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|trtx=Abkhaz: амгьал, ача; Adyghe: хьэлэгъу, хьалыгъу; Afar: gaqambo; Afrikaans: brood; Ainu: パン, ヘリェバ; Akkadian: 𒃻lu/); Albanian: bukë; Alutiiq: kelipaq; Ambonese Malay: roti; Amharic: ዳቦ; Arabic: خُبْز; Algerian Arabic: اغروم; Egyptian Arabic: عيش; Hijazi Arabic: خُبز, عيش; Moroccan Arabic: خبز, قرص; North Levantine Arabic: خِبِز; Iraqi Arabic: صمّون; Aragonese: pan; Aramaic Hebrew: לחמא; Syriac: ܠܚܡܐ; Armenian: հաց; Aromanian: pãni, pãne; Asturian: pan; Azerbaijani: çörək; Baluchi: نان, نگن; Bashkir: икмәк; Basque: ogi; Bats: მაჲჴი̆; Bavarian: Brod, Loawe; Belarusian: хлеб; Bengali: রুটি; Bikol Central: tinapay; Breton: bara; Budukh: фу; Bulgarian: хляб; Burmese: ပေါင်မုန့်; Catalan: pa; Cebuano: tinapay; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ; Chechen: бепиг; Cherokee: ᎦᏚ; Chichewa: buledi; Chickasaw: paska; Chinese Cantonese: 麵包, 面包, 包; Dungan: мәмә; Mandarin: 麵包, 面包; Chuvash: ҫӑкӑр, тырӑ; Classical Nahuatl: tlaxcalli, Caxtīllān tlaxcalli; Coptic: ⲟⲉⲓⲕ; Cornish: bara; Cree: ᐱᓷᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ; Crimean Tatar: ötmek; Czech: chléb, chleba; Dalmatian: pun, puan, pen; Danish: brød; Dutch: brood; Elfdalian: bröð; Esperanto: pano; Estonian: leib; Ewe: abolo; Farefare: pãanɛ, borborɩ; Faroese: breyð; Fijian: madrai; Finnish: leipä; French: pain; Friulian: pan; Fula Adlam: 𞤥𞥋𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤵; Latin: mburu; Galician: pan, broa; Georgian: პური; German: [[Brot]]; Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃; Greek: [[ψωμί]], [[άρτος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἄρτος]], [[σῖτος]]; Greenlandic: iffiaq; Guaraní: mbupaje; Gujarati: રોટલી; Haitian Creole: pen; Hawaiian: palaoa; Hebrew: לֶחֶם; Hindi: रोटी, नान, ब्रेड; Hittite: 𒉒; Hungarian: kenyér; Hunzib: баба; Icelandic: brauð; Ido: pano; Indonesian: roti; Interlingua: pan; Inuktitut: ᕿᖂᔭᖅ; Irish: arán; Old Irish: arán, bairgen; Istriot: pan; Italian: pane; Japanese: パン; Javanese: roti; Jingpho: muk; Kabardian: щӏакхъуэ; Kalenjin: maghatiat; Kalmyk: өдмг; Kannada: ಬ್ರೆಡ್, ರೊಟ್ಟಿ; Kapampangan: tinape; Karachay-Balkar: ётмек, ётме, гыржын; Karipúna Creole French: djipẽ; Kashubian: chléb; Kazakh: нан; Khinalug: баба; Khmer: នំប៉័ង, នំប៉ុង; Kikuyu: mũgate; Komi-Permyak: нянь; Korean: 빵; Korlai Creole Portuguese: pãw; Kurdish Central Kurdish: نان; Northern Kurdish: nan; Kyrgyz: нан, тамак, ар, оокат, азык, камсыздандырылуу; Laki: نان; Lao: ຂນົມປັງ, ເຂົ້າຈີ່, ປັງ; Latgalian: maize; Latin: [[panis]]; Latvian: maize; Lezgi: фу; Limburgish: wegk; Lithuanian: duona; Lombard: pan; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: stoet; German Low German: Braud; Brod, Broot, [[Brot]]; Luhya: kumkate, ekeki; Luwian: 𒉒; Luxembourgish: Brout; Lü: ᦶᦖᧃᧈᦗᧁᧈ, ᦃᧁᧉᦓᦳᧄᦔᧂ, ᦃᧁᧉᦶᦖᧃᧈᦗᧁᧈ; Macedonian: леб; Malagasy: mofo, dipaina; Malay: roti; Malayalam: റൊട്ടി, അപൂപം; Maltese: ħobż; Manx: arran; Maori: parāoa; Marathi: रोटी, भाकरी, पाव; Massachusett: petukqunneg; Middle English: bred; Mongolian: талх, ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠣᠤ миянбуу; Munsee: ăpwáan; Mwani: nkate; Mòcheno: proat; Navajo: bááh; Neapolitan: ppane; Nenets: нянь; Nepali: रोटी; Ngazidja Comorian: mkatre; Nogai: оьтпек; Norman: pain, pôin; North Frisian: Bruar; Northern Altai: эдме́г; Northern Norwegian: brød; Occitan: pan; Ojibwe: bakwezhigan; Old Church Slavonic: хлѣбъ; Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ; Old English: hlāf; Old Norse: brauð; Ossetian: дзул; Ottoman Turkish: اكمك, چورك, نان, خبز; Pashto: ډوډۍ; Persian: نان, نون, چرک, چورک; Middle Persian: 𐭭𐭠𐭭; Phrygian: [[βέκος]], [[βεκός]]; Piedmontese: pan, pane; Plains Cree: ᐅᐦᐱᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ, ᐸᐦᑵᓯᑲᐣ, ᐲᓷᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ; Plautdietsch: Broot; Polabian: sťaibä; Polish: chleb; Portuguese: pão; Punjabi: ਰੋਟੀ; Quechua: t'anta, tanta; Rapa Nui: haraoa; Romani: manro; Romanian: pâine, pâne; Romansch: paun; Russian: хлеб; Rusyn: хлїб; Sami Inari: leibi; Lule: láibbe; Northern: láibi; Pite: lajjbe; Skolt: leiˊbb; Southern: laejpie; Ume: laajpee; Samoan: falaoa; Samogitian: douna; Sanskrit: रोटी; Santali: ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟ; Sardinian Campidanese: pani; Scots: breid; Scottish Gaelic: aran; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: хлеб, хљеб, крух, крув; Roman: hleb, hljeb, kruh, kruv; Shan: ၶဝ်ႈမုၼ်း; Sicilian: pani; Sinhalese: පාන්; Slovak: chlieb; Slovene: kruh; Somali: rooti; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: klěb; Upper Sorbian: chlěb; Sotho: bohobe; Southern Altai: ӧтмӧк, экме́к, ачлы́к, та̀ма́к, ка́ла́ш, ар, нан, хлеб; Spanish: pan; Sumerian: 𒉒; Svan: დია̈რ; Swahili: mkate; Swedish: bröd; Tabasaran: уьл; Tagalog: tinapay; Tajik: нон, чӯрак; Tamil: ரொட்டி; Tarifit: aɣṛum; Tashelhit: ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ; Tatar: икмәк, ашлык; Telugu: బ్రెడ్, బ్రెడ్డు, రొట్టె; Tetum: paun; Thai: ขนมปัง, ปัง; Tibetan: གོ་རེ; Tigrinya: ባኒ; Tocharian B: kanti; Tsonga: xinkwa; Turkish: ekmek, banak; Turkmen: çörek; Tutelo: waksakpai; Tzotzil: kaxlan vaj; Udmurt: нянь; Ugaritic: 𐎍𐎈𐎎, 𐎒𐎒𐎆; Ukrainian: хліб; Umbundu: ombolo; Urdu: روٹی, نان; Uyghur: نان; Uzbek: non; Venetian: pan; Veps: leib; Vietnamese: bánh mì, bánh mỳ, bánh tây; Vilamovian: brūt; Volapük: bod; Votic: leipä; Võro: leib; Walloon: pwin, pan; Welsh: bara; West Frisian: bôle, brea; Western Panjabi: روٹی; White Hmong: mov ci; Xârâcùù: pêê; Yagnobi: нун; Yiddish: ברויט; Yucatec Maya: waaj; Yup'ik: avukaq, kelipaq; Zarma: buru; Zazaki: non; Zhuang: bouh | |trtx=Abkhaz: амгьал, ача; Adyghe: хьэлэгъу, хьалыгъу; Afar: gaqambo; Afrikaans: brood; Ainu: パン, ヘリェバ; Akkadian: 𒃻lu/); Albanian: bukë; Alutiiq: kelipaq; Ambonese Malay: roti; Amharic: ዳቦ; Arabic: خُبْز; Algerian Arabic: اغروم; Egyptian Arabic: عيش; Hijazi Arabic: خُبز, عيش; Moroccan Arabic: خبز, قرص; North Levantine Arabic: خِبِز; Iraqi Arabic: صمّون; Aragonese: pan; Aramaic Hebrew: לחמא; Syriac: ܠܚܡܐ; Armenian: հաց; Aromanian: pãni, pãne; Asturian: pan; Azerbaijani: çörək; Baluchi: نان, نگن; Bashkir: икмәк; Basque: ogi; Bats: მაჲჴი̆; Bavarian: Brod, Loawe; Belarusian: хлеб; Bengali: রুটি; Bikol Central: tinapay; Breton: bara; Budukh: фу; Bulgarian: хляб; Burmese: ပေါင်မုန့်; Catalan: pa; Cebuano: tinapay; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ; Chechen: бепиг; Cherokee: ᎦᏚ; Chichewa: buledi; Chickasaw: paska; Chinese Cantonese: 麵包, 面包, 包; Dungan: мәмә; Mandarin: 麵包, 面包; Chuvash: ҫӑкӑр, тырӑ; Classical Nahuatl: tlaxcalli, Caxtīllān tlaxcalli; Coptic: ⲟⲉⲓⲕ; Cornish: bara; Cree: ᐱᓷᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ; Crimean Tatar: ötmek; Czech: chléb, chleba; Dalmatian: pun, puan, pen; Danish: brød; Dutch: brood; Elfdalian: bröð; Esperanto: pano; Estonian: leib; Ewe: abolo; Farefare: pãanɛ, borborɩ; Faroese: breyð; Fijian: madrai; Finnish: leipä; French: pain; Friulian: pan; Fula Adlam: 𞤥𞥋𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤵; Latin: mburu; Galician: pan, broa; Georgian: პური; German: [[Brot]]; Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃; Greek: [[ψωμί]], [[άρτος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἄρτος]], [[σῖτος]]; Greenlandic: iffiaq; Guaraní: mbupaje; Gujarati: રોટલી; Haitian Creole: pen; Hawaiian: palaoa; Hebrew: לֶחֶם; Hindi: रोटी, नान, ब्रेड; Hittite: 𒉒; Hungarian: kenyér; Hunzib: баба; Icelandic: brauð; Ido: pano; Indonesian: roti; Interlingua: pan; Inuktitut: ᕿᖂᔭᖅ; Irish: arán; Old Irish: arán, bairgen; Istriot: pan; Italian: pane; Japanese: パン; Javanese: roti; Jingpho: muk; Kabardian: щӏакхъуэ; Kalenjin: maghatiat; Kalmyk: өдмг; Kannada: ಬ್ರೆಡ್, ರೊಟ್ಟಿ; Kapampangan: tinape; Karachay-Balkar: ётмек, ётме, гыржын; Karipúna Creole French: djipẽ; Kashubian: chléb; Kazakh: нан; Khinalug: баба; Khmer: នំប៉័ង, នំប៉ុង; Kikuyu: mũgate; Komi-Permyak: нянь; Korean: 빵; Korlai Creole Portuguese: pãw; Kurdish Central Kurdish: نان; Northern Kurdish: nan; Kyrgyz: нан, тамак, ар, оокат, азык, камсыздандырылуу; Laki: نان; Lao: ຂນົມປັງ, ເຂົ້າຈີ່, ປັງ; Latgalian: maize; Latin: [[panis]]; Latvian: maize; Lezgi: фу; Limburgish: wegk; Lithuanian: duona; Lombard: pan; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: stoet; German Low German: Braud; Brod, Broot, [[Brot]]; Luhya: kumkate, ekeki; Luwian: 𒉒; Luxembourgish: Brout; Lü: ᦶᦖᧃᧈᦗᧁᧈ, ᦃᧁᧉᦓᦳᧄᦔᧂ, ᦃᧁᧉᦶᦖᧃᧈᦗᧁᧈ; Macedonian: леб; Malagasy: mofo, dipaina; Malay: roti; Malayalam: റൊട്ടി, അപൂപം; Maltese: ħobż; Manx: arran; Maori: parāoa; Marathi: रोटी, भाकरी, पाव; Massachusett: petukqunneg; Middle English: bred; Mongolian: талх, ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠣᠤ миянбуу; Munsee: ăpwáan; Mwani: nkate; Mòcheno: proat; Navajo: bááh; Neapolitan: ppane; Nenets: нянь; Nepali: रोटी; Ngazidja Comorian: mkatre; Nogai: оьтпек; Norman: pain, pôin; North Frisian: Bruar; Northern Altai: эдме́г; Northern Norwegian: brød; Occitan: pan; Ojibwe: bakwezhigan; Old Church Slavonic: хлѣбъ; Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ; Old English: hlāf; Old Norse: brauð; Ossetian: дзул; Ottoman Turkish: اكمك, چورك, نان, خبز; Pashto: ډوډۍ; Persian: نان, نون, چرک, چورک; Middle Persian: 𐭭𐭠𐭭; Phrygian: [[βέκος]], [[βεκός]]; Piedmontese: pan, pane; Plains Cree: ᐅᐦᐱᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ, ᐸᐦᑵᓯᑲᐣ, ᐲᓷᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ; Plautdietsch: Broot; Polabian: sťaibä; Polish: chleb; Portuguese: pão; Punjabi: ਰੋਟੀ; Quechua: t'anta, tanta; Rapa Nui: haraoa; Romani: manro; Romanian: pâine, pâne; Romansch: paun; Russian: хлеб; Rusyn: хлїб; Sami Inari: leibi; Lule: láibbe; Northern: láibi; Pite: lajjbe; Skolt: leiˊbb; Southern: laejpie; Ume: laajpee; Samoan: falaoa; Samogitian: douna; Sanskrit: रोटी; Santali: ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟ; Sardinian Campidanese: pani; Scots: breid; Scottish Gaelic: aran; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: хлеб, хљеб, крух, крув; Roman: hleb, hljeb, kruh, kruv; Shan: ၶဝ်ႈမုၼ်း; Sicilian: pani; Sinhalese: පාන්; Slovak: chlieb; Slovene: kruh; Somali: rooti; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: klěb; Upper Sorbian: chlěb; Sotho: bohobe; Southern Altai: ӧтмӧк, экме́к, ачлы́к, та̀ма́к, ка́ла́ш, ар, нан, хлеб; Spanish: pan; Sumerian: 𒉒; Svan: დია̈რ; Swahili: mkate; Swedish: bröd; Tabasaran: уьл; Tagalog: tinapay; Tajik: нон, чӯрак; Tamil: ரொட்டி; Tarifit: aɣṛum; Tashelhit: ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ; Tatar: икмәк, ашлык; Telugu: బ్రెడ్, బ్రెడ్డు, రొట్టె; Tetum: paun; Thai: ขนมปัง, ปัง; Tibetan: གོ་རེ; Tigrinya: ባኒ; Tocharian B: kanti; Tsonga: xinkwa; Turkish: ekmek, banak; Turkmen: çörek; Tutelo: waksakpai; Tzotzil: kaxlan vaj; Udmurt: нянь; Ugaritic: 𐎍𐎈𐎎, 𐎒𐎒𐎆; Ukrainian: хліб; Umbundu: ombolo; Urdu: روٹی, نان; Uyghur: نان; Uzbek: non; Venetian: pan; Veps: leib; Vietnamese: bánh mì, bánh mỳ, bánh tây; Vilamovian: brūt; Volapük: bod; Votic: leipä; Võro: leib; Walloon: pwin, pan; Welsh: bara; West Frisian: bôle, brea; Western Panjabi: روٹی; White Hmong: mov ci; Xârâcùù: pêê; Yagnobi: нун; Yiddish: ברויט; Yucatec Maya: waaj; Yup'ik: avukaq, kelipaq; Zarma: buru; Zazaki: non; Zhuang: bouh | ||
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Revision as of 18:30, 17 October 2022
English (LSJ)
ὁ, A cake or loaf of wheat-bread, mostly in plural, Od.18.120, al.; ἄρτος οὖλος = a whole loaf, 17.343; collectively, bread, δούλιον ἄρτον ἔδων Archil.Supp.2.6; ἄρτος τρισκοπάνιστος Batr.35; opp. μᾶζα (porridge), Hp.Acut.37.—Freq. in all writers. II ἄρτος· βόλος τις, καὶ ὁ Ἀθηναίων ξένος, Hsch.
Spanish (DGE)
-ου, ὁ I 1concr. pan
a) por su tamaño y forma de reparto hogaza ἄρτον τ' οὖλον ἑλὼν περικαλλέος ἐκ κανέοιο cogiendo una hogaza entera del precioso cesto, Od.17.343, cf. 18.120, ἄρτον δειπνήσας πετράτρυφον ὀκτάβλωμον cenando un pan cuarteado de ocho trozos Hes.Op.442, cf. Batr.35, βλωμιαῖος ἄρτος = pan con una cruz incisa (llamado quadratus por los romanos), Philemo en Ath.114d;
b) según sus ingredientes y preparación, dif. de tortas y pasteles οἱ μὲν ἴτρια, οἱ δ' ἄρτον (comen) unos tortas de sésamo, otros pan Sol.26.2
•esp. op. μᾶζα Hp.VM 6, 14, Acut.37, Ar.Pax 853, Pl.R.372b
•op. al trigo en grano ἀντὶ τῶν πυρῶν ἄρτον διδόναι Hp.VM 13
•fundamentalmente de trigo ἐκ ... τῶν πυρῶν ... ἀπετέλησαν ἄρτον Hp.VM 3, cf. 8, 14, Hdt.2.4
•de otros cereales ἐκ τῶν ὀλυρέων ποιεῦντες ἄρτους haciendo panes de espelta de los egipcios, Hdt.2.77, Hecat.322, ἄρτος πύρινοι καὶ κρίθινοι X.An.4.5.31, de loto Hdt.2.92, cf. Philistio 9, Ath.109c ss.
•mezclado con semillas u otros ingredientes τραπέσδαι μακωνιᾶν ἄρτων Alcm.19.2, cf. S.Fr.609, καθαρὸς ἄρτος ἢ συγκόμιστος ἢ ἀπτίστων πυρῶν ἢ ἐπτισμένων pan de un solo cereal o de varios, de trigo no cernido o cernido Hp.VM 14, pero καθαροὶ ἄρτοι prob. panes blancos o candeales, PPetr.2.5a.8 (III a.C.), ξανθοὶ ἄρτος panes rubios, candeales Xenoph.1.9, cf. Arist.Pr.927a27, ῥυπαρὸς ἄρτος pan negro Ath.114d, Plb.36.16.12
•ἄναλος ἄρτος Arist.Pr.927a35, ἄρτος δίπυροι bizcochos Arist.Pr.928a11, cf. ἄρτος ναυτικός = galleta marinera Luc.DMeretr.14.2, ἄρτοι ζυμῖται X.An.7.3.21, ἄζυμος ἄρτος pan ácimo LXX Ex.29.2
•ἄρτοι πίονες· οὕτως πλακοῦντες Hsch.
•de muchas variedades por sus ingredientes y cocción, Trypho Fr.117, por obra de panaderos especialistas ἄρτους θαυμαστοὺς παρασκευάζειν Pl.Grg.518b;
c) considerado como sustento básico de la familia y la población en general (en el experimento lingüístico de Psamético) Hdt.2.2, δούλιον ἄρτον ἔδων Hippon.194.8, cf. Th.1.138, ἄρτος καὶ κρέας Ar.Pl.320, cf. 1136, αἰτίζητ' ἄρτον Ar.Pax 120, cf. Nu.1383, Pl.190, Epicur.[1] 11.7, PHib.121.31 (III a.C.), UPZ 9.14, 20.12 (ambos II a.C.), PTeb.112.16 (II a.C.), LXX Ie.16.7, Eu.Matt.14.19, POsl.153.12 (II d.C.), ἔλαβεν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους καὶ τοὺς ἰχθύας en el milagro de los panes y los peces Eu.Matt.15.36, con un precio ἄρτους δέκ' ὀβολῶν κἀπιθήκην τεττάρων Ar.V.1391, διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτος Eu.Io.6.7, su consumo sin trabas trasladado a la otra vida φαγεῖν ἄρτον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ Eu.Luc.14.15, cf. Eu.Io.6.5
•en relación con su consumo o no por parte de pueblos diferentes οἱ δὲ σιτέεσθαι μὲν τὸν ἄρτον εἶπον del rey persa, op. al régimen de los ictiófagos, Hdt.3.22, μέγας ἄρτος Δωρικός prob. gran torta o tal vez gachas dorias Theoc.24.137.
2 usos alegóricos y religiosos τὸν μὲν ἄρτον Δημήτραν νομισθῆναι Prodic.B 5, fig. del acto sexual, Hdt.5.92η
•en prácticas religiosas concretas en el Egipto helenístico OGI 56.73 (III a.C.), en el culto hebreo ἄρτος τῆς προθέσεως panes de presentación LXX Ex.40.23, Eu.Matt.12.4
•esp. en lit. crist. del maná ἄρτος ἀγγέλων Iust.Phil.Dial.57.2, de la sabiduría divina, Origenes Or.27.9 (p.369.28 ss.), en la última cena Eu.Matt.26.26, como eucaristía y en diatribas sobre la cuestión Eu.Io.6.31, Ign.Eph.20.2, del propio Cristo, Basil.M.29.524D, Gr.Naz.M.35.860A
•entre los gnósticos ὁ ἄρτος καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον ἁγιάζεται τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ ὀνόματος θεοῦ Clem.Al.Ex.Thdot.82 (p.130.10)
•entre los maniqueos οὔτε ἄρτος κλῶσιν Thdt.M.83.380D.
II quizá tierra, finca, PMich.723.2 (IV d.C.) ἄρτος· βόλος (por βῶλος?) τις (pero cf. βόλος· θύρα (cód.)) Hsch.
• Etimología: Diversas interpretaciones: palabra viajera, rel. vasco arto ‘pan de maíz’, prést. del iran. *arta ‘harina’, cf. pers. ard ‘harina’. Tb. rel. por otros c. la raíz *ar- < *H2er- ‘trabajar la tierra’, cf. ἄροτος ‘tierra de labranza’.
German (Pape)
[Seite 363] (ἄρω), ὁ, Brot, bes. Weizenbrot (μᾶζα Gerstenbrot); zuerst Od. 17, 343. 18, 120; Her. 5, 92, 7; Plat. Gorg. 518 b u. Folgde.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ου (ὁ) :
pain de froment.
Étymologie: DELG étym. incert. -- Babiniotis pê apparenté à ἀραρίσκω, en tant que préparation par excellence ; hypothèse basque arto « pain de seigle », esp. artal « feuilleté » (mais lequel dérive de l'autre ?).
English (Strong)
from αἴρω; bread (as raised) or a loaf: (show-)bread, loaf.
English (Thayer)
ἄρτου, ὁ (from ἈΡΩ to fit, put together (cf. Etym. Magn. 150,36 — but doubtful)), bread; Hebrew לֶחֶם;
1. food composed of flour mixed with water and baked; the Israelites made it in the form of an oblong or round cake, as thick as one's thumb, and as large as a plate or platter (cf. Winer s RWB under the word Backen; (BB. DD.)); hence, it was not cut, but broken (see κλάσις and κλάω) T Tr WH omit; L brackets), ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως, loaves consecrated to Jehovah, see πρόθεσις; on the bread used at the love-feasts and the sacred supper (Winer's Grammar, 35), cf. לֶחֶם, food of any kind: ὁ ἄρτος τῶν τέκνων the food served to the children, ἄρτον φαγεῖν or ἐσθίειν to take food, to eat (לֶחֶם אֲכֹל) (Winer's Grammar, 33 (32)): ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τίνος to take food supplied by one, τόν ἑαυτόν ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, to eat the food which one has procured for himself by his own labor, μήτε ἄρτον ἐσθίον, μήτε οἶνον πίνων, abstaining from the usual sustenance, or using it sparingly, τρώγειν τόν ἄρτον μετά τίνος to be one's table-companion, his familiar friend, τόν ἄρτον τοῦ Θεοῦ, τόν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, as the Divine λόγος, come from heaven, who containing in himself the source of heavenly life supplies celestial nutriment to souls that they may attain to life eternal.
Greek Monolingual
ο (AM ἄρτος)
1. το ψωμί
2. φρ. α) «ο επιούσιος άρτος» — οι καθημερινές ανάγκες διατροφής
β) μτφ. «Ο Άρτος της ζωής» — ο Χριστός
μσν.- νεοελλ.
1. ο άρτος της Θείας Ευχαριστίας
2. ο άρτος που χρησιμοποιείται στην αρτοκλασία
3. το κομμάτι του άρτου που προσφέρεται στους πιστούς
αρχ.
συνήθως στον πληθ. το ψωμί από σιτάρι.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Αβέβ. ετυμολ. Έχει υποστηριχτεί ότι ο τ. άρτος
είναι ουσιαστικοποιημένο ρηματικό επίθετο αρτός, που ανάγεται στη ρίζα αρ- του ρ. αραρίσκω. Με το ρ. αυτό συνδέεται ο τ. άρτος, μέσω της σημασίας «παρασκευάζω, ετοιμάζω» (για το ψωμί που έχει ζυμωθεί), αλλά και μέσω της κύριας σημασίας του ρ. «συνάπτω, προσαρμόζω» (για το ψωμί που έχει τοποθετηθεί στον φούρνο). Κατ' άλλους, ο τ. άρτος είναι δάνειο από ιραν. άrta «αλεύρι» (πρβλ. αβεστ. aša «αλεσμένος», νεώτ. περσ. άrδ «αλεύρι» (ΙΕ. ρίζα αl- «αλέθω», πρβλ. αλώ). Τέλος, η σύνδεση της λ. με βασκ. arto «ψωμί από αραβόσιτο» και ισπ. artal «είδος πίτας» οδήγησε στην υπόθεση ότι πρόκειται για λ. που ανάγεται σε προ-ινδοευρωπαϊκό γλωσσικό υπόστρωμα. Ο τ. άρτος, που χρησιμοποιείται προς δήλωση της πιο βασικής τροφής του ανθρώπου, μαρτυρείται από τους αρχαιοτάτους χρόνους, ενώ στη νέα Ελληνική έχει γενικά αντικατασταθεί από τη λ. ψωμί και η χρήση του ως απλού έχει περιοριστεί στην εκκλησιαστική ορολογία («καθαγιασμένος άρτος» — πρβλ. οίνος -κρασί).
ΠΑΡ. αρτίδιον
αρχ.
αρτίσκος.
ΣΥΝΘ. αρτοποιός
αρχ.
αρτοκόπος, αρτολάγανον, αρτόμελι, αρτόπωλις, αρτοσιτώ, αρτοστροφώ, αρτοτροφία, αρτοφαγώ
μσν.
αρτοδαισία, αρτοδότης, αρτόκλασμα, αρτουργός
μσν.- νεοελλ.
αρτοκλασία
νεοελλ.
αρτεργάτης, αρτοβιομηχανία, αρτοπλασία, αρτοσφραγίδα, αρτόψωμα].
Greek Monotonic
ἄρτος: ὁ, ψωμί ή άρτος από σιτάρι (το κριθαρένιο ψωμί λέγεται μᾶζα), συνήθως σε πληθ., σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· ἄρτος οὖλος, μαλακό ψωμί, στο ίδ. (αμφίβ. προέλ.).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἄρτος: ὁ тж. pl. хлеб (преимущ. пшеничный) Hom., Her., Thuc., Xen., Plat., Plut.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: bread (Od.).
Dialectal forms: Myc. atopoqo /artopokʷos/ baker, s. πέσσω.
Compounds: ἀρτο-κόπος baker (Hdt.) w. metathesis. ἀρτοποίος X.
Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
Etymology: Unknown. Hardly to ἀρ- fit. Pisani Ricerche Linguistiche 1, 141 derives it from Iranian *arta- flour, which is impossible for a word already attested in Myc. Hubschmid Sardische Studien (Bern 1953) 104 adduces Basque. arto id., OSpan. artal especie de empanada etc. and considers the word as a substr. word (or is it a loan from Greek?). Improb. vW.
Middle Liddell
[deriv. uncertain].]
a cake or loaf of wheat-bread (barley-bread is μᾶζα), mostly in plural, Od.; ἄρτος οὖλος soft bread, Od.
Frisk Etymology German
ἄρτος: {ártos}
Grammar: m.
Meaning: Brot (seit Od.).
Composita: Von den sehr zahlreichen Komposita mit ἄρτος als Vorderglied ist zu erwähnen ἀρτοκόπος Brotbäcker (ion. att.); das Hinterglied zu πέσσω, πέπων (s. dd.), wohl mit Metathese derselben Art wie in lit. kepù backen für *pekù = aksl. pekǫ, aber davon unabhängig. Lit. bei Schwyzer 298f. und Bq s. ἄρτος. Ursprüngliche Lautfolge mit bewahrtem Labiovelar in ägäisch a-to-po-qo = ἀρτοποqu̯οι?
Derivative: Davon das seltene Deminutiv ἀρτίσκος m. (Hp., Dsk., Gal.) und ἀρτίσκιον (Damokr.).
Etymology: Nicht sicher gedeutet. Zugehörigkeit zu ἀρ- zusammenfügen, verfertigen als Verbalnomen auf -τος (Prellwitz) ist wohl nicht ganz ausgeschlossen (vgl. ἄρμενα und 2. ἄρμα), aber sehr unsicher. Nach Pisani Ricerche Linguistiche 1, 141 ist ἄρτος aus einem iranischen *arta- Mehl entlehnt, vgl. aw. aša- gemahlen, npers. ārδ Mehl, zu idg. al- mahlen, s. ἀλέω. Hubschmid Sardische Studien (Bern 1953) 104 erinnert dagegen mit Recht an bask. arto ‘Mais(brot)’, aspan. artal especie de empanada usw. und betrachtet dementsprechend ἄρτος als Substratwort.
Page 1,156
Chinese
原文音譯:¥rtoj 阿而拖士
詞類次數:名詞(100)
原文字根:餅 相當於: (לֶחֶם)
字義溯源:餅,糧,飯,一塊(餅),食物,飲食,口糧;源自(αἴρω)*=舉起)。餅;有三方面的應用:
1)字面上的:餅乃是食物( 太4:3,4⋯)
2)隱喻上的:餅隱喻交通,如( 林前10:17),我們都是分受這一個餅
3)屬靈生命上的:主說,是就是生命的糧( 約6:36,48,51⋯);耶穌拿起餅來說,⋯這是我的身體( 太26:26; 林前11:24)
出現次數:總共(99);太(21);可(22);路(16);約(24);徒(5);林前(7);林後(1);帖後(2);來(1)
譯字彙編:
1) 餅(65) 太7:9; 太12:4; 太14:17; 太14:19; 太14:19; 太15:26; 太15:33; 太15:34; 太15:36; 太16:5; 太16:7; 太16:8; 太16:9; 太16:10; 太16:11; 太26:26; 可2:26; 可6:36; 可6:38; 可6:41; 可6:41; 可6:44; 可6:52; 可7:27; 可8:4; 可8:5; 可8:6; 可8:14; 可8:14; 可8:16; 可8:17; 可8:19; 可14:22; 路6:4; 路7:33; 路9:13; 路9:16; 路11:5; 路11:11; 路22:19; 路24:30; 路24:35; 約6:5; 約6:7; 約6:9; 約6:11; 約6:13; 約6:23; 約6:26; 約21:9; 約21:13; 徒2:42; 徒2:46; 徒20:7; 徒20:11; 徒27:35; 林前10:16; 林前10:17; 林前10:17; 林前11:23; 林前11:26; 林前11:27; 林前11:28; 林後9:10; 來9:2;
2) 糧(14) 約6:31; 約6:32; 約6:32; 約6:33; 約6:34; 約6:35; 約6:41; 約6:48; 約6:50; 約6:51; 約6:51; 約6:51; 約6:58; 約6:58;
3) 飯(9) 太15:2; 可3:20; 可7:2; 可7:5; 路14:1; 路14:15; 約13:18; 帖後3:8; 帖後3:12;
4) 食物(6) 太4:3; 太4:4; 可6:8; 路4:3; 路4:4; 路9:3;
5) 飲食(2) 太6:11; 路11:3;
6) 口糧(1) 路15:17;
7) 的餅(1) 可6:37;
8) 餅的(1) 太16:12
Mantoulidis Etymological
(=καρβέλι, ψωμί ἀπό σιτάρι). Ἀμφίβολη ἡ ἐτυμολογία του. Ἴσως ἔχει σχέση μέ τό ἀρτύω, ἀρτίζω.
Léxico de magia
ὁ 1 pan usado gener. como ofrenda ἐπιθύσας ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ λαβέ ... γʹ ἄρτους realizando la ofrenda sobre el altar toma tres panes P III 382 κόσμει δὲ καὶ παράθεσιν στροβίλων, ἄρτων prepara también una ofrenda de piñas, una cesta de panes P XIII 1012 en una consagración παρακείσθωσαν ἐπὶ τῆς τελετῆς ἄρτοι καθάρειοι en la consagración deben estar dispuestos panes blancos P V 230 para comerlo πλάσον ἄρτον ... καὶ φάγε νήστης καὶ γνώσῃ τὴν ἐνέργειαν amasa un pan, cómelo en ayunas y conocerás la energía mágica P III 411 καταλιπὼν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρτου, οὗ ἐσθίεις, ὀλίγον καὶ κλάσας ποίησον εἰς ἑπτὰ ψωμούς deja un poco del pan que comes y partiéndolo haz siete trozos P IV 1391 2 pan como alimento físico y espiritual (pap. crist.), mencionado en el Padrenuestro τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον el pan nuestro de cada día dánoslo hoy C 9 19 C 17 15 O 4 6 SM 29 15
Translations
Abkhaz: амгьал, ача; Adyghe: хьэлэгъу, хьалыгъу; Afar: gaqambo; Afrikaans: brood; Ainu: パン, ヘリェバ; Akkadian: 𒃻lu/); Albanian: bukë; Alutiiq: kelipaq; Ambonese Malay: roti; Amharic: ዳቦ; Arabic: خُبْز; Algerian Arabic: اغروم; Egyptian Arabic: عيش; Hijazi Arabic: خُبز, عيش; Moroccan Arabic: خبز, قرص; North Levantine Arabic: خِبِز; Iraqi Arabic: صمّون; Aragonese: pan; Aramaic Hebrew: לחמא; Syriac: ܠܚܡܐ; Armenian: հաց; Aromanian: pãni, pãne; Asturian: pan; Azerbaijani: çörək; Baluchi: نان, نگن; Bashkir: икмәк; Basque: ogi; Bats: მაჲჴი̆; Bavarian: Brod, Loawe; Belarusian: хлеб; Bengali: রুটি; Bikol Central: tinapay; Breton: bara; Budukh: фу; Bulgarian: хляб; Burmese: ပေါင်မုန့်; Catalan: pa; Cebuano: tinapay; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ; Chechen: бепиг; Cherokee: ᎦᏚ; Chichewa: buledi; Chickasaw: paska; Chinese Cantonese: 麵包, 面包, 包; Dungan: мәмә; Mandarin: 麵包, 面包; Chuvash: ҫӑкӑр, тырӑ; Classical Nahuatl: tlaxcalli, Caxtīllān tlaxcalli; Coptic: ⲟⲉⲓⲕ; Cornish: bara; Cree: ᐱᓷᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ; Crimean Tatar: ötmek; Czech: chléb, chleba; Dalmatian: pun, puan, pen; Danish: brød; Dutch: brood; Elfdalian: bröð; Esperanto: pano; Estonian: leib; Ewe: abolo; Farefare: pãanɛ, borborɩ; Faroese: breyð; Fijian: madrai; Finnish: leipä; French: pain; Friulian: pan; Fula Adlam: 𞤥𞥋𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤵; Latin: mburu; Galician: pan, broa; Georgian: პური; German: Brot; Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃; Greek: ψωμί, άρτος; Ancient Greek: ἄρτος, σῖτος; Greenlandic: iffiaq; Guaraní: mbupaje; Gujarati: રોટલી; Haitian Creole: pen; Hawaiian: palaoa; Hebrew: לֶחֶם; Hindi: रोटी, नान, ब्रेड; Hittite: 𒉒; Hungarian: kenyér; Hunzib: баба; Icelandic: brauð; Ido: pano; Indonesian: roti; Interlingua: pan; Inuktitut: ᕿᖂᔭᖅ; Irish: arán; Old Irish: arán, bairgen; Istriot: pan; Italian: pane; Japanese: パン; Javanese: roti; Jingpho: muk; Kabardian: щӏакхъуэ; Kalenjin: maghatiat; Kalmyk: өдмг; Kannada: ಬ್ರೆಡ್, ರೊಟ್ಟಿ; Kapampangan: tinape; Karachay-Balkar: ётмек, ётме, гыржын; Karipúna Creole French: djipẽ; Kashubian: chléb; Kazakh: нан; Khinalug: баба; Khmer: នំប៉័ង, នំប៉ុង; Kikuyu: mũgate; Komi-Permyak: нянь; Korean: 빵; Korlai Creole Portuguese: pãw; Kurdish Central Kurdish: نان; Northern Kurdish: nan; Kyrgyz: нан, тамак, ар, оокат, азык, камсыздандырылуу; Laki: نان; Lao: ຂນົມປັງ, ເຂົ້າຈີ່, ປັງ; Latgalian: maize; Latin: panis; Latvian: maize; Lezgi: фу; Limburgish: wegk; Lithuanian: duona; Lombard: pan; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: stoet; German Low German: Braud; Brod, Broot, Brot; Luhya: kumkate, ekeki; Luwian: 𒉒; Luxembourgish: Brout; Lü: ᦶᦖᧃᧈᦗᧁᧈ, ᦃᧁᧉᦓᦳᧄᦔᧂ, ᦃᧁᧉᦶᦖᧃᧈᦗᧁᧈ; Macedonian: леб; Malagasy: mofo, dipaina; Malay: roti; Malayalam: റൊട്ടി, അപൂപം; Maltese: ħobż; Manx: arran; Maori: parāoa; Marathi: रोटी, भाकरी, पाव; Massachusett: petukqunneg; Middle English: bred; Mongolian: талх, ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠣᠤ миянбуу; Munsee: ăpwáan; Mwani: nkate; Mòcheno: proat; Navajo: bááh; Neapolitan: ppane; Nenets: нянь; Nepali: रोटी; Ngazidja Comorian: mkatre; Nogai: оьтпек; Norman: pain, pôin; North Frisian: Bruar; Northern Altai: эдме́г; Northern Norwegian: brød; Occitan: pan; Ojibwe: bakwezhigan; Old Church Slavonic: хлѣбъ; Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ; Old English: hlāf; Old Norse: brauð; Ossetian: дзул; Ottoman Turkish: اكمك, چورك, نان, خبز; Pashto: ډوډۍ; Persian: نان, نون, چرک, چورک; Middle Persian: 𐭭𐭠𐭭; Phrygian: βέκος, βεκός; Piedmontese: pan, pane; Plains Cree: ᐅᐦᐱᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ, ᐸᐦᑵᓯᑲᐣ, ᐲᓷᐦᑲᓯᑲᐣ; Plautdietsch: Broot; Polabian: sťaibä; Polish: chleb; Portuguese: pão; Punjabi: ਰੋਟੀ; Quechua: t'anta, tanta; Rapa Nui: haraoa; Romani: manro; Romanian: pâine, pâne; Romansch: paun; Russian: хлеб; Rusyn: хлїб; Sami Inari: leibi; Lule: láibbe; Northern: láibi; Pite: lajjbe; Skolt: leiˊbb; Southern: laejpie; Ume: laajpee; Samoan: falaoa; Samogitian: douna; Sanskrit: रोटी; Santali: ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟ; Sardinian Campidanese: pani; Scots: breid; Scottish Gaelic: aran; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: хлеб, хљеб, крух, крув; Roman: hleb, hljeb, kruh, kruv; Shan: ၶဝ်ႈမုၼ်း; Sicilian: pani; Sinhalese: පාන්; Slovak: chlieb; Slovene: kruh; Somali: rooti; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: klěb; Upper Sorbian: chlěb; Sotho: bohobe; Southern Altai: ӧтмӧк, экме́к, ачлы́к, та̀ма́к, ка́ла́ш, ар, нан, хлеб; Spanish: pan; Sumerian: 𒉒; Svan: დია̈რ; Swahili: mkate; Swedish: bröd; Tabasaran: уьл; Tagalog: tinapay; Tajik: нон, чӯрак; Tamil: ரொட்டி; Tarifit: aɣṛum; Tashelhit: ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ; Tatar: икмәк, ашлык; Telugu: బ్రెడ్, బ్రెడ్డు, రొట్టె; Tetum: paun; Thai: ขนมปัง, ปัง; Tibetan: གོ་རེ; Tigrinya: ባኒ; Tocharian B: kanti; Tsonga: xinkwa; Turkish: ekmek, banak; Turkmen: çörek; Tutelo: waksakpai; Tzotzil: kaxlan vaj; Udmurt: нянь; Ugaritic: 𐎍𐎈𐎎, 𐎒𐎒𐎆; Ukrainian: хліб; Umbundu: ombolo; Urdu: روٹی, نان; Uyghur: نان; Uzbek: non; Venetian: pan; Veps: leib; Vietnamese: bánh mì, bánh mỳ, bánh tây; Vilamovian: brūt; Volapük: bod; Votic: leipä; Võro: leib; Walloon: pwin, pan; Welsh: bara; West Frisian: bôle, brea; Western Panjabi: روٹی; White Hmong: mov ci; Xârâcùù: pêê; Yagnobi: нун; Yiddish: ברויט; Yucatec Maya: waaj; Yup'ik: avukaq, kelipaq; Zarma: buru; Zazaki: non; Zhuang: bouh
French (New Testament)
nourriture