caput: Difference between revisions
πέτρην κοιλαίνει ρανὶς ὕδατος ἐνδελεχείῃ → constant dropping wears away a stone, constant dripping will wear away the hardest stone, little strokes fell big oaks, constant dripping wears the stone, constant dropping wears the stone, constant dripping will wear away a stone
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|lshtext=<b>căpŭt</b>: (kăp-căpud), ĭtis (<br /><b>I</b> abl. [[sing]]. [[regularly]] capite: capiti, Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., [[where]] the MSS., as [[well]] as Caes. German. Arat. 213, [[vary]] [[between]] the [[two]] forms), n. kindr. [[with]] Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. κεφ-αλή; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt.<br /><b>I</b> The [[head]], of men and animals: oscitat in campis [[caput]] a cervice revolsum, Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i [[lictor]], conliga [[manus]], [[caput]] obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6: [[tun]]']] capite [[cano]] amas, [[homo]] nequissume? Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so, [[cano]] capite, id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and: capitis nives, Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.: raso capite [[calvus]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306: irraso, id. Rud. 5, 2, 16: intonsum, Quint. 12, 10, 47: amputare alicui, Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9: capite [[operto]], Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34: obvoluto, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz: [[caput]] aperire, id. ib.: abscindere cervicibus, id. ib. 11, 2, 5: demittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503: extollere, to [[become]] [[bold]], Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to [[raise]] one's [[head]], to be [[eminent]], Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—<br /> <b>b</b> Prov.: [[supra]] [[caput]] esse, to be [[over]] one's [[head]], i. e. to be at one's [[very]] doors, to [[threaten]] in [[consequence]] of [[nearness]] ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre ([[like]] [[our]] [[phrase]] to [[put]] heads [[together]], i. e to [[confer]] [[together]] in [[secret]]), Liv. 2, 45, 7: [[ire]] praecipitem in [[lutum]], per caputque pedesque, [[over]] [[head]] and ears, Cat. 17, 9: nec [[caput]] nec [[pedes]], [[neither]] [[beginning]] [[nor]] [[end]], [[good]] for [[nothing]], Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. [[Cato]] ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—<br /> <b>c</b> Capita aut [[navia]] (al. navim), heads or tails, a [[play]] of the Roman [[youth]] in [[which]] a [[piece]] of [[money]] is thrown up, to see [[whether]] the [[figure]]-[[side]] (the [[head]] of [[Janus]]) or the [[reverse]] - [[side]] (a [[ship]]) [[will]] [[fall]] [[uppermost]], Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—<br /> <b>d</b> Poet., the [[head]], as the [[seat]] of the [[understanding]]: aliena negotia Per [[caput]] saliunt, [[run]] [[through]] the [[head]], Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—<br /> <b>e</b> Ad Capita bubula, a [[place]] in [[Rome]] in the [[tenth]] [[region]], [[where]] [[Augustus]] [[was]] [[born]], Suet. Aug. 5.—<br /> <b>2</b> Transf., of [[inanimate]] things.<br /> <b>a</b> In gen., the [[head]], [[top]], [[summit]], [[point]], [[end]], [[extremity]] ([[beginning]] or [[end]]): ulpici, [[Cato]], R. R. 71: allii, Col. 6, 34, 1: porri, id. 11, 3, 17: papaveris, Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437: bulborum, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94: [[caulis]], id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.: jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris), Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.: extorum, Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5: tignorum, Caes. B. C. 2, 9: columnae, Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13: molis, the [[highest]] [[point]] of the [[mole]], Curt. 4, 2, 23: xysti, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20: [[porticus]], id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—<br /> <b>b</b> Esp., of rivers,<br /> <b>(a)</b> The [[origin]], [[source]], [[spring]] ([[head]]): [[caput]] aquae illud est, [[unde]] [[aqua]] nascitur, Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6: fontium, Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> ([[more]] [[rare]]) The [[mouth]], embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—<br /> <b>c</b> Also of plants, [[sometimes]] the [[root]], [[Cato]], R. R. 36; 43; 51: [[vitis]], id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—<br /> <b>d</b> Also, in [[reference]] to the [[vine]], [[vine]] branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.—Poet., also the [[summit]], [[top]] of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —<br /> <b>e</b> Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—<br /> <b>f</b> Of a [[boil]] [[that]] swells [[out]], Cels. 8, 9; [[hence]], facere, to [[come]] to a [[head]], Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—<br /><b>II</b> Per meton. ([[pars]] pro toto), a [[man]], [[person]], or [[animal]] ([[very]] freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]]; cf. [[κάρα]], [[κεφαλή]], , in the [[same]] signif.; v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo [[quantum]] dedit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37: hoc conruptum'st [[caput]], id. Ep. 1, 1, 85: [[siquidem]] hoc vivet [[caput]], i. e. ego, id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25: ridiculum [[caput]]! Ter. And. 2, 2, 34: festivum, id. Ad. 2, 3, 8: lepidum, id. ib. 5, 9, 9: carum, Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: liberum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79: vilia, Liv. 25, 6, 9: viliora, id. 9, 26, 22: vilissima, id. 24, 5, 13: ignota, id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6: liberorum servorumque, id. 29, 29, 3 al.—In imprecations: [[istic]] capiti dicito, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.: vae capiti tuo, id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals: [[capitum]] Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII., souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15: [[quot]] [[capitum]] vivunt, [[totidem]] studiorum Milia, Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in [[distribution]], to or for [[each]] [[person]] (cf. in Heb. also , for [[each]] [[head]], [[poll]], = for [[each]] [[individual]], v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.: in singulos, id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the [[poll]]-[[tax]]: [[exactio]] [[capitum]], Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so, capite censi, v. [[censeo]].—Of animals, Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—<br /><b>III</b> Trop.<br /> <b>1</b> Life, and specif.,<br /> <b>a</b> Physical [[life]]: carum, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26: si capitis res siet, if it is a [[matter]] of [[life]] and [[death]], id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis [[periculum]] adire, to [[risk]] one's [[life]], Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.: capitis [[poena]], [[capital]] [[punishment]], Caes. B. G. 7, 71: [[pactum]] pro capite [[pretium]], Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107: cum altero [[certamen]] honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae, id. ib. 1, 12, 38: cum dimicatione capitis, id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.: suo capite decernere, id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5: [[caput]] offerre pro patriā, Cic. Sull. 30, 84: patrium [[tibi]] crede [[caput]], i. e. patris vitam et salutem, Ov. M. 8, 94; so, capitis accusare, to [[accuse]] of a [[capital]] [[crime]], Nep. Paus. 2 fin.: absolvere, id. Milt. 7, 6: damnare, id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1: [[tergo]] ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55, 14: [[caput]] Jovi [[sacrum]], id. 3, 55, 7: sacratum, id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—<br /> <b>b</b> Civil or [[political]] [[life]], acc. to the Roman [[idea]], including the rights of [[liberty]], [[citizenship]], and [[family]] (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its [[loss]] or [[deprivation]] [[was]] called [[deminutio]] or [[minutio]] capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. [[distinction]]: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria [[enim]] sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by [[servitude]] or condemnation to [[death]]), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum [[vero]] amittimus civitatem (as in the [[interdictio]] aquae et [[ignis]]) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem; cum et [[libertas]] et [[civitas]] retinetur, [[familia]] [[tantum]] mutatur (as by [[adoption]], or, in the [[case]] of women, by [[marriage]]) minimam esse capitis deminutionem [[constat]], Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15: capitis [[minor]], Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: [[servus]] [[manumissus]] capite non minuitur, [[quia]] nulnum [[caput]] habuit, Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the [[deminutio]] media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the [[deminutio]] minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—<br /> <b>2</b> The [[first]] or [[chief]] [[person]] or [[thing]], the [[head]], [[leader]], [[chief]], [[guide]] ([[very]] freq.).<br /> <b>(a)</b> With gen.: scelerum, an [[arrant]] [[knave]], Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54: perjuri, id. ib. 4, 4, 55: concitandorum Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 18, 42: consilil, Liv. 8, 31, 7: conjurationis, id. 9, 26, 7: [[caput]] rei Romanae [[Camillus]], id. 6, 3, 1; cf.: [[caput]] rerum Masinissam fuisse, id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13: reipublicae, Tac. A. 1, 13: nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4: belli, id. 45, 7, 3: Suevorum, chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The [[predicate]] in gen. masc.: capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi, Liv. 10, 1, 3.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With esse and dat.: ego [[caput]] fui argento reperiundo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.: [[illic]] est huic rei [[caput]], [[author]], [[contriver]], Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Absol.: urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab [[illo]] fonte et capite Socrate, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42: corpori valido [[caput]] deerat, [[guide]], [[leader]], Liv. 5, 46, 5: esse aliquod [[caput]] (i. e. regem) placebat, id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, [[head]], [[chief]], [[capital]], etc.; [[thus]] of cities: Thebas [[caput]] fuisse totius Graeciae, [[head]], [[first]] [[city]], Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so [[with]] gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 ([[with]] arx); cf.: pro capite [[atque]] arce Italiae, urbe Romanā, Liv. 22, 32, 5; and [[with]] dat.: Romam [[caput]] Latio esse, id. 8, 4, 5; and: brevi [[caput]] Italiae omni Capuam [[fore]], id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr.—Of [[other]] localities: [[castellum]] [[quod]] [[caput]] ejus regionis erat, the [[head]], [[principal]] [[place]], Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of [[other]] things: jus nigrum, [[quod]] cenae [[caput]] erat, the [[principal]] [[dish]], Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25: patrimonii publici, id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: [[caput]] esse artis, decere, the [[main]] or [[principal]] [[point]], Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132: [[caput]] esse ad [[beate]] vivendum securitatem, id. Lael. 13, 45: ad [[consilium]] de re publicā dandum [[caput]] est nosse rem publicam; ad dicendum [[vero]] [[probabiliter]], nosse [[mores]] civitatis, id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87: litterarum, [[summary]], [[purport]], [[substance]], id. Phil. 2, 31, 77: [[caput]] Epicuri, the [[fundamental]] [[principle]], [[dogma]], id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the [[chief]] or [[central]] [[point]], [[head]], Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a [[division]], [[section]], paragraph, [[chapter]], etc.: a [[primo]] capite legis [[usque]] ad extremum, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32: id [[quod]] [[caput]] est, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of [[money]], the [[principal]] [[sum]], the [[capital]], [[stock]] (syn. [[sors]]; opp. usurae), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al. | |lshtext=<b>căpŭt</b>: (kăp-căpud), ĭtis (<br /><b>I</b> abl. [[sing]]. [[regularly]] capite: capiti, Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., [[where]] the MSS., as [[well]] as Caes. German. Arat. 213, [[vary]] [[between]] the [[two]] forms), n. kindr. [[with]] Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. κεφ-αλή; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt.<br /><b>I</b> The [[head]], of men and animals: oscitat in campis [[caput]] a cervice revolsum, Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i [[lictor]], conliga [[manus]], [[caput]] obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6: [[tun]]']] capite [[cano]] amas, [[homo]] nequissume? Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so, [[cano]] capite, id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and: capitis nives, Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.: raso capite [[calvus]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306: irraso, id. Rud. 5, 2, 16: intonsum, Quint. 12, 10, 47: amputare alicui, Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9: capite [[operto]], Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34: obvoluto, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz: [[caput]] aperire, id. ib.: abscindere cervicibus, id. ib. 11, 2, 5: demittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503: extollere, to [[become]] [[bold]], Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to [[raise]] one's [[head]], to be [[eminent]], Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—<br /> <b>b</b> Prov.: [[supra]] [[caput]] esse, to be [[over]] one's [[head]], i. e. to be at one's [[very]] doors, to [[threaten]] in [[consequence]] of [[nearness]] ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre ([[like]] [[our]] [[phrase]] to [[put]] heads [[together]], i. e to [[confer]] [[together]] in [[secret]]), Liv. 2, 45, 7: [[ire]] praecipitem in [[lutum]], per caputque pedesque, [[over]] [[head]] and ears, Cat. 17, 9: nec [[caput]] nec [[pedes]], [[neither]] [[beginning]] [[nor]] [[end]], [[good]] for [[nothing]], Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. [[Cato]] ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—<br /> <b>c</b> Capita aut [[navia]] (al. navim), heads or tails, a [[play]] of the Roman [[youth]] in [[which]] a [[piece]] of [[money]] is thrown up, to see [[whether]] the [[figure]]-[[side]] (the [[head]] of [[Janus]]) or the [[reverse]] - [[side]] (a [[ship]]) [[will]] [[fall]] [[uppermost]], Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—<br /> <b>d</b> Poet., the [[head]], as the [[seat]] of the [[understanding]]: aliena negotia Per [[caput]] saliunt, [[run]] [[through]] the [[head]], Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—<br /> <b>e</b> Ad Capita bubula, a [[place]] in [[Rome]] in the [[tenth]] [[region]], [[where]] [[Augustus]] [[was]] [[born]], Suet. Aug. 5.—<br /> <b>2</b> Transf., of [[inanimate]] things.<br /> <b>a</b> In gen., the [[head]], [[top]], [[summit]], [[point]], [[end]], [[extremity]] ([[beginning]] or [[end]]): ulpici, [[Cato]], R. R. 71: allii, Col. 6, 34, 1: porri, id. 11, 3, 17: papaveris, Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437: bulborum, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94: [[caulis]], id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.: jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris), Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.: extorum, Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5: tignorum, Caes. B. C. 2, 9: columnae, Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13: molis, the [[highest]] [[point]] of the [[mole]], Curt. 4, 2, 23: xysti, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20: [[porticus]], id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—<br /> <b>b</b> Esp., of rivers,<br /> <b>(a)</b> The [[origin]], [[source]], [[spring]] ([[head]]): [[caput]] aquae illud est, [[unde]] [[aqua]] nascitur, Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6: fontium, Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> ([[more]] [[rare]]) The [[mouth]], embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—<br /> <b>c</b> Also of plants, [[sometimes]] the [[root]], [[Cato]], R. R. 36; 43; 51: [[vitis]], id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—<br /> <b>d</b> Also, in [[reference]] to the [[vine]], [[vine]] branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.—Poet., also the [[summit]], [[top]] of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —<br /> <b>e</b> Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—<br /> <b>f</b> Of a [[boil]] [[that]] swells [[out]], Cels. 8, 9; [[hence]], facere, to [[come]] to a [[head]], Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—<br /><b>II</b> Per meton. ([[pars]] pro toto), a [[man]], [[person]], or [[animal]] ([[very]] freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]]; cf. [[κάρα]], [[κεφαλή]], , in the [[same]] signif.; v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo [[quantum]] dedit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37: hoc conruptum'st [[caput]], id. Ep. 1, 1, 85: [[siquidem]] hoc vivet [[caput]], i. e. ego, id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25: ridiculum [[caput]]! Ter. And. 2, 2, 34: festivum, id. Ad. 2, 3, 8: lepidum, id. ib. 5, 9, 9: carum, Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: liberum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79: vilia, Liv. 25, 6, 9: viliora, id. 9, 26, 22: vilissima, id. 24, 5, 13: ignota, id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6: liberorum servorumque, id. 29, 29, 3 al.—In imprecations: [[istic]] capiti dicito, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.: vae capiti tuo, id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals: [[capitum]] Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII., souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15: [[quot]] [[capitum]] vivunt, [[totidem]] studiorum Milia, Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in [[distribution]], to or for [[each]] [[person]] (cf. in Heb. also , for [[each]] [[head]], [[poll]], = for [[each]] [[individual]], v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.: in singulos, id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the [[poll]]-[[tax]]: [[exactio]] [[capitum]], Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so, capite censi, v. [[censeo]].—Of animals, Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—<br /><b>III</b> Trop.<br /> <b>1</b> Life, and specif.,<br /> <b>a</b> Physical [[life]]: carum, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26: si capitis res siet, if it is a [[matter]] of [[life]] and [[death]], id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis [[periculum]] adire, to [[risk]] one's [[life]], Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.: capitis [[poena]], [[capital]] [[punishment]], Caes. B. G. 7, 71: [[pactum]] pro capite [[pretium]], Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107: cum altero [[certamen]] honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae, id. ib. 1, 12, 38: cum dimicatione capitis, id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.: suo capite decernere, id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5: [[caput]] offerre pro patriā, Cic. Sull. 30, 84: patrium [[tibi]] crede [[caput]], i. e. patris vitam et salutem, Ov. M. 8, 94; so, capitis accusare, to [[accuse]] of a [[capital]] [[crime]], Nep. Paus. 2 fin.: absolvere, id. Milt. 7, 6: damnare, id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1: [[tergo]] ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55, 14: [[caput]] Jovi [[sacrum]], id. 3, 55, 7: sacratum, id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—<br /> <b>b</b> Civil or [[political]] [[life]], acc. to the Roman [[idea]], including the rights of [[liberty]], [[citizenship]], and [[family]] (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its [[loss]] or [[deprivation]] [[was]] called [[deminutio]] or [[minutio]] capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. [[distinction]]: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria [[enim]] sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by [[servitude]] or condemnation to [[death]]), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum [[vero]] amittimus civitatem (as in the [[interdictio]] aquae et [[ignis]]) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem; cum et [[libertas]] et [[civitas]] retinetur, [[familia]] [[tantum]] mutatur (as by [[adoption]], or, in the [[case]] of women, by [[marriage]]) minimam esse capitis deminutionem [[constat]], Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15: capitis [[minor]], Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: [[servus]] [[manumissus]] capite non minuitur, [[quia]] nulnum [[caput]] habuit, Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the [[deminutio]] media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the [[deminutio]] minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—<br /> <b>2</b> The [[first]] or [[chief]] [[person]] or [[thing]], the [[head]], [[leader]], [[chief]], [[guide]] ([[very]] freq.).<br /> <b>(a)</b> With gen.: scelerum, an [[arrant]] [[knave]], Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54: perjuri, id. ib. 4, 4, 55: concitandorum Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 18, 42: consilil, Liv. 8, 31, 7: conjurationis, id. 9, 26, 7: [[caput]] rei Romanae [[Camillus]], id. 6, 3, 1; cf.: [[caput]] rerum Masinissam fuisse, id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13: reipublicae, Tac. A. 1, 13: nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4: belli, id. 45, 7, 3: Suevorum, chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The [[predicate]] in gen. masc.: capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi, Liv. 10, 1, 3.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With esse and dat.: ego [[caput]] fui argento reperiundo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.: [[illic]] est huic rei [[caput]], [[author]], [[contriver]], Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Absol.: urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab [[illo]] fonte et capite Socrate, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42: corpori valido [[caput]] deerat, [[guide]], [[leader]], Liv. 5, 46, 5: esse aliquod [[caput]] (i. e. regem) placebat, id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, [[head]], [[chief]], [[capital]], etc.; [[thus]] of cities: Thebas [[caput]] fuisse totius Graeciae, [[head]], [[first]] [[city]], Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so [[with]] gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 ([[with]] arx); cf.: pro capite [[atque]] arce Italiae, urbe Romanā, Liv. 22, 32, 5; and [[with]] dat.: Romam [[caput]] Latio esse, id. 8, 4, 5; and: brevi [[caput]] Italiae omni Capuam [[fore]], id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr.—Of [[other]] localities: [[castellum]] [[quod]] [[caput]] ejus regionis erat, the [[head]], [[principal]] [[place]], Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of [[other]] things: jus nigrum, [[quod]] cenae [[caput]] erat, the [[principal]] [[dish]], Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25: patrimonii publici, id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: [[caput]] esse artis, decere, the [[main]] or [[principal]] [[point]], Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132: [[caput]] esse ad [[beate]] vivendum securitatem, id. Lael. 13, 45: ad [[consilium]] de re publicā dandum [[caput]] est nosse rem publicam; ad dicendum [[vero]] [[probabiliter]], nosse [[mores]] civitatis, id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87: litterarum, [[summary]], [[purport]], [[substance]], id. Phil. 2, 31, 77: [[caput]] Epicuri, the [[fundamental]] [[principle]], [[dogma]], id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the [[chief]] or [[central]] [[point]], [[head]], Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a [[division]], [[section]], paragraph, [[chapter]], etc.: a [[primo]] capite legis [[usque]] ad extremum, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32: id [[quod]] [[caput]] est, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of [[money]], the [[principal]] [[sum]], the [[capital]], [[stock]] (syn. [[sors]]; opp. usurae), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al. | ||
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|gf=<b>căpŭt</b>,⁶ ĭtis, n.,<br /><b>1</b> tête d’homme ou d’[[animal]] : tutari [[caput]] et cervices et [[jugulum]] ac latera Cic. Sest. 90, mettre à couvert la tête, le cou, la gorge et les flancs ; [[belua]] multorum es [[capitum]] Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76, tu es un monstre aux cent têtes || capite [[operto]] Cic. CM 34 ; obvoluto Cic. Phil. 2, 77 ; [[involuto]] Cic. Pis. 13 ; [[velato]] Cic. Nat. 2, 10, la tête couverte, enveloppée, voilée ; [[caput]] aperuit Cic. Phil. 2, 77, il se découvrit la tête ; capite et superciliis [[semper]] [[rasis]] Cic. Amer. 20, avec la tête et les sourcils toujours rasés ; [[caput]] dolet Pl. Amph. 1059, j’ai mal à la tête ; [[caput]] quassare Virg. En. 7, 292, secouer la tête ; [[caput]] deponere Pl. Curc. 360 ; ponere Virg. En. 5, 845, laisser reposer sa tête [pour dormir]; [[caput]] efferre Virg. G. 3, 553 ; attollere Liv. 6, 18, 14, lever [[haut]] la tête, redresser la tête [mais duris [[caput]] extulit arvis Virg. G. 2, 341, éleva sa tête (apparut) sur les dures campagnes]; capite demisso Cic. Domo 83 ; demisso capite Cic. Clu. 58, la tête baissée || capita conferre Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 31, rapprocher les têtes = se rapprocher pour conférer, se concerter, cf. de Or. 2, 223 ; Liv. 2, 45, 7 || [[caput]] abscidere Cic. Phil. 11, 5 ; præcidere Cic. Tusc. 5, 55, couper la tête (cædere Ov. F. 3, 339 ; decidere Curt. 7, 2, 32 ; Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 3 ) || capite in [[terra]] statuerem (man. A ) Ter. Ad. 316, je le planterais debout par la tête sur le [[sol]] = je lui ferais donner de la tête par terre ; ([[nec]] quisquamst) [[quin]] cadat, [[quin]] capite sistat in [[via]] de [[semita]] Pl. Curc. 287, (il n’y a personne) qui ne s’étale, qui ne donne de la tête sur la route hors de mon chemin ; [fig.] capite agere ([[aliquid]]) Sen. Ben. 6, 1, 1, chasser par la tête = jeter dehors la tête la première = rejeter sans ménagement ; [[pronus]] volvitur in [[caput]] Virg. En. 1, 116, il roule la tête en avant || [expr. prov.] : in capite [[atque]] in cervicibus nostris restiterunt Cic. Mur. 79, ils sont restés sur [[nos]] têtes et sur [[nos]] nuques = ils sont restés pour nous une menace imminente ; [[ecce]] [[supra]] [[caput]] [[homo]] [[levis]] ac [[sordidus]] Cic. Q. 1, 2, 6, voici sur notre [[dos]] un adversaire sans importance et misérable ; [[dux]] hostium cum exercitu [[supra]] [[caput]] [[est]] Sall. C. 52, 24, le chef des ennemis avec son armée suspend sa menace sur [[nos]] têtes, cf. Virg. En. 4, 702 ; Liv. 2, 17, 2 ; [[nec]] [[caput]] [[nec]] [[pes]] sermonis apparet Pl. As. 729, ces [[propos]] ne laissent voir ni pied ni tête, ni commencement ni fin, cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2 ; ut [[nec]] [[pes]] [[nec]] [[caput]] [[uni]] reddatur formæ Hor. P. 8, en sorte que ni la fin ni le commencement ne se rapportent à un ensemble unique que les parties ne forment pas un tout harmonieux] ; capita [[aut]] [[navia]] ! Macr. Sat. 1, 7, 22, tête ou navire ! (cf. pile ou [[face]] !) [les pièces portant d’un côté la tête d’un dieu, de l’autre un navire] ; [[ire]] præcipitem in [[lutum]] [[per]] [[caput]] pedesque Catul. 17, 9, tomber dans la boue tout du long, de la tête aux pieds<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] [[caput]] jecoris Cic. Div. 2, 32, ou extorum Plin. 11, 189, ou [[caput]] seul Ov. M. 15, 795, tête du foie || tête, extrémité, pointe : intonsa cælo attollunt capita ([[quercus]]) Virg. En. 9, 679, (les chênes) élèvent vers le ciel leurs têtes chevelues || capita [[vitium]] [[Cato]] Agr. 33, 1, ou [[caput]] [[vitis]] [[Cato]] Agr. 41, 4 ; 95, 2, racines de la vigne ( Virg. G. 2, 355 ) ; [racines d’arbres] [[Cato]] Agr. 36, 1 ; [d’oliviers] [[Cato]] Agr. 43, 2 ; [mais aussi] cep de vigne : Col. Rust. 3, 10, 1 ; Cic. CM 53 || castellis duobus ad capita positis (pontem) [[reliqui]] Planc. d. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4, j’ai laissé le pont, après avoir établi à la tête deux redoutes ; [[opera]] in capite [[molis]] posita Curt. 4, 3, 3, ouvrages construits à l’extrémité de la jetée ; capita tignorum Cæs. C. 2, 9, 1, les extrémités des poutres ; (tetendit [[cornu]]) [[donec]] curvata coirent [[inter]] se capita Virg. En. 11, 861, (elle tendit son arc) jusqu’à ce que les deux extrémités courbées se rejoignissent || [[Atlantis]] piniferum [[caput]] Virg. En. 4, 249, la tête de l’[[Atlas]] couronnée de pins ; prensans uncis manibus capita aspera [[montis]] Virg. En. 6, 360, s’accrochant avec les ongles aux têtes rocheuses (aux aspérités proéminentes) de la rive escarpée || ad [[caput]] [[amnis]] Virg. G. 4, 319, près de la source du fleuve, cf. Hor. O. 1, 1, 22 ; Liv. 1, 51, 9 ; [mais multis capitibus in Oceanum influit ([[Rhenus]]) Cæs. G. 4, 10, 5, (le Rhin) se jette dans l’Océan par plusieurs bouches (embouchures) ; de même Hor. S. 1, 10, 37 ; Liv. 33, 41, 7 ] ; [fig.] source, origine : legum fontes et capita Cic. de Or. 1, 195, source et origine des lois, cf. Planc. 28 ; de Or. 1, 42 ; Tusc. 4, 83 ; [[nonne]] his vestigiis ad [[caput]] malefici perveniri solet ? Cic. Amer. 74, n’[[est]]-ce pas en suivant ces traces qu’on arrive à la source (au point de départ) du crime ? [[alte]] et, ut [[oportet]], a capite repetis [[quod]] quærimus Cic. Leg. 1, 18, tu reprends de [[haut]] et, comme il convient, à sa source la question que nous traitons, cf. Top. 39 ; Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4 ; cum se ad [[idem]] [[caput]] rettulerunt Cic. Tim. 33, quand ils [les astres] se sont ramenés au même point de départ<br /><b>3</b> tête = la personne entière, personne, individu, homme : o lepidum [[caput]] ! Pl. Mil. 725, ô l’aimable homme ! [[desiderium]] [[tam]] cari capitis Hor. O. 1, 24, 2, le regret d’une tête si chère ; [[duo]] hæc capita [[nata]] sunt [[post]] homines natos tæterrima, [[Dolabella]] et [[Antonius]] Cic. Phil. 11, 1, ces deux têtes sont nées (ces deux individus sont nés) pour être depuis la naissance des hommes les [[plus]] infâmes qu’on connaisse, [[Dolabella]] et Antoine ; [[capitum]] Helvetiorum [[milia]] CCLXIII Cæs. G. 1, 29, 2, deux cent soixante trois [[mille]] Helvètes ; ex reliquis captivis toto exercitui capita [[singula]] distribuit Cæs. G. 7, 89, 5, il répartit le reste des captifs entre toute l’armée, à raison d’une tête (d’un) par soldat ; sesquimodios frumenti [[populo]] Romano in capita describere Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 215, distribuer au peuple romain un boisseau et demi de blé par tête ; [[quot]] [[capitum]] vivunt, [[totidem]] studiorum [[milia]] Hor. S. 2, 1, 27, autant de milliers d’êtres vivants, autant de goûts || [[eos]], qui [[aut]] [[non]] [[plus]] [[mille]] quingentos æris [[aut]] [[omnino]] [[nihil]] in suum [[censura]] præter [[caput]] attulissent, proletarios nominavit Cic. Rep. 2, 40, ceux qui n’avaient déclaré au recensement comme propriété pas [[plus]] de quinze cents as ou même [[rien]] d’autre que leur personne, il les appela les prolétaires || capite censeri, n’être recensé que pour sa personne ; les capite censi n’appartiennent à aucune des cinq classes établies par [[Servius]] [[Tullius]] ; ils ne paient pas de cens et ne font pas de service militaire ; P. Fest. 226 confond le [[proletarius]] et le capite [[census]], mais Gell. 16, 10, 10 d’après [[Julius]] [[Paulus]] les distingue : Sall. J. 86, 2 ; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1 ; 7, 6, 1 ; Gell. 16, 10, 11 ; 16, 10, 14 || [expressions] : capiti vostro [[istuc]] [[quidem]] Pl. Pœn. 645, c’[[est]] à vous bien sûr que ton mot s’applique, cf. Truc. 819 ; Ter. Phorm. 491 ; [[multa]] [[mala]] [[eum]] dixisse ; [[suo]] capiti, ut aiunt Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1, [j’ai appris] qu’il avait tenu une foule de mauvais [[propos]] ; c’[[est]] sur lui-même qu’ils retombent, comme on dit, cf. Cæl. d. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4<br /><b>4</b> tête = vie, existence : si prædonibus [[pactum]] [[pro]] capite [[pretium]] [[non]] attuleris Cic. Off. 3, 107, si tu n’apportes pas à des pirates le prix convenu pour ta vie [pour ta rançon]; capitis pœnam iis, qui [[non]] paruerint, constituit Cæs. G. 7, 71, 6, il décide que seront punis de mort ceux qui n’auront pas obéi ; eorum omnium capita regi Cotto vendidisti Cic. Pis. 44, tu as vendu leurs têtes à tous au roi [[Cottus]] || [en justice] soit personnalité civile, soit existence même ; un jugement [[capital]] = un jugement qui entraîne suivant le chef d’accusation, soit la peine de mort, soit l’exil accompagné généralement de l’interdiction de l’eau et du feu ou encore la qualification d’[[homo]] [[sacer]] : pœna capitis Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 85, peine de mort ; [[causa]] de ordine, de civitate, de libertate, de capite hominis Cic. de Or. 1, 182, une affaire où il s’agit du rang, du droit de cité, de la liberté, de l’existence civile tout entière d’un homme ; [[causa]] capitis Cic. Quinct. 32 ; Br. 47 ; de Or. 3, 211, etc., cause [[capitale]] ; de capite alicujus judicare Cic. Quinct. 44 ; Verr. 2, 2, 33 ; Rab. perd. 12, etc., prononcer le jugement dans une affaire [[capitale]] concernant qqn ; ut de [[suo]] capite [[judicium]] fieri patiatur Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 135, en sorte qu’il se laisse poursuivre pour crime [[capital]] ; [[judicium]] capitis Cic. Planc. 31 ; de Or. 1, 231 ; Br. 136, etc., procès [[capital]] ; capitis aliquem arcessere Cic. Dej. 30, intenter à qqn une action [[capitale]] ; [[reus]] capitis Cic. Dej. 11, accusé d’un crime [[capital]] ; capitis [[absolutus]] [[pecunia]] multatus [[est]] Nep. Milt. 7, 6, sauvé de la peine de mort, il fut frappé d’une amende pécuniaire || [en part., chez les juriscons.] état de la personne, comprenant trois éléments essentiels : [[libertas]], la liberté ; [[civitas]], la cité ; [[familia]], la famille ; d’où il résulte que l’individu [[compte]] parmi les hommes libres, au rang des citoyens, au sein d’une famille ; capitis [[deminutio]], v. [[deminutio]] ; [[virgo]] Vestalis [[sine]] emancipatione ac [[sine]] capitis minutione e patris potestate exit Gell. 1, 12, 9, la vierge Vestale sort de la puissance paternelle sans émancipation et sans perdre sa personnalité juridique [= ses droits de famille] || [sens [[large]] : [[caput]] [[aut]] [[existimatio]] alicujus Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 173, la personnalité civile ou la considération de qqn<br /><b>5</b> tête, personnage principal ; [[caput]] [[est]] omnium Græcorum concitandorum Cic. Fl. 42, il [[est]] l’âme du soulèvement de tous ces Grecs ; qui capita conjurationis fuerant Liv. 8, 19, 13, ceux qui avaient été les chefs de la conjuration ; [[caput]] partis [[ejus]] Lucanorum Liv. 25, 16, 5, à la tête de ce [[parti]] des Lucaniens || [en part.] : qui capita rerum sunt Liv. 5, 27, 4 ; 26, 16, 5 ; 26, 40, 13, ceux qui sont à la tête des affaires, les principaux citoyens ; cum [[caput]] rerum in omni hostium equitatu Masinissam fuisse sciret Liv. 28, 35, 12, sachant que [[Masinissa]] avait joué au milieu de toute la cavalerie ennemie un rôle prépondérant ; ([[fama]] adfertur) [[caput]] rerum Antiates [[esse]] Liv. 4, 56, 5, (le bruit vient) que les Antiates sont à la tête du mouvement<br /><b>6</b> [en parl. de choses] partie principale, [[capitale]] : id [[quod]] [[caput]] [[est]] Cic. Pis. 47 ; Mil. 53, etc., ce qui [[est]] le point [[capital]], essentiel ; [[hoc]] [[esse]] [[vis]] [[caput]] defensionis tuæ, magno te decimas vendidisse Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 148, tu veux que la partie principale de ta défense soit d’avoir vendu les dîmes à [[haut]] prix ; [[quod]] cenæ [[caput]] erat Cic. Tusc. 5, 98, ce qui était l’essentiel du repas ; [[caput]] arbitrabatur [[esse]] oratoris, ut [[talis]].... videretur Cic. de Or. 1, 87, l’essentiel, à son [[avis]], pour un orateur, était de se montrer tel... || [[caput]] [[est]], ut quæramus Cic. Inv. 2, 175 (Fam. 4, 9, 4, etc.), l’essentiel [[est]] que nous cherchions... ; [[caput]] [[est]] in omni procuratione muneris publici, ut avaritiæ pellatur [[etiam]] minima [[suspicio]] Cic. Off. 2, 75, un point [[capital]] dans toute gestion d’une fonction publique, c’[[est]] d’éloigner jusqu’au [[plus]] léger soupçon d’avidité ; [[caput]] [[est]] [[quam]] [[plurimum]] scribere Cic. de Or. 1, 150, l’exercice fondamental, c’[[est]] d’écrire le [[plus]] possible ; ad [[consilium]] de re publica dandum [[caput]] [[est]] [[nosse]] rem publicam Cic. de Or. 2, 337, pour donner un [[avis]] sur les affaires publiques, il [[est]] [[capital]] de connaître les affaires publiques<br /><b>7</b> [en parl. d’écrits] point [[capital]] : [[quattuor]] sunt capita quæ concludant [[nihil]] [[esse]] [[quod]] nosci, percipi, comprehendi possit Cic. Ac. 2, 83, il y a quatre points principaux dans l’argumentation pour aboutir à la conclusion qu’on ne peut [[rien]] connaître, percevoir, saisir de façon certaine ; ex [[uno]] Epicuri capite Cic. Ac. 2, 101, à la suite d’un principe posé par Épicure || chapitre, paragraphe : in [[illo]] capite Anniano de mulierum hereditatibus Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 118, dans ce chapitre de l’édit relatif à [[Annius]] touchant les hérédités de femmes ; a [[primo]] capite [[legis]] [[usque]] ad [[extremum]] Cic. Agr. 2, 15, depuis le premier paragraphe de la loi jusqu’au dernier, cf. 2, 16 ; 2, 39 ; Leg. 2, 62, etc. ; [[quod]] ex quibusdam capitibus expositis [[nec]] explicatis intellegi potest Cic. Br. 164, cela peut se constater d’après certains paragraphes indiqués en sommaires, mais [[non]] développés || paragraphe d’une lettre : Att. 9, 13, 8 ; Fam. 3, 8, 2 || chapitre d’un livre : Leg. 1, 21 ; Fam. 7, 22<br /><b>8</b> lieu principal, [[capitale]] : [[templum]] consilii publici, [[caput]] urbis Cic. Mil. 90, le temple du conseil public, le chef-lieu de la ville (= la curie); ([[Erana]]) Amani [[caput]] Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8, ([[Erana]]) [[capitale]] du mont [[Amanus]] ; ([[Antium]]) [[caput]] Volscorum Liv. 6, 9, 1, ([[Antium]]) [[capitale]] des Volsques<br /><b>9</b> [en parl. d’argent] somme [[capitale]], somme principale : Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11 ; 3, 77 ; etc.; de [[illo]] Tulliano capite [[libere]] loquere Cic. Att. 15, 26, 4, tu parleras hardiment de ce principal dû par [[Tullius]] ; de capite deducite, [[quod]] usuris pernumeratum [[est]] Liv. 6, 15, 10, déduisez (retranchez) du [[capital]] ce qui a été payé jusqu’ici pour les intérêts<br /><b>10</b> [en gramm.] forme principale d’un mot, le nominatif : [[Varro]] L. 9, 79 ; 9, 89 ; 9, 90, etc. || la 1<sup>re</sup> pers. du prés. [[indic]]. : [[Varro]] L. 9, 102 ; 9, 103. orth. [[kaput]] Vel. Gramm. 7, 53, 7 ; CIL 14, 2112, 1, 10, etc. ; capud CIL 7, 897 || abl. capiti Virg. En. 7, 668 ; Catul. 68, 124. | |||
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Revision as of 06:39, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
căpŭt: (kăp-căpud), ĭtis (
I abl. sing. regularly capite: capiti, Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. κεφ-αλή; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt.
I The head, of men and animals: oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum, Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6: tun']] capite cano amas, homo nequissume? Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so, cano capite, id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and: capitis nives, Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.: raso capite calvus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306: irraso, id. Rud. 5, 2, 16: intonsum, Quint. 12, 10, 47: amputare alicui, Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9: capite operto, Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34: obvoluto, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz: caput aperire, id. ib.: abscindere cervicibus, id. ib. 11, 2, 5: demittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503: extollere, to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one's head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
b Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one's head, i. e. to be at one's very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7: ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque, over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9: nec caput nec pedes, neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
c Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
d Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
e Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
2 Transf., of inanimate things.
a In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end): ulpici, Cato, R. R. 71: allii, Col. 6, 34, 1: porri, id. 11, 3, 17: papaveris, Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437: bulborum, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94: caulis, id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.: jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris), Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.: extorum, Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5: tignorum, Caes. B. C. 2, 9: columnae, Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13: molis, the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23: xysti, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20: porticus, id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
b Esp., of rivers,
(a) The origin, source, spring (head): caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur, Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6: fontium, Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
(b) (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
c Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51: vitis, id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
d Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.—Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
e Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
f Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9; hence, facere, to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
II Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. κάρα, κεφαλή, , in the same signif.; v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37: hoc conruptum'st caput, id. Ep. 1, 1, 85: siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego, id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25: ridiculum caput! Ter. And. 2, 2, 34: festivum, id. Ad. 2, 3, 8: lepidum, id. ib. 5, 9, 9: carum, Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: liberum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79: vilia, Liv. 25, 6, 9: viliora, id. 9, 26, 22: vilissima, id. 24, 5, 13: ignota, id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6: liberorum servorumque, id. 29, 29, 3 al.—In imprecations: istic capiti dicito, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.: vae capiti tuo, id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII., souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15: quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia, Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also , for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.: in singulos, id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax: exactio capitum, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so, capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals, Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
III Trop.
1 Life, and specif.,
a Physical life: carum, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26: si capitis res siet, if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one's life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.: capitis poena, capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71: pactum pro capite pretium, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107: cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae, id. ib. 1, 12, 38: cum dimicatione capitis, id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.: suo capite decernere, id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5: caput offerre pro patriā, Cic. Sull. 30, 84: patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem, Ov. M. 8, 94; so, capitis accusare, to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.: absolvere, id. Milt. 7, 6: damnare, id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1: tergo ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55, 14: caput Jovi sacrum, id. 3, 55, 7: sacratum, id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
b Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem; cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat, Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15: capitis minor, Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit, Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
2 The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).
(a) With gen.: scelerum, an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54: perjuri, id. ib. 4, 4, 55: concitandorum Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 18, 42: consilil, Liv. 8, 31, 7: conjurationis, id. 9, 26, 7: caput rei Romanae Camillus, id. 6, 3, 1; cf.: caput rerum Masinissam fuisse, id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13: reipublicae, Tac. A. 1, 13: nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4: belli, id. 45, 7, 3: Suevorum, chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.: capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi, Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
(b) With esse and dat.: ego caput fui argento reperiundo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.: illic est huic rei caput, author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
(g) Absol.: urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42: corpori valido caput deerat, guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5: esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat, id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.; thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae, head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.: pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā, Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.: Romam caput Latio esse, id. 8, 4, 5; and: brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore, id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr.—Of other localities: castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat, the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things: jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat, the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25: patrimonii publici, id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132: caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem, id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam; ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis, id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87: litterarum, summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77: caput Epicuri, the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.: a primo capite legis usque ad extremum, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32: id quod caput est, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors; opp. usurae), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
căpŭt,⁶ ĭtis, n.,
1 tête d’homme ou d’animal : tutari caput et cervices et jugulum ac latera Cic. Sest. 90, mettre à couvert la tête, le cou, la gorge et les flancs ; belua multorum es capitum Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76, tu es un monstre aux cent têtes
