretur escendere, id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—<br /> <b>F</b> Trop, the [[summit]] of [[prosperity]], [[happiness]], [[honor]], etc.: [[Caesar]] in [[caelum]] fertur, Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9: Pisonem ferebat in [[caelum]], praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5: te summis laudibus ad [[caelum]] extulerunt, id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things: omnia, quae [[etiam]] tu in [[caelum]] ferebas, extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5: [[caelo]] [[tenus]] extollere aliquid, Just. 12, 6, 2: in [[caelo]] ponere aliquem, id. ,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem [[caelo]], Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3: Catonem [[caelo]] aequavit, Tac. A. 4, 34: [[caelo]] [[Musa]] [[beat]], Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.: recludere [[caelum]], id. ib. 3, 2, 22; the opp.: collegam de [[caelo]] detraxisti, deprived of his [[exalted]] [[honor]], Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in [[caelo]] [[sum]], I am in [[heaven]], i. e. am [[very]] [[happy]], id. Att. 2, 9, 1: digito [[caelum]] attingere, to be [[extremely]] [[fortunate]], id. ib. 2, 1, 7: [[caelum]] accepisse fatebor, Ov. M. 14, 844: [[tunc]] tangam vertice [[caelum]], Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.: [[caelum]] merere, Sen. Suas. 1 init.—<br /> In gen., a [[vault]], [[arch]], [[covering]]: [[caelum]] camerarum, the [[interior]] [[surface]] of a [[vault]], Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.: capitis, Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134. | ||
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Revision as of 09:23, 13 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
caelum: (cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. caedo,
I the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver: caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant, Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
caelum: (coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb. ,
I
v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. κύω, κοῖλος>], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.: ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum, Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.: quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere, Lucr. 2, 1097: boat caelum fremitu virum, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26: quicquid deorum in caelo regit, Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.: lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo, Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12; so also, e caelo ictus, Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
2 Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
3 In the lang. of augury: de caelo servare, to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so, de caelo fieri, of celestial signs, to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
4 Prov.: quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13: decidere de caelo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
5 Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
6 In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II Meton.
A Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region: cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat, to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45: hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62: caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
B The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.): in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër, Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102: caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: pingue et concretum caelum, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.: caell intemperies, Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3; Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia, id. ib. 3: spiritus, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15: gravitas, id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85: varium caeli morem praediscere, Verg. G. 1, 51: varietas et mutatio, Col. 11, 2, 1: qualitas, Quint. 5, 9, 15: caeli solique clementia, Flor. 3, 3, 13: subita mutatio, id. 4, 10, 9 al.—With adj.: bonum, Cato, R. R. 1, 2: tenue, Cic. Fat. 4, 7: salubre, id. Div. 1, 57, 130: serenum, Verg. G. 1, 260: palustre, Liv. 22, 2, 11: austerum, Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123: foedum imbribus ac nebulis, Tac. Agr. 12: atrox, Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.: hibernum, Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122: austrinum, id. 16, 26, 46, § 109: Italum, Hor. C. 2, 7, 4: Sabinum, id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.: quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni, id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
C Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.: eodem die albescente caelo, Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1: vesperascente caelo, in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
D Height: mons in caelum attollitur, toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf. Verg.: aequata machina caelo, Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world: falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, Verg. A. 6, 896.—
E Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.: cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit, Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51: ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere, id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
F Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.: Caesar in caelum fertur, Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9: Pisonem ferebat in caelum, praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5: te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt, id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things: omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas, extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5: caelo tenus extollere aliquid, Just. 12, 6, 2: in caelo ponere aliquem, id. ,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3: Catonem caelo aequavit, Tac. A. 4, 34: caelo Musa beat, Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.: recludere caelum, id. ib. 3, 2, 22; the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti, deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1: digito caelum attingere, to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7: caelum accepisse fatebor, Ov. M. 14, 844: tunc tangam vertice caelum, Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.: caelum merere, Sen. Suas. 1 init.—
In gen., a vault, arch, covering: caelum camerarum, the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.: capitis, Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.
